The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts like class hierarchies, subclass definitions, and inheritance. It provides examples of defining superclass and subclass relationships between classes like Person, Employee, and Manager. The examples demonstrate how subclasses inherit variables and methods from parent classes and can extend them with their own attributes.
This chapter discusses object-oriented programming concepts in Java including immutable objects, scope of variables, the this keyword, class abstraction, composition relationships, and designing classes. It provides examples of how to model real-world entities like loans, BMI calculations, stacks, and dates using object-oriented design principles such as encapsulation, abstraction and separation of concerns. The key benefits of object-oriented programming highlighted are reusability, flexibility and modularity in building software.
Here are the key differences between overriding and overloading:
- Overriding involves subclass and superclass, while overloading involves only one class.
- Overriding changes the implementation of an existing method in the superclass, while overloading provides multiple implementations of the same method name with different parameters.
- The parameter lists are the same for overriding but different for overloading.
- Overriding is achieved by the subclass, while overloading is achieved by a single class.
So in summary, overriding changes the implementation of a method in the subclass, while overloading provides multiple implementations of the same method name with different parameters within one class.
Object oriented programming involves modeling real-world entities as objects that encapsulate both data and behavior. Programmers define classes that specify the attributes and methods of these objects. This is a different approach than traditional procedural programming, as it focuses on objects rather than functions.
Object oriented programming involves modeling real-world entities as objects that encapsulate both data and behavior. Programmers define classes that specify the attributes and methods of these objects. This is a different approach than traditional procedural programming, as it focuses on objects rather than functions.
This document discusses Chapter 2 of an introduction to Java programming textbook. It covers elementary programming concepts such as writing simple Java programs to perform computations, using variables to store data, numeric data types, operators, and literals. The chapter objectives are to learn how to solve practical problems by working with Java primitive data types, variables, input/output, and other basic programming elements.
The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts in Java, including:
1) Similarities and differences between Java and C++, such as single inheritance in Java.
2) Core object-oriented terminology like "class" and "object".
3) Examples demonstrating instance variables, methods, and constructors in Java classes. The examples show how to define classes, create objects, access fields and call methods.
This document discusses scaling up deep learning using tera-scale deep neural networks. It proposes using local receptive field networks to learn features from large datasets in a distributed manner. Evaluation on tasks like action recognition, cancer classification, and natural images shows learned features outperform hand-crafted features. The key ideas are to learn more features from big data to improve performance, and to distribute feature learning across many machines to handle large-scale problems.
Public-Key Identification Schemes Based on Multivariate PolynomialsCassius Puodzius
The document outlines a 3-pass identification scheme based on multivariate quadratic polynomials (MQ). It begins with preliminaries on identification schemes and the MQ problem. The MQ-based scheme is then described, using a string commitment function for Peggy to commit to her secret key and for Victor to verify Peggy knows the secret key. The scheme relies on the bilinear property of G(x,y)=F(x+y)-F(x)-F(y) to split the secret key into shares using a cut-and-choose technique.
This chapter discusses object-oriented programming concepts in Java including immutable objects, scope of variables, the this keyword, class abstraction, composition relationships, and designing classes. It provides examples of how to model real-world entities like loans, BMI calculations, stacks, and dates using object-oriented design principles such as encapsulation, abstraction and separation of concerns. The key benefits of object-oriented programming highlighted are reusability, flexibility and modularity in building software.
Here are the key differences between overriding and overloading:
- Overriding involves subclass and superclass, while overloading involves only one class.
- Overriding changes the implementation of an existing method in the superclass, while overloading provides multiple implementations of the same method name with different parameters.
- The parameter lists are the same for overriding but different for overloading.
- Overriding is achieved by the subclass, while overloading is achieved by a single class.
So in summary, overriding changes the implementation of a method in the subclass, while overloading provides multiple implementations of the same method name with different parameters within one class.
Object oriented programming involves modeling real-world entities as objects that encapsulate both data and behavior. Programmers define classes that specify the attributes and methods of these objects. This is a different approach than traditional procedural programming, as it focuses on objects rather than functions.
Object oriented programming involves modeling real-world entities as objects that encapsulate both data and behavior. Programmers define classes that specify the attributes and methods of these objects. This is a different approach than traditional procedural programming, as it focuses on objects rather than functions.
This document discusses Chapter 2 of an introduction to Java programming textbook. It covers elementary programming concepts such as writing simple Java programs to perform computations, using variables to store data, numeric data types, operators, and literals. The chapter objectives are to learn how to solve practical problems by working with Java primitive data types, variables, input/output, and other basic programming elements.
The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts in Java, including:
1) Similarities and differences between Java and C++, such as single inheritance in Java.
2) Core object-oriented terminology like "class" and "object".
3) Examples demonstrating instance variables, methods, and constructors in Java classes. The examples show how to define classes, create objects, access fields and call methods.
This document discusses scaling up deep learning using tera-scale deep neural networks. It proposes using local receptive field networks to learn features from large datasets in a distributed manner. Evaluation on tasks like action recognition, cancer classification, and natural images shows learned features outperform hand-crafted features. The key ideas are to learn more features from big data to improve performance, and to distribute feature learning across many machines to handle large-scale problems.
Public-Key Identification Schemes Based on Multivariate PolynomialsCassius Puodzius
The document outlines a 3-pass identification scheme based on multivariate quadratic polynomials (MQ). It begins with preliminaries on identification schemes and the MQ problem. The MQ-based scheme is then described, using a string commitment function for Peggy to commit to her secret key and for Victor to verify Peggy knows the secret key. The scheme relies on the bilinear property of G(x,y)=F(x+y)-F(x)-F(y) to split the secret key into shares using a cut-and-choose technique.
This document provides an overview of Java keywords, primitive data types, wrapper classes, variables, expressions, comments, casting, and overflow. It discusses the 50 Java keywords like abstract and boolean. It describes the 8 primitive types (boolean, char, byte, short, int, long, float, double), their ranges, and literals. It introduces the wrapper classes that correspond to each primitive type, like Integer for int. It also covers variables, expressions, single-line and multi-line comments, identity/widening/narrowing conversions during casting, and how overflow is handled for integer vs floating-point values.
This document discusses C++ classes and object-oriented programming. It defines classes as user-defined types that encapsulate data and functions. Classes allow programmers to model real-world entities as objects. The document provides examples of class definitions, member functions, constructors, destructors, and accessing class members. It explains that classes simplify programming by promoting code reuse and hiding implementation details behind interfaces.
The document provides an overview of key Java concepts including classes, objects, methods, constructors, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, and encapsulation. It defines classes like Circle and Shape that demonstrate these concepts. Circles have fields like radius and methods like area() and circumference(). The Shape class is abstract with abstract area() and circumference() methods that concrete subclasses like Circle must implement. Access modifiers like public, private, and protected are used to control access to class members.
Contents :
Language Concepts
How Objective C works- Basics
Data Types
NSInteger
NSNumber
Operators
Loop
Inheritance
Method Overloading
Mutable and Immutable Strings
Mutable and Immutable Arrays
File Management
This document provides information about various concepts related to classes in C++, including defining a class, creating objects, special member functions like constructors and destructors, implementing class methods, accessing class members, and class abstraction. It defines a Circle class with private data member radius and public member functions to set and get radius and calculate diameter, area, and circumference. It demonstrates defining member functions inside and outside the class and using operators like dot and arrow to access class members.
This document discusses objects and classes in Java. It introduces object-oriented programming concepts like objects having state in the form of data fields and behavior in the form of methods. Classes are used to define objects of the same type by specifying their data fields and methods. The document provides examples of defining a Circle class and creating Circle objects that demonstrate accessing object data and using methods. It also explains concepts like constructors, which are special methods used to initialize objects when they are created.
The document discusses inheritance in C++. It shows how a derived class can inherit properties and behaviors from a base class, while also adding its own private data members and defining its own public member functions, including overriding virtual functions from the base class. The key aspects covered are:
- Defining derived classes that inherit publicly or privately from a base class
- Access control of inherited members depending on inheritance type
- Calling base class constructors from derived class constructors
- Derived classes augmenting the base class with additional data and functions
- Overriding functions to specialize behavior while reusing the base class interface
The document discusses inheritance in C++. It shows how a derived class can inherit properties and behaviors from a base class, while also adding its own properties and overriding or specializing inherited behaviors. Examples include a Polygon base class that is derived into Rectangle and Triangle classes, and a Time base class derived into an ExtTime class that adds time zone tracking. Inheritance allows defining hierarchies of related classes to reduce duplication and extend functionality.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented programming concepts including objects, classes, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It defines objects as entities with state and behavior, and classes as templates for objects that define data and methods. Encapsulation binds code and data together within a class and controls access through public and private members. Inheritance allows classes to inherit attributes from parent classes in a hierarchy. Polymorphism allows methods to behave differently based on the object type.
The document discusses inheritance in C++. Inheritance allows new classes called derived classes to be created from existing classes called base classes. This allows code reuse and for common attributes and operations to be defined in the base class and shared by derived classes. Different types of inheritance are described including single, multi-level, multiple, hierarchical and hybrid inheritance with examples provided. Access control and visibility modes like public, private and protected inheritance are also explained.
Here are the key points about object equality in Java:
- The == operator checks if the objects are the same instance
- The equals() method checks if the objects have the same value
- By default, equals() only returns true if comparing the same instance
- Classes should override equals() to check for value equality instead of reference equality
So in this case:
- jack1 == jack2 will print false as they are different instances
- jack1.equals(jack2) will print false by default, as equals() isn't overridden
The document discusses inheritance in object-oriented programming, including defining inheritance as objects inheriting properties like data members and member functions from another class, and describing single inheritance where a class inherits from one base class and multiple inheritance where a class inherits from more than one base class. It also covers access control and how private, protected, and public members can be accessed by classes and derived classes.
super.display() calls the display() method defined in the Rectangle superclass. This allows the subclass method to reuse the superclass implementation and then add additional functionality.
The document discusses virtual functions, which allow for polymorphism in C++ by implementing the "one interface, multiple methods" philosophy. A virtual function declared in a base class can be overridden in derived classes. Abstract base classes contain at least one pure virtual function and cannot be instantiated. Virtual base classes are used to resolve issues that can arise with multiple inheritance. Friend functions can access private members of classes they are declared as friends to.
This document discusses classes, objects, and methods in Java. It defines a class as a user-defined data type that contains fields and methods. Objects are instances of classes that allocate memory at runtime. Methods define behaviors for objects and are declared within classes. The document covers defining classes, creating objects, accessing members, constructors, method overloading and overriding, static members, passing objects as parameters, recursion, and visibility control.
This document discusses inheritance in C++. It defines inheritance as the process of creating new classes (derived classes) from existing classes (base classes). Inheritance allows for code reusability and increases a program's reliability. The document provides examples of using inheritance to create derived shape classes like Rectangle and Triangle from a base Polygon class. It also covers syntax for defining derived classes using the colon operator and access specifiers. Finally, it discusses overriding base class member functions in derived classes.
Java | Oraclehttps://www.java.com
About Java. Java + Alice Java + Greenfoot Oracle Academy for Educators Java Magazine. Are you a Java developer looking for JDK Downloads?
Download Java for Windows
Java software for your computer, or the Java Runtime Environment, is also ...
Java Downloads for Linux
Manual Java download page for Linux. Get the latest version of the Java ...
Java Downloads for All ...
Java allows you to play online games, chat with people around ...
Programming language
Java is a programming language and computing platform first released by Sun ...
More results from java.com »
Java (programming language) - Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Java_(programming_l...
Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.
Developer: Oracle Corporation
Designed by: James Gosling
First appeared: May 23, 1995; 26 years ago
Stable release: Java SE 17 / 14 September 20...
People also ask
What Java is used for?
What exactly is Java?
Is Java hard to learn?
Is Java required for PC?
Feedback
Java Tutorial - W3Schoolshttps://www.w3schools.com › java
Java is a popular programming language. Java is used to develop mobile apps, web apps, desktop apps, games and much more. Start learning Java now » ...
Java Software | Oraclehttps://www.oracle.com › java
Java is the #1 programming language and development platform. It reduces costs, shortens development timeframes, drives innovation, and improves application ...
The Java™ Tutorials - Oracle Help Centerhttps://docs.oracle.com › javase › tutorial
15-Nov-2021 — The Java Tutorials are practical guides for programmers who want to use the Java programming language to create applications. They include ...
Learn Java | Codecademyhttps://www.codecademy.com › learn › learn-java
Java is among the most popular programming languages out there, mainly because of how versatile and compatible it is. Java can be used for a large number of ...
Java Beans are reusable software components that can be manipulated visually in an IDE. A Java Bean must have a no-argument constructor, implement accessor methods for properties rather than using public fields, and allow for introspection. Introspection allows tools to analyze a bean's capabilities through naming conventions or an additional class. Properties, events, and methods follow common design patterns to identify their signatures and behaviors. Persistence allows a bean's configuration to be saved and restored by serializing the object.
This document provides an introduction to creating and using classes in C#. Key points covered include defining classes with fields, methods, and constructors; using accessibility modifiers like public and private; calling methods and using the this keyword; creating static methods; and using listboxes, comboboxes, and events for selection changes. Examples are provided for defining classes, constructors, static and instance methods, and populating and accessing selection properties of list and combo boxes.
The document discusses various object-oriented programming concepts in C++ like classes, objects, member functions, data members, constructors, destructors, friend functions, and namespaces. It provides examples of defining classes with data members and member functions, declaring objects of a class, and using constructors and destructors. It also explains concepts like overloaded constructors, copy constructors, nested classes, dynamic initialization of objects, and friend functions.
This document discusses various concepts related to classes and objects in C++, including member functions, data members, constructors, destructors, friend functions, and nested classes. It provides examples of defining member functions inside and outside the class, different access specifiers for data members, examples of friend functions and classes, returning objects from functions, arrays of objects, and nested classes. It also discusses constructors in more detail, including overloaded constructors, copy constructors, dynamic initialization of objects, constructors for primitive types, and constructors with default arguments.
This document provides an overview of Java keywords, primitive data types, wrapper classes, variables, expressions, comments, casting, and overflow. It discusses the 50 Java keywords like abstract and boolean. It describes the 8 primitive types (boolean, char, byte, short, int, long, float, double), their ranges, and literals. It introduces the wrapper classes that correspond to each primitive type, like Integer for int. It also covers variables, expressions, single-line and multi-line comments, identity/widening/narrowing conversions during casting, and how overflow is handled for integer vs floating-point values.
This document discusses C++ classes and object-oriented programming. It defines classes as user-defined types that encapsulate data and functions. Classes allow programmers to model real-world entities as objects. The document provides examples of class definitions, member functions, constructors, destructors, and accessing class members. It explains that classes simplify programming by promoting code reuse and hiding implementation details behind interfaces.
The document provides an overview of key Java concepts including classes, objects, methods, constructors, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, and encapsulation. It defines classes like Circle and Shape that demonstrate these concepts. Circles have fields like radius and methods like area() and circumference(). The Shape class is abstract with abstract area() and circumference() methods that concrete subclasses like Circle must implement. Access modifiers like public, private, and protected are used to control access to class members.
Contents :
Language Concepts
How Objective C works- Basics
Data Types
NSInteger
NSNumber
Operators
Loop
Inheritance
Method Overloading
Mutable and Immutable Strings
Mutable and Immutable Arrays
File Management
This document provides information about various concepts related to classes in C++, including defining a class, creating objects, special member functions like constructors and destructors, implementing class methods, accessing class members, and class abstraction. It defines a Circle class with private data member radius and public member functions to set and get radius and calculate diameter, area, and circumference. It demonstrates defining member functions inside and outside the class and using operators like dot and arrow to access class members.
This document discusses objects and classes in Java. It introduces object-oriented programming concepts like objects having state in the form of data fields and behavior in the form of methods. Classes are used to define objects of the same type by specifying their data fields and methods. The document provides examples of defining a Circle class and creating Circle objects that demonstrate accessing object data and using methods. It also explains concepts like constructors, which are special methods used to initialize objects when they are created.
The document discusses inheritance in C++. It shows how a derived class can inherit properties and behaviors from a base class, while also adding its own private data members and defining its own public member functions, including overriding virtual functions from the base class. The key aspects covered are:
- Defining derived classes that inherit publicly or privately from a base class
- Access control of inherited members depending on inheritance type
- Calling base class constructors from derived class constructors
- Derived classes augmenting the base class with additional data and functions
- Overriding functions to specialize behavior while reusing the base class interface
The document discusses inheritance in C++. It shows how a derived class can inherit properties and behaviors from a base class, while also adding its own properties and overriding or specializing inherited behaviors. Examples include a Polygon base class that is derived into Rectangle and Triangle classes, and a Time base class derived into an ExtTime class that adds time zone tracking. Inheritance allows defining hierarchies of related classes to reduce duplication and extend functionality.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented programming concepts including objects, classes, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It defines objects as entities with state and behavior, and classes as templates for objects that define data and methods. Encapsulation binds code and data together within a class and controls access through public and private members. Inheritance allows classes to inherit attributes from parent classes in a hierarchy. Polymorphism allows methods to behave differently based on the object type.
The document discusses inheritance in C++. Inheritance allows new classes called derived classes to be created from existing classes called base classes. This allows code reuse and for common attributes and operations to be defined in the base class and shared by derived classes. Different types of inheritance are described including single, multi-level, multiple, hierarchical and hybrid inheritance with examples provided. Access control and visibility modes like public, private and protected inheritance are also explained.
Here are the key points about object equality in Java:
- The == operator checks if the objects are the same instance
- The equals() method checks if the objects have the same value
- By default, equals() only returns true if comparing the same instance
- Classes should override equals() to check for value equality instead of reference equality
So in this case:
- jack1 == jack2 will print false as they are different instances
- jack1.equals(jack2) will print false by default, as equals() isn't overridden
The document discusses inheritance in object-oriented programming, including defining inheritance as objects inheriting properties like data members and member functions from another class, and describing single inheritance where a class inherits from one base class and multiple inheritance where a class inherits from more than one base class. It also covers access control and how private, protected, and public members can be accessed by classes and derived classes.
super.display() calls the display() method defined in the Rectangle superclass. This allows the subclass method to reuse the superclass implementation and then add additional functionality.
The document discusses virtual functions, which allow for polymorphism in C++ by implementing the "one interface, multiple methods" philosophy. A virtual function declared in a base class can be overridden in derived classes. Abstract base classes contain at least one pure virtual function and cannot be instantiated. Virtual base classes are used to resolve issues that can arise with multiple inheritance. Friend functions can access private members of classes they are declared as friends to.
This document discusses classes, objects, and methods in Java. It defines a class as a user-defined data type that contains fields and methods. Objects are instances of classes that allocate memory at runtime. Methods define behaviors for objects and are declared within classes. The document covers defining classes, creating objects, accessing members, constructors, method overloading and overriding, static members, passing objects as parameters, recursion, and visibility control.
This document discusses inheritance in C++. It defines inheritance as the process of creating new classes (derived classes) from existing classes (base classes). Inheritance allows for code reusability and increases a program's reliability. The document provides examples of using inheritance to create derived shape classes like Rectangle and Triangle from a base Polygon class. It also covers syntax for defining derived classes using the colon operator and access specifiers. Finally, it discusses overriding base class member functions in derived classes.
Java | Oraclehttps://www.java.com
About Java. Java + Alice Java + Greenfoot Oracle Academy for Educators Java Magazine. Are you a Java developer looking for JDK Downloads?
Download Java for Windows
Java software for your computer, or the Java Runtime Environment, is also ...
Java Downloads for Linux
Manual Java download page for Linux. Get the latest version of the Java ...
Java Downloads for All ...
Java allows you to play online games, chat with people around ...
Programming language
Java is a programming language and computing platform first released by Sun ...
More results from java.com »
Java (programming language) - Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Java_(programming_l...
Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.
Developer: Oracle Corporation
Designed by: James Gosling
First appeared: May 23, 1995; 26 years ago
Stable release: Java SE 17 / 14 September 20...
People also ask
What Java is used for?
What exactly is Java?
Is Java hard to learn?
Is Java required for PC?
Feedback
Java Tutorial - W3Schoolshttps://www.w3schools.com › java
Java is a popular programming language. Java is used to develop mobile apps, web apps, desktop apps, games and much more. Start learning Java now » ...
Java Software | Oraclehttps://www.oracle.com › java
Java is the #1 programming language and development platform. It reduces costs, shortens development timeframes, drives innovation, and improves application ...
The Java™ Tutorials - Oracle Help Centerhttps://docs.oracle.com › javase › tutorial
15-Nov-2021 — The Java Tutorials are practical guides for programmers who want to use the Java programming language to create applications. They include ...
Learn Java | Codecademyhttps://www.codecademy.com › learn › learn-java
Java is among the most popular programming languages out there, mainly because of how versatile and compatible it is. Java can be used for a large number of ...
Java Beans are reusable software components that can be manipulated visually in an IDE. A Java Bean must have a no-argument constructor, implement accessor methods for properties rather than using public fields, and allow for introspection. Introspection allows tools to analyze a bean's capabilities through naming conventions or an additional class. Properties, events, and methods follow common design patterns to identify their signatures and behaviors. Persistence allows a bean's configuration to be saved and restored by serializing the object.
This document provides an introduction to creating and using classes in C#. Key points covered include defining classes with fields, methods, and constructors; using accessibility modifiers like public and private; calling methods and using the this keyword; creating static methods; and using listboxes, comboboxes, and events for selection changes. Examples are provided for defining classes, constructors, static and instance methods, and populating and accessing selection properties of list and combo boxes.
The document discusses various object-oriented programming concepts in C++ like classes, objects, member functions, data members, constructors, destructors, friend functions, and namespaces. It provides examples of defining classes with data members and member functions, declaring objects of a class, and using constructors and destructors. It also explains concepts like overloaded constructors, copy constructors, nested classes, dynamic initialization of objects, and friend functions.
This document discusses various concepts related to classes and objects in C++, including member functions, data members, constructors, destructors, friend functions, and nested classes. It provides examples of defining member functions inside and outside the class, different access specifiers for data members, examples of friend functions and classes, returning objects from functions, arrays of objects, and nested classes. It also discusses constructors in more detail, including overloaded constructors, copy constructors, dynamic initialization of objects, constructors for primitive types, and constructors with default arguments.
This document provides information about various concepts related to classes in C++, including defining a class, creating objects, special member functions like constructors and destructors, implementing class methods, accessing class members, and class abstraction. It defines a Circle class with private data member radius and public member functions to set and get radius and calculate diameter, area, and circumference. It demonstrates defining member functions inside and outside the class and using operators like dot and arrow to access class members.
The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts like inheritance, base classes, derived classes, and access specifiers. It defines inheritance as enabling the creation of generalized classes that more specialized derived classes can extend from, establishing an "is-a" relationship. It also explains how access specifiers like public, private, and protected determine whether members of a base class are accessible to its derived classes.
The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts like inheritance, base classes, derived classes, and access specifiers. It defines inheritance as enabling the creation of generalized classes that more specialized derived classes can extend from, establishing an "is-a" relationship. It also explains how access specifiers like public, private, and protected determine whether members of a base class are accessible to its derived classes.
To learn about the basic concepts of Object Oriented Programming and Inheritance plus different Inheritance Models and interview questions will be covered.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts in Java, including classes, objects, variables, methods, constructors, abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It defines classes and objects, and describes how classes act as blueprints for objects. It explains the syntax for defining classes and class members like variables and methods. It also covers method overloading, different types of methods, and how constructors are used to initialize objects. The document concludes with brief explanations of abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism as fundamental principles of object-oriented design.
This document discusses the concept of inheritance in object-oriented programming using Java. It defines inheritance as a fundamental OOP concept where a subclass inherits attributes and behaviors from its superclass. The document explains that in Java, inheritance is declared using the "extends" keyword, and all classes implicitly inherit from the Object class. It provides an example of an Employee class inheriting from a Person class to demonstrate inherited attributes, methods, and the superclass-subclass relationship.
Vector is a dynamic data structure that allows its size to be changed. It can dynamically shrink or grow as needed. A vector class is part of the java.util package. A data element can be inserted into or removed from any location of a vector with a single method invocation. The elements of a vector must be objects and cannot be primitive types. A Vector provides methods to manage the list of objects it contains. A Vector is similar to an ArrayList but Vector methods are synchronized for thread safety.
The document discusses using Internet of Things (IoT) technology for smart agriculture. It provides an overview of IoT and how devices can communicate over a network without human interaction. It then discusses how microcontrollers like Arduino can be used to interface with sensors and actuators to monitor and control the physical environment for applications like smart farming. The document provides examples of using sensors to collect environmental data and controlling devices like motors and lights through a microcontroller.
An Overview of eZee Burrp! (Philus Limited)Atit Patumvan
1) Philus Limited produces restaurant management software called eZee BurrP! which provides a point of sale system, digital menus, and customer feedback system to help restaurants improve operations and customer experience.
2) The software allows restaurants to manage reservations, inventory, sales reporting, payroll and integrate with third parties. It also provides digital menus for customers to view and order from tablets.
3) The customer feedback system allows restaurants to collect surveys and reviews from customers through various methods to build customer loyalty and engagement. It also manages multi-location restaurant chains from one system.
แบบฝึกหัดวิชา Theory of Computation ชุดที่ 1 เซ็ตAtit Patumvan
This document contains an example practice set on sets. It includes questions to determine if elements are members of sets, to find the power set, subset, union, intersection and complement of various sets. Sets are defined using notation such as intervals of integers and set builder notation. Students are asked to write out the elements of sets resulting from operations on the given sets.
Media literacy provides a framework for accessing, analyzing, evaluating, and creating various messages from print to video to the internet. It builds an understanding of media's role in society and teaches important inquiry and self-expression skills for citizens of a democracy. Social media literacy involves having the proficiency to communicate appropriately and responsibly on social networks, and to critically evaluate online conversations. It includes skills like impression management, monitoring one's online reputation, thinking critically about content, having responsible conversations, managing one's social media presence, and managing information and technology.
The document discusses performance measures for total quality management. It outlines several objectives of establishing performance measures such as establishing baselines, determining process improvements needed, and comparing goals to actual performance. Several criteria for effective performance measures are listed, including being simple, relevant to customers, and enabling improvement. Examples of performance measures are provided for strategies involving quality, cost, flexibility, reliability, and innovation. Methods for presenting performance measures like time series graphs and control charts are also mentioned.
This document discusses principles of customer-supplier relationships in total quality management, including partnering, sourcing, supplier selection, supplier rating, and relationship development. The key points are that customers and suppliers should have long-term commitments based on trust and shared visions, methods for evaluating quality and supplier performance are important, and close collaboration through inspection, training, and team approaches helps develop strong relationships.
The document discusses various methods for continuous process improvement, including Juran's Trilogy, the DPSA cycle, Kaizen, and Six Sigma. It describes Juran's Trilogy as a systematic approach involving quality planning, control, and improvement. The DPSA cycle is a method for testing changes through planning, doing, studying, and acting on the results. Kaizen focuses on small, incremental changes to minimize waste and promote continuous improvement. Six Sigma provides a scientific, data-driven approach to process improvement and achieving significant financial results.
This document provides an introduction to Java EE (J2EE) including:
- An overview of the Model View Controller (MVC) design pattern and its core elements.
- A definition of Java EE as an open, standard platform for developing and deploying n-tier, web-enabled enterprise applications.
- An explanation of what comprises Java EE including specifications, implementations, compatibility testing, and more.
This document discusses various aspects of employee involvement in total quality management, including motivation, surveys, empowerment, teams, suggestion systems, and performance appraisal. It describes how understanding employee motivations and establishing clear goals can increase motivation. It also outlines different types of teams, characteristics of successful teams, and the stages of team development. Suggestion systems and performance appraisal are discussed as well.
The document discusses key aspects of customer satisfaction and quality management. It defines internal and external customers and explains how customer perception is influenced by factors like performance, features, service, price and reputation. The document also outlines methods for obtaining customer feedback, using customer complaints to improve, and translating customer needs into requirements. Customer retention is identified as an important goal.
The document discusses key aspects of leadership for Total Quality Management. It defines characteristics of quality leaders as emphasizing customers, prevention, collaboration and coaching. It also outlines the 7 Habits of Highly Effective People and Deming's philosophy. The roles of TQM leaders are described as ensuring decisions align with quality statements and participating in quality celebrations. The quality council duties include developing quality policies and plans.
This document provides an introduction to computer programming and programming languages. It discusses what programming is, the history and evolution of programming languages from machine languages to higher-level languages. It describes assembly languages, third-generation languages like Java and C++, fourth-generation languages, and debates the existence of fifth-generation languages. The document also discusses Java in more detail, including its history, editions, features, environment, and common misconceptions. It provides an example of a simple "Hello World" Java program.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
OOP: Class Hierarchies
1. Object-Oriented Programming:
Class Hierarchies
Atit Patumvan
Faculty of Management and Information Sciences
Naresuan University
http://atit.patumvan.com
2. 2
Subclass Definition
public class Person {
public class Person {
+ Person Supper Class
private String name;
-name : String private String name;
-age : int private int age;
private int age;
+toString() : String
public String toString() {
public String toString() {
return "Name: " + name + "nAge: " + age;
return "Name: " + name + "nAge: " + age;
}
}
}
}
+ Employee Sub Class
-salary : long public class Employee extends Person {
public class Employee extends Person {
private long salary;
private long salary;
-subordinates private Manager supervisor;
0..* private Manager supervisor;
}
}
1 import java.util.Vector;
-supervisor
import java.util.Vector;
public class Manager extends Employee {
+ Manager public class Manager extends Employee {
-category : int private int category;
private int category;
private Vector subordinates;
private Vector subordinates;
}
}
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Object-Oriented Programming: Class Hierarchies
3. 3
Class Diagram Mapping
class A {
class A {
A }
}
class B extends A {
class B extends A {
B }
}
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Object-Oriented Programming: Class Hierarchies
4. 4
Class Diagram Mapping
A class A {
class A {
private int id;
private int id;
- id : int
public int getID(){
public int getID(){
+ getID() : int return id;
return id;
}
+ setID(int) : void }
public void setID(int id){
public void setID(int id){
this.id = id;
this.id = id;
}
}
}
}
class B extends A {
class B extends A {
B
}
}
: Tester Class
:
B b = new B();
B b = new B();
b.setID(10);
b.setID(10);
:
:
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Object-Oriented Programming: Class Hierarchies
5. 5
Variable and Method Inheritance
public class Person {
public class Person { + Person
private String name; -name : String
private String name; -age : int
private int age;
private int age;
+toString() : String
public String toString() {
public String toString() {
return "Name: " + getName() + "nAge: " + getAge();
return "Name: " + getName() + "nAge: " + getAge();
}
}
public String getName() { + Employee
public String getName() {
return name;
return name; -salary : long
}
}
public void setName(String name) {
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
this.name = name;
}
}
public int getAge() {
public int getAge() {
return age; Employee emp = new Employee();
return age; Employee emp = new Employee();
}
}
public void setAge(int age) { emp.setName("Alice");
public void setAge(int age) { emp.setName("Alice");
this.age = age; emp.setAge(28);
this.age = age; emp.setAge(28);
}
}
} System.out.println(emp);
} System.out.println(emp);
http://atit.patumvan.com
Object-Oriented Programming: Class Hierarchies
6. 6
Inheritance and Type Hierarchy
+ Person
-name : String
-age : int Employee
+toString() : String
-name : String
-age : int Person
+ Employee
-salary : long Employee
-salary : long
Employee emp = new Employee();
Employee emp = new Employee();
emp.setName("Alice");
emp.setName("Alice");
emp.setAge(28);
emp.setAge(28);
emp.setSalary(15000);
emp.setSalary(15000);
System.out.println(emp);
System.out.println(emp);
http://atit.patumvan.com
Object-Oriented Programming: Class Hierarchies
7. 7
Variable Overriding
+ Person public class Customer extends Person {
public class Customer extends Person {
-name : String
-age : int private String name;
private String name;
+toString() : String
public void showName() {
public void showName() {
System.out.println("Customer: "+getName());
System.out.println("Customer: "+getName());
System.out.println("Person: "+super.getName());
System.out.println("Person: "+super.getName());
}
+ Employee + Customer }
}
-salary : long -name : String }
+showName() : void
Customer c = new Customer();
Customer c = new Customer();
Person p = c;
Person p = c;
c.setName("Bob");
c.setName("Bob");
p.setName("Alice");
p.setName("Alice");
c.showName();
c.showName();
http://atit.patumvan.com
Object-Oriented Programming: Class Hierarchies
8. 8
Method Overriding
public class Employee extends Person {
public class Employee extends Person {
:
:
@Override
@Override
public String toString(){
public String toString(){
return "Name: " + getName() + "nAge: " + getAge() + "nSalary: "+ getSalary();
return "Name: " + getName() + "nAge: " + getAge() + "nSalary: "+ getSalary();
}
}
}
}
+ Person
-name : String Employee emp = new Employee();
Employee emp = new Employee();
-age : int Person per = emp;
Person per = emp;
emp.setName("Alice");
+toString() : String emp.setName("Alice");
emp.setAge(28);
emp.setAge(28);
emp.setSalary(15000);
emp.setSalary(15000);
System.out.println(emp);
System.out.println(emp);
+ Employee System.out.println(per);
System.out.println(per);
-salary : long
+toString() : String
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Object-Oriented Programming: Class Hierarchies
9. 9
Inheritance and Constructors
Constructor are not inherited (and there fore cannot be overridden)
public class Person {
public class Person {
:
:
public Person() {
public Person() {
System.out.println("Instance of Person is created");
System.out.println("Instance of Person is created");
}
}
:
:
}
}
public class Employee extends Person {
public class Employee extends Person {
:
:
public Employee(){
public Employee(){
System.out.println("Instance of Employee is created");
System.out.println("Instance of Employee is created");
}
}
:
:
}
}
Employee emp = new Employee();
Employee emp = new Employee();
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Object-Oriented Programming: Class Hierarchies
10. 10
Inheritance and Constructors(cont.)
public class Person {
public class Person {
:
:
public Person() {
public Person() {
System.out.println("Instance of Person is created");
System.out.println("Instance of Person is created");
}
}
public Person(String name){
public Person(String name){
this.name = name;
this.name = name;
}
}
:
:
}
}
public class Employee extends Person {
public class Employee extends Person {
:
:
public Employee(){
public Employee(){
System.out.println("Instance of Employee is created");
System.out.println("Instance of Employee is created");
}
}
public Employee(String name){
public Employee(String name){
} Employee emp = new Employee("Alice");
} Employee emp = new Employee("Alice");
: System.out.println(emp);
: System.out.println(emp);
}
}
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Object-Oriented Programming: Class Hierarchies
11. 11
Final Class
A final class cannot be subclassed.
public final class Customer extends Person {
public final class Customer extends Person {
private String name;
private String name;
public void showName() {
public void showName() {
System.out.println("Customer: "+getName());
System.out.println("Customer: "+getName());
System.out.println("Person: "+super.getName());
System.out.println("Person: "+super.getName());
}
}
}
}
// Error: VIPCustomer cannot be subclass
// Error: VIPCustomer cannot be subclass
public class VIPCustomer extends Customer{
public class VIPCustomer extends Customer{
}
}
Customer cus = new Customer();
Customer cus = new Customer();
http://atit.patumvan.com
Object-Oriented Programming: Class Hierarchies
12. 12
Abstract Classes, Abstract Methods
● Abstract classes
● Cannot be instantiated
● Cannot be subclassed
● Abstract methods
● Method without code, they are declared but not defined
● Must be defined in some subclass
● Abstract class can have non-abstract methods
● An abstract method must belong to an abstract class
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Object-Oriented Programming: Class Hierarchies
13. 13
Abstract Classes: Example
public abstract class Shape { + Shape
public abstract class Shape {
abstract double area();
abstract double area();
}
} +area() : double
public class Circle extends Shape {
public class Circle extends Shape {
+ Circle
private java.awt.geom.Point2D center;
private java.awt.geom.Point2D center; -center : java.awt.geom.Point2D
private double radius;
private double radius; -radius : double
@Override
@Override
double area() {
double area() {
return Math.PI * radius * radius;
return Math.PI * radius * radius;
}
}
}
}
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Object-Oriented Programming: Class Hierarchies
14. 14
Inherited Abstract Methods
public abstract class Shape {
public abstract class Shape { + Shape
abstract double area();
abstract double area();
}
} +area() : double
//Error: Polygon must be abstract
//Error: Polygon must be abstract
public class Polygon extends Shape{
public class Polygon extends Shape{
}
} + Polygon
public class Triangle extends Polygon {
public class Triangle extends Polygon {
private java.awt.geom.Point2D a, b, c;
private java.awt.geom.Point2D a, b, c;
@Override
@Override + Triangle
double area() {
double area() { -a : java.awt.geom.Point2D
return Math.abs((b.getX() - a.getX()) * (c.getY() - a.getY()) -b : java.awt.geom.Point2D
return Math.abs((b.getX() - a.getX()) * (c.getY() - a.getY()) -c : java.awt.geom.Point2D
- (b.getY() - a.getY()) * (c.getX() - a.getX())) / 2;
- (b.getY() - a.getY()) * (c.getX() - a.getX())) / 2;
}
}
}
}
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Object-Oriented Programming: Class Hierarchies
15. 15
Interface
● Collection of undefined methods and constant values
● Similar to an abstract class where all method are abstract and public,
and all variable are public, static and final
● Subclass a class → implement an interface
● A class may implement several interfaces
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Object-Oriented Programming: Class Hierarchies
16. 16
Using an Interface
interface Shape {
interface Shape {
public double area();
public double area();
public double volume();
public double volume();
}
}
public class Point implements Shape {
public class Point implements Shape {
static int x, y;
static int x, y;
public Point() {
public Point() {
x = 0;
x = 0;
y = 0;
y = 0;
}
}
public double area() {
public double area() {
return 0;
return 0;
}
}
public double volume() {
public double volume() {
return 0;
return 0;
}
}
public static void print() {
public static void print() {
System.out.println("point: " + x + "," + y);
System.out.println("point: " + x + "," + y);
}
}
}
}
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Object-Oriented Programming: Class Hierarchies
17. 17
Polymorphism
● Polymorphic, having multiple behavior
● A polymorphic method results in different actions depending on the
object being referenced
● Also knows as late binding or run-time binding
http://atit.patumvan.com
Object-Oriented Programming: Class Hierarchies
18. 18
Polymorphism Example
public abstract class Shape {
public abstract class Shape { public class Calculator {
abstract double area(); public class Calculator {
abstract double area(); public static double calculateArea(Shape shape){
} public static double calculateArea(Shape shape){
} return shape.area();
return shape.area();
}
public class Circle extends Shape { }
public class Circle extends Shape { }
private double radius; }
private double radius;
@Override
@Override
public double area() {
public double area() {
return Math.PI * getRadius() * getRadius();
return Math.PI * getRadius() * getRadius();
}
}
:
: Circle circle = new Circle();
} Circle circle = new Circle();
} circle.setRadius(5.0);
circle.setRadius(5.0);
public class Rectangle extends Shape { Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle();
public class Rectangle extends Shape { Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle();
private double width; rectangle.setWidth(3.0);
private double width; rectangle.setWidth(3.0);
private double length;
private double length; rectangle.setLength(2.0);
@Override rectangle.setLength(2.0);
@Override
public double area() { System.out.println(Calculator.calculateArea(circle));
public double area() { System.out.println(Calculator.calculateArea(circle));
return width*length;
return width*length; System.out.println(Calculator.calculateArea(rectangle));
} System.out.println(Calculator.calculateArea(rectangle));
}
:
:
}
}
http://atit.patumvan.com
Object-Oriented Programming: Class Hierarchies
19. 19
Inner Class
● It’s possible (and sometimes encouraged!) to define one class within
another.
● This provides another way to group classes that work closely together.
● Inner classes can be “shielded” so that they are unknown to the outside
world.
● Often inner classes are used to hide a class-specific implementation of
an external interface.
● Inner classes can be classified into four types, Static Nested Class or
http://atit.patumvan.com
Interface, Member Classes, Local Classes and Anonymous Class
Object-Oriented Programming: Class Hierarchies
20. 20
Static Nested Class or Interface
class A { class A {
class A { class A {
static class B{ static class B {
static class B{ static class B {
} void print() {
} void print() {
} System.out.println("B");
} System.out.println("B");
}
}
}
interface C{ }
interface C{ void print() {
static class D{ void print() {
static class D{ System.out.println("A");
} System.out.println("A");
} }
} }
} }
}
class E{ public class NestedClassTest1 {
class E{ public class NestedClassTest1 {
static interface F{
static interface F{ public static void main(String[] args) {
} public static void main(String[] args) {
} A a = new A();
} A a = new A();
} a.print(); //A
a.print(); //A
A.B b = new A.B();
interface G{ A.B b = new A.B();
interface G{ b.print(); //B
static interface H{ b.print(); //B
static interface H{ }
} }
} }
} }
}
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Object-Oriented Programming: Class Hierarchies
21. 21
Member Classes
class A { class A {
class A { class A {
class B{ class B {
class B{ class B {
} void print() {
} void print() {
} System.out.println("B");
} System.out.println("B");
}
}
}
}
void print() {
void print() {
System.out.println("A");
System.out.println("A");
}
}
}
}
public class MemberClassTest {
public class MemberClassTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a = new A();
A a = new A();
a.print(); //A
a.print(); //A
A.B b = a.new B();
A.B b = a.new B();
b.print(); //B
b.print(); //B
}
}
}
}
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Object-Oriented Programming: Class Hierarchies
22. 22
Local Classes
Local class is a class defined within a method or branch
class A {
class A {
A() {
A() {
class B {
class B {
B() {
B() {
System.out.println("B");
System.out.println("B");
}
}
}
}
new B();
new B();
}
}
}
}
public class LocalClassTest {
public class LocalClassTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new A(); // B
new A(); // B
}
}
}
}
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Object-Oriented Programming: Class Hierarchies
23. 23
Anonymous Classes
class A {
class A {
int x = 0;
int x = 0;
A(int x) {
A(int x) {
this.x = x;
this.x = x;
}
}
void f() {
void f() {
System.out.println(x);
System.out.println(x);
} public class AnoClassTest2 {
} public class AnoClassTest2 {
}
}
static void caller(A a) {
static void caller(A a) {
public class AnoClassTest1 { a.f();
public class AnoClassTest1 { a.f();
}
}
static void caller(A a) {
static void caller(A a) {
a.f(); public static void main(String[] args) {
a.f(); public static void main(String[] args) {
} caller(new A(1) {
} caller(new A(1) {
void f() {
void f() {
public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(++x);
public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(++x);
caller(new A(1) { }
caller(new A(1) { }
}); });
}); });
} }
} }
} }
} }
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Object-Oriented Programming: Class Hierarchies