One of the first lasers used synthetic ruby as its laser medium- Howev.docx
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One of the first lasers used synthetic ruby as its laser medium.  However, a ruby laser is a three-state laser; its lower laser state is its ground state. Why does that arrangement make the ruby laser relatively inefficient? Hint: page 456 A. It is harder to pump electrons from the ground state to an excited state when there are fewer states. B. Atoms that have just emitted a photon at the laser wavelength can easily re- absorb a photon at the same wavelength because the lower laser state remains occupied by electrons for longer times. C. Electrons cannot emit photons if they shift from an excited state directly to the ground state. D. To make an efficient laser, radiation trapping has to be maximized, and this is done by providing at least four levels for the electrons to occupy. Solution D is the answer as in ruby laser the radiation is not continious due to less levels. in four level laser the continiou sbeam is supplied as second level emission is working when first has stooped. .
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In 1880, Sir Frederick Weld arrived in the Straits Settlements. He began to take personal interest in the development of the Malay States. In the middle of 1881, Weld visited the town of Taiping, in Perak. He found \"the revenue increasing and everything going on excellent well...\" but \"labour for public works and roads and to develop other industries and sources of revenue besides tin-mining,\" he lamented, \"is the great want\". he also reported that:
\"Water supply for Taiping from the hill (Maxwell Hill), the roads to Krian, which will connect Taiping town centre with Province Wellesley, and a rail and tramway from Taiping to the port (Port Weld, which was named after him) are amongst the next most necessary works to be undertaken. the town of Taiping has been much improved since the fire, which took place rather more than a year ago; new streets have been laid out to considerable width, and a better class of houses has been built\"
The construction of the Taiping - Port Weld railway was the beginning of a major transformation altering radically the landscape of the Malay Peninsula. It also brought the first influx of Indians (mainly Tamils) and Ceylonese to Perak. Sir Frederick Weld was in Taiping again in 1883 where he \"inspected everything\". He spent time going down the Port Weld railway line, then in the course of construction, \"on a truck behind the Engine\". He also put into effect plans to build a telegraph line along the road linking Taiping with Province Wellesley. It was nearing completion after which a railway along the same route would be constructed.
.
P5- Use the financial information below to calculate and interpret the.docx
P5. Use the financial information below to calculate and interpret the following ratios:
A) Capital acquisitions ratio.
B) Quality of income ratio.
Solution
A) Capital acquisitions ratio
The capital acquisition ratio reflects the company\'s ability to finance capital expenditures from internal sources. A ratio of less than 1 indicates that capital acquisitions are draining more cash from the business than they are generating revenues.
Capital Acquisition Ratio = (cash flow from operations - dividends) / cash paid for acquisitions.
B) Quality of income ratio
It is a tool to evaluate a business\' earnings performance. The ratio shows the percentage of earnings that have been actualized in cash. A high ratio is desirable because it indicates a large amount of earnings turning into profits.
Quality of income = Cash flow from operating activities / Net income
.
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