The literature review summarizes 12 papers on the use of olivine sand in concrete. The papers showed that: 1) Olivine sand has good refractory properties and concrete with olivine sand has better fire resistance up to certain temperatures than normal concrete. 2) Replacing silica sand partially with olivine sand in a mix ratio of 70% M-sand and 30% olivine sand resulted in higher compressive strength than other mix ratios. 3) Reducing the particle size of olivine sand can improve the strength and hydraulic properties of weak soils and soils prone to cracking when used in soil stabilization.

1. DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Project Presentation
On
Povas B
1VI20CV007
TSEWANG DOLMA
1VI21CV403
SOHAIL AHMED BANGALORI
1VI20CV008
LAKSHAN NAYAKA O
1VI20CV004
Under The Guidance: Mr. LIKHIT M L
Associate Professor
Vemana Institute Of Technology
“Behaviour of Solid Blocks Using Olivine Sand”

2. INTRODUCTION
Therefore, this study focus on the
partial replacement of River
sand/M-sand with olivine sand as
alternative by which consumption
of silica sand to fume proportion
can be reduced by partially
replacement with olivine sand. Our
project focuses on varying the
proportion of M-sand and olivine
sand (50:50), (60:40), (70:30) in
concrete and evaluating various
properties such as, compressive
strength, split tension and flexural
strength.
Due to Rapid growth of the
construction industry the
demand for the river sand has
exponentially increased due to
which widespread extraction of
river sand contributes to
environmental degradation,
including habitat disruption and
loss of biodiversity
Fig: Olivine Sand
Dept. of Civil Engineering, VEMANA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(2020-2024) 2

3. It’s Found that olivine sand has lower free silica content, good refractory properties. Olivine sand particles
are less durable than other non-silica sands, although it has comparable hardness.
Conclusion and further scope the proposed work focuses on listing some of the possible alternative sources
as moulding materials for production of green sand casting. Moreover, depending on a single source for
casting production can be avoided which gives flexibility for selecting various moulding materials to reduce
the demand for the material. It possible to replace silica sand to some proportion or fullness in the sand
mould. , If the suitable combination of these alternative sources is found, then casting is produced from
standard material and tests to be carried out to confirm the suitability of this alternative material for mould
and core making.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Dept. of Civil Engineering, VEMANA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(2020-2024) 3
Paper Number 01
Paper type OPEN ACCESS
Name of the Publisher IOP Publishing
Year 2020
Authors N. PRABHUSHANKAR , DR. N. BALAJI.
Title Various Alternative Sources for Silica Sand, Binders and Additives in Sand Casting and their Properties – A
Review

4. Olivine and normal concrete samples carried out in studies, at first were exposed to different temperatures 2
hours to remain constant on, 300 ℃, 600 ℃, 900 ℃ temperatures in the heat treatment furnace. When the
samples removed from the furnace were weighed, it’s found that while temperature increased and within the
water evaporated their weight decreased. In ultra sound experiment as the heat rose, conclusions rose, up to
900 ℃ olivine and normal concrete samples showed values close to each other. In pressure resistance
experiment, in normal concrete samples as the heat rose pressure resistance decreased and up to 600 ℃ it
was determined that it lost approximately 70% of resistance. In olivine concretes in contrast to normal
concrete samples, with the heat rise pressure resistance also increased and at 600 ℃ it was determined that
it rose approximately 30% of its resistance. At 900 ℃ both different samples were determined huge loss of
strength.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Dept. of Civil Engineering, VEMANA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(2020-2024) 4
Paper Number 02
Paper type Journal
Name of the Publisher Kilinkarsan
Year 2000
Authors Dr. Şemsettin KILINÇARSLAN, H.Ece PEHLĐVANOĞLU, Fazile PEHLĐVANOĞLU, Aysun SEVEN, Tuba
MOLLA
Title High-Temperature Fire Resistance For Concrete Using Sustainable Building

5. Firstly 3 trial mix proportion were casted namely 50: 50, 60: 40, 70: 30. Cubes of size 150 x 150 x 150 mm were
casted . 6 cubes in total are casted. The compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength tests are
performed at 28th day. The test results revealed that very high early age strength was achieved in all the
proportions, noticeably in 70:30 proportions Hence, the proposed approach can be used to design the preferred
geopolymer concrete. It has been observed that by increasing the M Sand content the strength values tend to
increase. Thus from the compressive strength results of all the specimens, we can see that the specimen with
mix proportion 70:30 gave the desired results. Hence from the results, mix ratio of M sand and Olivine sand is
concluded as exhibiting better compressive strength and hence we suggest mix ratio of M sand 70% and Olivine
sand 30% for higher strength. While comparing to 50% of M sand + 50 of Olivine sand to 70% of M sand +30%
of Olivine sand strength is 30% more than 50% of M sand + 50% of Olivine sand.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Dept. of Civil Engineering, VEMANA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(2020-2024) 5
Paper Number 03
Paper type Journal
Name of the Publisher Research gate
Year July 2021
Authors Dr.S.Kavipriya , M.Sakthivel , S.Elamathi
Title IMPACT OF M SAND AND OLIVINE SAND IN GEO POLYMER CONCRETE AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

6. By investigating the breakage behavior of olivine sand particles using a Los Angeles (LA) Abrasion machine
(description of the LA abrasion is reported in the experimental approach section). We varied the olivine bed mass (up to
3000 g), grinding time (up to 200 mins), number of grinding balls (up to 12), and the weight of the grinding ball (up to
0.441 kg) while keeping the shape of the grinding ball constant as spherical. Our research group (Geomaterials group)
has been working to understand the suitability of using olivine as an environmentally-friendly stabilizer to enhance the
engineering properties of weak soils. One of our findings demonstrated that reducing the olivine particle size could
improve the strength and hydraulic properties of soft clayey soils Another study revealed that reduced olivine particle
size could improve the hydraulic performance of soils prone to cracking.The significance of this study is geared towards
minimizing the inefficiency of the grinding process as optimized operating parameters and product size would be
attained use in soil stabilization projects.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Dept. of Civil Engineering, VEMANA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(2020-2024) 6
Paper Number 04
Paper type Journal
Name of the Publisher Advanced Powder Technology. Volume 33, Issue 2
Year Feb 2022
Authors Endene Emmanuel, Vivi Anggraini, Afshin Asadi.
Title An investigation on the breakage behaviour of olivine sand particles: An attainable region technique

7. In this paper we understand the test performed on mechanical properties of concrete blocks such as
Compressive Strength Test, which measures the block's ability to withstand axial loads. Another key test is
the Flexural Strength Test, assessing the block's resistance to bending forces. The Split Tensile Strength Test
evaluates the tensile strength of concrete by applying a splitting force.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Dept. of Civil Engineering, VEMANA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(2020-2024) 7
Paper Number 05
Paper type Journal
Name of the Publisher Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences
Year 2016.
Authors Mohd. Ahmed, Javed Mallick, Mohd. Abul Hasan.
Title A study of factors affecting the flexural tensile strength of concrete.

8. In this paper we understand when the olivine sand is activated with KOH it aquires the ability to improve
the UCC and shear strength of the soil. In this study the different percentage of olivine sand (o% - 20%) was
added to the soil along with KOH. It was observed that use of 20% olivine in the presence of KOH increase
the strength of soil upto 7.4 Mpa in 90 days
LITERATURE REVIEW
Dept. of Civil Engineering, VEMANA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(2020-2024) 7
Paper Number 06
Paper type Journal
Name of the Publisher Original scientific article
Year 17-12-2022.
Authors Sriram Pradeep Saridhe, Hareesh M, Shanmuga Priya T, Thirumalini Selvaraj
Title Role of olivine aggregate in lime and cement mortars for the sequestration of atmospheric co2

9. In this paper we understand the test performed on mechanical properties of concrete blocks such as
Compressive Strength Test, which measures the block's ability to withstand axial loads. Another key test is
the Flexural Strength Test, assessing the block's resistance to bending forces. The Split Tensile Strength Test
evaluates the tensile strength of concrete by applying a splitting force.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Dept. of Civil Engineering, VEMANA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(2020-2024) 7
Paper Number 07
Paper type Journal
Name of the Publisher School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, EN 420, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
Year 2021
Authors Mercy Achang , Mileva Radonjic .
Title Adding olivine micro particles to Portland cement based wellbore cement slurry as a sacrificial material: A quest
for the solution in mitigating corrosion of wellbore cement

10. In this paper we understand the test performed on mechanical properties of concrete blocks such as
Compressive Strength Test, which measures the block's ability to withstand axial loads. Another key test is
the Flexural Strength Test, assessing the block's resistance to bending forces. The Split Tensile Strength Test
evaluates the tensile strength of concrete by applying a splitting force.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Dept. of Civil Engineering, VEMANA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(2020-2024) 7
Paper Number 08
Paper type Journal
Name of the Publisher International Conference on Engineering, Natural and Applied Science 2021 (ICENAS'21)
Year November 2021
Authors Yakup Önal, Mitat Öztürk, Gökhan Altay, Ahmet Beycioglu.
Title Load-displacement behavior of serpentine and olivine obtained as waste from the mines

11. In this paper we understand the test performed on mechanical properties of concrete blocks such as
Compressive Strength Test, which measures the block's ability to withstand axial loads. Another key test is
the Flexural Strength Test, assessing the block's resistance to bending forces. The Split Tensile Strength Test
evaluates the tensile strength of concrete by applying a splitting force.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Dept. of Civil Engineering, VEMANA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(2020-2024) 7
Paper Number 09
Paper type Journal
Name of the Publisher International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering
Year April 2017
Authors Shahram Pourakbar, Mohammad Hamed Fasihnikoutalab, Richard James Ball, Bujang B. K. Huat.
Title The Effect of Olivine Content and Curing Time on the Strength of Treated Soil in Presence of Potassium
Hydroxide

12. In this paper we understand the test performed on mechanical properties of concrete blocks such as
Compressive Strength Test, which measures the block's ability to withstand axial loads. Another key test is
the Flexural Strength Test, assessing the block's resistance to bending forces. The Split Tensile Strength Test
evaluates the tensile strength of concrete by applying a splitting force.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Dept. of Civil Engineering, VEMANA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(2020-2024) 7
Paper Number 10
Paper type Journal
Name of the Publisher Minerals
Year 7 December 2020
Authors Endene Emmanuel , Vivi Anggraini , Agusril Syamsir , Suvash Chandra Paul and Afshin Asadi.
Title Attainable Region Approach in Analyzing the Breakage Behavior of a Bed of Olivine Sand Particles: Optimizing
Impact Energy and Particle Size.

13. In this paper we understand the test performed on mechanical properties of concrete blocks such as
Compressive Strength Test, which measures the block's ability to withstand axial loads. Another key test is
the Flexural Strength Test, assessing the block's resistance to bending forces. The Split Tensile Strength Test
evaluates the tensile strength of concrete by applying a splitting force.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Dept. of Civil Engineering, VEMANA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(2020-2024) 7
Paper Number 11
Paper type Journal
Name of the Publisher GRC Transactions
Year 2021
Authors Yunxing Lua , Mileva Radonjicb , Dustin Crandallc , Andrew P. Bunger.
Title Evidence for Self-restoration of Olivine Based Cement Under Geothermal conditions: Olivine Micro-aggregate as
Mitigation to Portland Cement Acidic Attack

14. In this paper we understand the test performed on mechanical properties of concrete blocks such as
Compressive Strength Test, which measures the block's ability to withstand axial loads. Another key test is
the Flexural Strength Test, assessing the block's resistance to bending forces. The Split Tensile Strength Test
evaluates the tensile strength of concrete by applying a splitting force.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Dept. of Civil Engineering, VEMANA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(2020-2024) 7
Paper Number 12
Paper type Journal
Name of the Publisher Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
Year 6 November 2015
Authors Mohammad Hamed Fasihnikoutalab, Afshin Asadi, Bujang Kim Huat, Paul Westgate, Richard J. Ball, Shahram
Pourakba
Title Laboratory-scale model of carbon dioxide deposition for soil stabilisation

15. LITERATURE REVIEW
REFERENCES
1. N. PRABHUSHANKAR , DR. N. BALAJI, Various Alternative Sources for Silica Sand, Binders and
Additives in Sand Casting and their Properties – A Review
2. Dr. Şemsettin KILINÇARSLAN, H.Ece PEHLĐVANOĞLU, Fazile PEHLĐVANOĞLU, Aysun SEVEN,
Tuba MOLLA, High-Temperature Fire Resistance For Concrete Using Sustainable Building
3. Dr.S.Kavipriya , M.Sakthivel , S.Elamathi, IMPACT OF M SAND AND OLIVINE SAND IN GEO POLYMER
CONCRETE AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
4. Endene Emmanuel, Vivi Anggraini, Afshin Asadi. An investigation on the breakage behaviour of olivine sand
particles: An attainable region technique.
5. Mohd. Ahmed, Javed Mallick, Mohd. Abul Hasan. A study of factors affecting the flexural tensile
strength of concrete.
Dept. of Civil Engineering, VEMANA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(2020-2024) 8

16. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE
• Study shows the various alternative soruces of silica sand and their properties
• Study shows that olivine has a good refractary properties hence concrete with olivine sand has a better
fire resistance upto a certain temperature when compered normal concrete
• Study shows the mix ratio of 70% M sand and 30% olivine sand has better compressive strength
when compared to other mix ratios
• Study shows that by reducing olivine particle size the strength and hydraulic performance of soil
prone to cracking can be improved in stabilized mud blocks.
Dept. of Civil Engineering, VEMANA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(2020-2024) 9