The importance of peace and security in creating the proper atmosphere for regional integration in all aspects has been recognized. Nevertheless, the situation in the EAST African region in the recent past has been characterized with security concerns. The EAC has tried its best over the years, but this is done amidst mistrust and suspicion stemming from past experiences that led to the 1977 breakup. Today, the formation of a regional security community is requisite for regional stability. Though defence diplomacy has mentioned to have contributed to security communities elsewhere, in the framework of the EAC, its role has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of defence diplomacy in the creation of the East Africa Security Community.

1. UoN DDIS PGD DEFENCE
EAC DEFENCE DIPLOMACY: THE PATH TO
EA SECURITY COMMUNITY
OMUSE FRANKLINE OYESE
R47/41717/2022
SUPERVISOR: DR. PATRICK M MALUKI

2. BACKGROUND
2
 Peace and sy are important in creating a conducive
atmosphere for regional integration
 The sit in the EA region in the recent past has been
characterized with sy concerns
 This is because of the AS terrorist gp that has conducted
attks in neighbouring states seeking to estb a caliphate
 Youth radicalization also threatens regional sy
 The EAC has tried its best to integrate over the years, but
this has been done amidst mistrust and suspicion stemming
from past experiences that led to the 1977 breakup
06 May 22

3. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
3
 Formation of a regional sy community is a pre-requisite
for regional stability
 Defence diplomacy has been mentioned to have
positively contributed to security communities elsewhere
 It is assumed that def diplomacy has furthered the
political objectives of initiating states and benefitted
individual states in East Africa
 However, little scholarly effort has been committed
towards establishing its contribution to the realization of the
East African Security Community
 Hence the need for this research
06 May 22

4. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
4
 To evaluate defence diplomacy and regional security
nexus in the 21st century?
 To establish the role of defence diplomacy in the
actualisation of the APSA aspirations?
 To analyze the role of defence diplomacy in the
realization of an East Africa Security Community?
06 May 22

5. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
5
 Regional Security Complex Theory is an IR theory
 Proposed by Barry Buzan and Ole Wver in their book
Regions and Power in 2003 - The Structure of Int’l Sy
 Theorists claimed that int’l sy must be considered from a
regional perspective, and that state-to-state relations follow
predictable, geographically concentrated patterns
 Sy coop is critical in a multilateral org like the EAC for
the welfare of all members
06 May 22

6. HYPOTHESIS
6
 H1 1: There is a statistically significant positive
correlation btw Def Diplomacy and Regional Sy in the 21st
century
 H1 2: Participation in Def Diplomacy activities by
African countries has led to the actualization of the APSA
aspirations
 H1 3: The adoption of Def Diplomacy among the EA
states will enhance the realization of an EA Sy Community
06 May 22

7. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
7
 Research Design - Convergent mixed methods design was
adopted
 The qualitative and quantitative data are collected and
analyzed simultaneously or concurrently
 Tgt population - DAs and exchange trg prog DS (10)
 Engage in a no of initiatives to foster inter-state relations
 Maintain good touch with the def institutions including
Colleges where they are stationed at all times
06 May 22

8. SAMPLING PROCEDURE
8
Census approach and purposive sampling technique
A census technique examines all members of a population
using a statistical list analysis approach
The term "population" refers to the total set of data in issue
All members of the tgt population was identified as
respondents
06 May 22

9. DATA COLLECTION
9
 The study collected both primary data and secondary data
 Questionnaires were used to obtain primary data
 Questionnaires contained both qualitative and quantitative
data
 The instrumentation was pilot tested and submitted to
validity and reliability testing data collection process using
10% of the sample size
 The data gathering process was overseen by the researcher
06 May 22

10. VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY
10
 Correctness, truthfulness and significance of findings
 Validity estb by expert opinion of the research supervisor
 Reliability - degree of consistency of results
 Piloted data was entered into SPSS, and reliability
computed using captured data
 Cronbach Alpha coefficient used determine R. index
 A correlation value of >0.7 is regarded acceptable
06 May 22

11. DATAANALYSIS/PRESENTATION
11
 Study handled both qualitative and quantitative data
 Data was evaluated for descriptive and inferential analysis
 SPSS version 25 used to calculate Pearson correlations
 Results presented using charts and tables
 Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis
(narratives) and presented in prose form
06 May 22

12. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
12
 Def diplomacy has contributed positively towards
regional security in the 21st century
 Def diplomacy has a significant role of in the
actualization of the APSA aspirations
 Defence diplomacy has a significant role in the
realization of an EA Sy Community
 Improved Sy trends in EAC over last 5 yrs def diplomacy
06 May 22

13. RECOMMENDATIONS
13
 Sensitization fora to change the state centric perception
 Open discussions to address issues related to historical
mistrusts and suspicions among EAC member States
 EAC member States to ensure that def diplomats directly
engage in the def diplomacy areas
 Review policies that help promote and strengthen the direct
participation of def diplomats in all areas of def diplomacy
 Accountability and transparency in regional leadership
06 May 22

14. REFERENCES
14
 Barston, R.P. Modern Diplomacy, Routledge, (Jan, 2019).
 Bhattacharjee, J. India-Bangladesh defence cooperation:
Coming of age, at last? Issue Briefs and Special reports,
(2018)
 United States Institute of Peace. Security Challenges in
Africa: 2021 and Beyond. (2021)
 USA Department of Defence, U.S. Relations with
Afghanistan, Bilateral Relations Fact Sheet, Bureau of South
and Central Asian Affairs, 2021
06 May 22

15. 15
GUIDANCE
06 May 22