OLED displays provide growth opportunities from innovations like flexible and foldable screens, new form factors, transparent displays, and improved color performance. However, OLED technology is difficult and costly, taking Samsung over 10 years to reach near-cost parity with LCD. While recent moves by Apple will drive significant new OLED capacity investments, a complete conversion from LCD to OLED is unlikely due to the immense costs involved and because major display makers own both LCD and OLED fabs. Overall, OLED adoption will be modest rather than a full replacement of LCD.
Semiconductor chips power technologies to enrich people's lives by assisting several businesses in running faster, smarter, and with increased operational efficiencies.
Social Media Analysis Report - VideoconSimplify360
Purpose of this Report
1. What customers are talking about Videocon brand on social media?
2. Are customers satisfied with the brand?
3. Which segment of Videocon is more prominent on social media?
4. What are key drivers of Customer Dissatisfaction about Videocon products?
5. How is the social media presence of Videocon brand compared to its competitors?
6. How competitors are engaging with their customers on social media?
Organic Thin Film Transistor 2016: Flexible Displays and Other Applications 2...Yole Developpement
Are OTFTs ready to disrupt the display industry and enable fully-flexible devices?
ORGANIC TFTS ARE ENTERING THE FAB BY THE BACK DOOR
When trying to build a flexible display panel, the Thin Film Transistor (TFT) matrix is one of the most challenging and fragile functional layers.
Interest in OTFT emerged in the mid-2000s when mobility reached values similar to amorphous silicon (a-Si), the dominant display backplane technology. This triggered a flurry of activity at leading display manufacturers, and prototypes rapidly emerged. Besides fast-improving electrical performance, OTFT’s intrinsic flexibility made the technology ideal for the realization of flexible displays. In 2007, the first ever flexible AMOLED panel was demonstrated by Sony and featured an organic TFT.
However, interest waned as performance and homogeneity issues persisted, and other TFT technologies like LTPS and metal oxide emerged.
Nevertheless, organic semiconductor companies kept perfecting their molecules and ink formulations, gaining a better understanding of the interaction between the materials, the transistor structure, and the manufacturing process. Consequently, performance in the lab improved by another order of magnitude. Combined with the explosive growth of flexible displays and the promise of a cost-efficient, solution-based manufacturing process, interest in OTFT has renewed.
Panel makers remain cautious, but a handful in Taiwan and China are currently attempting to retrofit older Gen 2.5 - 4.5 fabs with OTFT. These first attempts to move OTFT into mass production will be critical for the technology’s future. Failure in these initial industrialization attempts could be fatal for the OTFT industry, or, at the very least, set it back many years. However, if OTFT proves that it can be mass produced and enables panel makers to revive those obsolete fabs with high-margin flexible displays, there are no fundamental barriers prohibiting the technology from being quickly scaled up to fabs Gen 8 or above, and possibly challenge the vast market for traditional a-Si based panels like LCD TV, monitors, etc. In the long-term, because they are inherently solution-processable, OTFTs are also an ideal backplane candidate for additive manufacturing and fully printed displays.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
OLED for Lighting - Technology, Industry and Market Trends 2016 Report by Yol...Yole Developpement
THE FUTURE OF OLED LIGHTING COULD BE BRIGHT IF…
OLED revenues are mainly driven by display applications, e.g. smartphones, but the industry has also been trying to target lighting applications for several years, based on the technology specifics in terms of design or form factor and efficiency. On this new battleground, OLEDs are competing with LED technology, which has already paved the way with a revolution in Solid State Lighting (SSL) drawing attention away from OLED over the last 10 years. Added to that, the high cost of OLED technology is not making market penetration easier, current low efficacy is slowing adoption and the advantages claimed by OLED lighting companies are not necessarily perceived by the customers. OLEDs will therefore have to find niche or “spark” markets to develop production scale momentum and create a marketing window allowing them to demonstrate the advantages and possibilities of the technology to customers.
Semiconductor chips power technologies to enrich people's lives by assisting several businesses in running faster, smarter, and with increased operational efficiencies.
Social Media Analysis Report - VideoconSimplify360
Purpose of this Report
1. What customers are talking about Videocon brand on social media?
2. Are customers satisfied with the brand?
3. Which segment of Videocon is more prominent on social media?
4. What are key drivers of Customer Dissatisfaction about Videocon products?
5. How is the social media presence of Videocon brand compared to its competitors?
6. How competitors are engaging with their customers on social media?
Organic Thin Film Transistor 2016: Flexible Displays and Other Applications 2...Yole Developpement
Are OTFTs ready to disrupt the display industry and enable fully-flexible devices?
ORGANIC TFTS ARE ENTERING THE FAB BY THE BACK DOOR
When trying to build a flexible display panel, the Thin Film Transistor (TFT) matrix is one of the most challenging and fragile functional layers.
Interest in OTFT emerged in the mid-2000s when mobility reached values similar to amorphous silicon (a-Si), the dominant display backplane technology. This triggered a flurry of activity at leading display manufacturers, and prototypes rapidly emerged. Besides fast-improving electrical performance, OTFT’s intrinsic flexibility made the technology ideal for the realization of flexible displays. In 2007, the first ever flexible AMOLED panel was demonstrated by Sony and featured an organic TFT.
However, interest waned as performance and homogeneity issues persisted, and other TFT technologies like LTPS and metal oxide emerged.
Nevertheless, organic semiconductor companies kept perfecting their molecules and ink formulations, gaining a better understanding of the interaction between the materials, the transistor structure, and the manufacturing process. Consequently, performance in the lab improved by another order of magnitude. Combined with the explosive growth of flexible displays and the promise of a cost-efficient, solution-based manufacturing process, interest in OTFT has renewed.
Panel makers remain cautious, but a handful in Taiwan and China are currently attempting to retrofit older Gen 2.5 - 4.5 fabs with OTFT. These first attempts to move OTFT into mass production will be critical for the technology’s future. Failure in these initial industrialization attempts could be fatal for the OTFT industry, or, at the very least, set it back many years. However, if OTFT proves that it can be mass produced and enables panel makers to revive those obsolete fabs with high-margin flexible displays, there are no fundamental barriers prohibiting the technology from being quickly scaled up to fabs Gen 8 or above, and possibly challenge the vast market for traditional a-Si based panels like LCD TV, monitors, etc. In the long-term, because they are inherently solution-processable, OTFTs are also an ideal backplane candidate for additive manufacturing and fully printed displays.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
OLED for Lighting - Technology, Industry and Market Trends 2016 Report by Yol...Yole Developpement
THE FUTURE OF OLED LIGHTING COULD BE BRIGHT IF…
OLED revenues are mainly driven by display applications, e.g. smartphones, but the industry has also been trying to target lighting applications for several years, based on the technology specifics in terms of design or form factor and efficiency. On this new battleground, OLEDs are competing with LED technology, which has already paved the way with a revolution in Solid State Lighting (SSL) drawing attention away from OLED over the last 10 years. Added to that, the high cost of OLED technology is not making market penetration easier, current low efficacy is slowing adoption and the advantages claimed by OLED lighting companies are not necessarily perceived by the customers. OLEDs will therefore have to find niche or “spark” markets to develop production scale momentum and create a marketing window allowing them to demonstrate the advantages and possibilities of the technology to customers.
Active matrix organic light emitting diode
(AMOLED) displays are considerably attractive for high
brightness, high efficiency and fast response time. Active
matrix employing thin Film Transistors (TFTs) allows
OLED displays to be larger in size, higher in resolution
and lower in power consumption than passive matrix.
Especially, low temperature polycrystalline silicon
(LTPS) TFT employing excimer laser annealing (ELA) is
widely used due to high mobility and high stability. A
number of TFT active matrix pixel circuits have been
developed in order to compensate for TFT parameter
variations due to the fluctuation of excimer laser energy.
We discuss various compensation schemes of LTPS TFT
pixel circuits.
Keywords: AMOLED; poly-Si TFT; pixel
CES 2017 - TV Sony OLED, 4K, HDR avec la technologie Acoustic SurfaceMickaël Ficarrotta
Précurseur en 2008 de la technologie OLED, Sony a préféré se concentrer sur les téléviseurs LCD et LED. LG avait alors pris le pari du OLED et demeure, aujourd'hui, le seul fabriquand de dalle OLED.
Pourtant, au CES 2017, Sony surprend tout le monde en présentant une télévision OLED, 4K et HDR.
De plus, la Bravia XBR - A1E présente une nouvelle technologie.
En effet, on ne remarque aucun haut-parleur sur ce téléviseur. Et pour cause, Sony fait appel à une nouvelle technologie, baptisée Acoustic Surface. Grâce à elle, le son est directement émis par l'écran via une technique de résonance.
Organic Light Emitting Diode works on the same principle as that of a Light emitting Diode which is Electroluminescence.
Which is a result of radiative recombination of Electrons and holes in any Semiconductor Material. These organic LEDs can be classified on several basis such as on the basis of matrix control, on the basis of type of materials used, on the basis of direction in which light exits the surface of OLED,And there several other type of OLEDs such as foldable OLED, Transparent OLED etc.
There are also many methods of manufacturing OLEDs most used of which are inkjet printing and vapor phase deposition etc.
Then finally comes the applications and advantages of this technique. As like LEDs, OLEDs also have a wide area of applications such as in VDUs, PDAs, handheld devices (Like mobile Phones, handheld Gaming consoles), and its future uses include wearable electronics. But as the coin have 2 faces so this technique also have some drawbacks like it is not waterproof and few more which include life time of the device and others.
LCDs – a high hurdle for new large display technologies (A Deep Dive into Mer...Merck
LCDs – a high hurdle for new large display technologies
Thomas Kietzke (Director Strategy and Market Intelligence)
Additional info: http://www.merckgroup.com/en/investors/information_day_LC_OLED.html
Since TFT LCD display technology dethroned CRT (cathode ray tube) technology in the late 2000s, it has dominated the display market for over two decades. However, this year will be a tipping point for display technology; a shift from traditional TFT LCDs to up-and-coming AMOLEDs.
OLED and Merck’s respective position (A Deep Dive into Merck's LC & OLED Busi...Merck
OLED and Merck’s respective position
Udo Heider (Vice President OLED)
Additional info: http://www.merckgroup.com/en/investors/information_day_LC_OLED.html
Markets and Opportunities for Transparent Displays: 2014 to 2021 Chapter 1n-tech Research
NanoMarkets believes that the market for transparent displays is about to expand dramatically. “Smart glasses,” such as Google Glass and Augmented Reality (AR) applications have focused attention on displays that can simultaneously display information and function as windows on the real world.
Display firms have begun to respond to these major trends with novel types of transparent displays. To do so they have had to invent new technologies. Transparent TFTs are especially challenging, with the most likely material solution being ZnO, though other options are possible. Hiding backlighting in transparent LCDs is also an issue, creating opportunities for transparent OLED displays; but these have their own challenges too.
In this report, NanoMarkets identifies where the revenues will be generated by transparent displays over the next eight years. In addition to leading edge applications such as smart glasses and AR, this report also considers near-term applications for transparent displays in more mundane applications such as retail and automotive.
This report is designed to be a guide to how transparent displays will be commercialized and provides both a roadmap to how the transparent display market will evolve and an assessment of the latest transparent display technology.
And in addition to granular eight-year forecasts of the transparent display market, this report also discusses the product/market strategies of transparent display makers, both large and small.
Sapphire Applications & Market: from LED to Consumer Electronic August 2014 2...Yole Developpement
Apple saved the sapphire industry in 2013 and could transform it in 2014.
Will the revolution happen?
WHAT’S NEW COMPARED TO LAST EDITION?
Updated analysis of new consumer electronic applications: smart watches, camera lens and fingerprint reader covers, and display cover
New application: sapphire as a packaging substrates for LED filaments.
Updated analysis of the GTAT/Apple partnership: display cover manufacturing cost modeling, supply chain capacity analysis, yield impacts and paths to cost reduction
Apple sapphire patent analysis
Recent sapphire substrates price trends
Updated supply and demand analysis.
Recent news
APPLE SAVED THE SAPPHIRE INDUSTRY IN 2013…
The sapphire industry recently ended a long period of depressed pricing and achieved US$936 million in revenue for wafer products in 2013. Recovery was helped by an increase in LED demand due to accelerating adoption in general lighting and a resilient LCD backlight market. But the saving grace was new consumer electronic (CE) applications: camera lens and fingerprint reader covers, mostly driven by Apple in 2013. Adoption at other vendors is progressing at a slower pace than anticipated in 2014. LG even reversed the trend with its flagship cellphone: its G2 model featured a sapphire lens cover but the G3 uses glass. However, we are optimistic for the mid-term with adoption increasing in Taiwan and China. In addition, new applications such as LED filaments could further increase sapphire consumption.
After almost 2 years of losses, the price of sapphire cores increased more than 50% in 2013. In Q2-2014, tier-1 sapphire vendors were finally selling at breakeven prices. However, we expect that prices will decrease again in Q4.
The updated report provides historical price trends and forecasts for cores and wafers, detailed capacity and revenue analysis, rankings and market share, as well as a thorough supply vs. demand analysis.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports/Sapphire-Market-LED-Consumer-Electronic-August-2014-Edition/3/455/
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN LED MANUFACTURING 2016 Presentation by Santosh KUMAR o...Yole Developpement
INTRODUCTION TO YOLE DÉVELOPPEMENT AND LED ACTIVITIES
•LED MARKET OVERVIEW
•RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN LED MANUFACTURING
•2015 STATUs OF THE LED INDUSTRY (AND FUTURE TRENDS)
•CONCLUSION
•APPENDIX-DETAILLED PRESENTATION OF YOLE DEVELOPPEMENT AND LED ACTIVITIES
Sapphire Applications and Market from LED to Consumer Electronics 2014 Report...Yole Developpement
Apple saved the sapphire industry in 2013 and will transform it in 2014. How will the revolution happen?
APPLE SAVED THE SAPPHIRE INDUSTRY IN 2013…
The sapphire industry recently ended an 18 month period of depressed pricing and achieved US$936 million in revenue for wafer products. Recovery was helped by an increase in LED demand due to growing adoption in general lighting and a resilient LCD backlight market. But the saving grace was new consumer electronic (CE) applications: camera lens and fingerprint reader covers, mostly driven by Apple in 2013. Overall, the growth in wafer demand will be enough to justify a capacity increase toward the end of 2014. For the longer term, we analyzed opportunities of alternative LED substrates (GaN and Si) but concluded that sapphire will retain > 90% of the market through 2020.
After almost 2 years of losses, core prices increased by more than 50% in 2013; tier-1 sapphire vendors are finally selling at prices close to breakeven costs. After a short pause, we expect the uptrend to resume through Q2 and Q3. But leading vendors’ interests are not to increase prices above levels that would allow tier-2 competitors to generate a profit as well. We therefore expect prices to stabilize by the end of the year.
Due to strong competition, finishing companies didn’t pass the higher material costs on to their customers. Wafer prices remained stable in 2013 but will go up slightly in Q2-2014. For PSS, which now dominates with 85% penetration rate, prices could increase faster as supply currently falls short of demand in Taiwan. This will continue until leading suppliers increase capacity and emerging players in China ramp up and enter the supply chain later in 2014. Overall, sapphire prices should stabilize by the end of 2014 and start decreasing again in late 2015 as the industry keeps improving its cost structure.
Report’s key features
• Detailed analysis of PSS manufacturing trends and supply chain
• Analysis of new consumer electronic applications: smart watches, camera lens and fingerprint reader covers and display cover
• Analysis of the GTAT / Apple partnership: capacity and revenue analysis, display cover manufacturing cost modeling.
• Detailed analysis of sapphire use for: LED, SOS, Camera lens & fingerprint reader covers, smart watches, display covers.
• Volume & revenue through 2019 for all applications
• Supply / demand, company revenue & capacity rankings
• Diameter and geographic breakdown, MOCVD capacity
• PSS supply chain and manufacturing
• Alternative substrates for LED: requirements, status, key player, cost of ownership modeling, penetration rates
• Detailed analysis of the GTAT-Apple deal: cost, capacity and revenue model
More infromation on http://www.i-micronews.com/reports/Sapphire-Market-LED-Consumer-Electronics/3/422/
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
2. Agenda
n Context
n OLED: Fact and Hype
– Apple’s recent moves
– OLED technology is tricky
– Cost parity: Fact or fiction
n Implications and growth opportunities
2
3. Context
n OLED is now finally in growth mode: finally most of the technical and commercial pieces are in place to
allow the technology to grow
– Moreover Apple has just given OLED a massive push by negotiating contracts for the iPhone to
move to AMOLED from 2018 (if not before)
n But the future of OLED is not the “complete conversion” of LCD to OLED since:
– The industry cannot afford it
– The OLED owners also own LCD fabs
– Greenfield fabs (GF) are economically the same as conversions (once the opportunity cost of lost
production is included) meaning it will be predominantly GF investment to provide OLED growth
(since this allows for new optionality and new equipment)
n That being said, there are a number of innovation levers that do come with OLED that are not there with
LCD
– These may be the drivers for new futures for the display industry. Many of these are untested value
propositions but they do represent new areas of potential product differentiation. Whether these new
areas of product differentiation lead to changes in profit creation is unlikely without a change in
behaviour
n In this presentation we seek to dig down into the truth and hype about OLED and highlight the likely
winners and losers
3
4. Agenda
n Context
n OLED: Fact and Hype
– Apple’s recent moves
– OLED technology is tricky
– Cost parity: Fact or fiction
n Implications and growth opportunities
4
5. 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Small panel OLED capacity ramp (estimate),
k sheets/month Gen 6
Others
LGD
SDC
OLED is currently in growth mode:
5
• After a long gestation period (of more than 20
years), OLED is now really in growth mode
• Apple has pushed the market into a new
round of capacity additions by seeking to
move the iPhone to AMOLED by 2018
• The Chinese display companies will jump
to invest in AMOLED now based on this
indicator of future Apple intent
• Moreover, after two rounds of products in the
market with “flexible” displays, in the Galaxy
EDGE range, there is more consumer
acceptance of some of the innovative value
propositions that OLED can provide
• We believe that equipment, materials and
technology also explain some of the timing:
they have reached a maturity that allow many
players to consider market entry (despite the
fact that OLED remains a tricky technology)
Source: HCL estimates
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Large panel OLED capacity expansion (estimate)
k sheets/month Gen 8 equivalent
Others
SDC
LGD
6. This is one of the biggest bubbles of capacity expansion that we
have seen for a long time:
6
• But we must see this
bubble of capacity
optimism in a fairly
otherwise bleak
picture based on
being at the bottom
of the crystal cycle
• The leaders are
investing now to be
ready for the next
pricing upswing and
the Apple move just
reinforces this
Source: IHS
Property of IHS
7. Apple has fundamentally provided the impetus for this phase of
growth:
7
Source: Berstein
• Up until now around half of the Samsung range of phones has been AMOLED (though a higher portion
of handsets released since the beginning of 2015) and we might expect this to be driven a little higher
• Apple’s conversion (here shown in part or total) almost doubles the demand for small panel OLED
screens
• Apple’s motivations may be several: OLED now really is a comparable product in terms of front of
screen performance to LCD, and OLED opens up the options for future product innovations, that may
include being flexible, but are also thinner and lighter
8. We expect the trickle down of Apple’s move to be far reaching:
8
Potentially makes LTPS LCD
less valuable
Others will also
scramble into OLED
Smaller companies with no
OLED play will be put under
pressure
• There were 6 LTPS Gen 6
fabs planned for China:
expect to see these plans
withdrawn or modified. Apple
purchases 50% of all LTPS
• Current LTPS facilities may
be converted to some degree
to small panel AMOLED
facilities but this conversion
(remove the cell shop and put
in smOLED deposition
instead) is not so
straightforward. Nearly all of
the AMOLED capacity in the
industry has been greenfield
OLED capacity
• The Chinese players had
pulled back on massive
investment announcements
into OLED but we should
expect to see these again
• JDI has already announced
plans to be in the OLED
market by 2017-8
• There have been discussions
on AUO being influenced to
play in the small panel OLED
market also. Expect GVO and
EDO to invest
• Foxconn backing Sharp to
make a play in OLED
• Companies like CPT selling
one fab and closing another.
CPT had been implementing
a strong innovation story,
including work on flexibles
and coatable IGZO
• Not clear on the impact on
Hannstar
• Smaller players in China may
also be put under pressure.
May be some more
consolidation
• Impact on Innolux not yet
clear
Source: HCL based on data from many
sources
9. 0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
% of previous 5 year highest build up % of current installed capacity
% substitution metrics (of the incremental capacity by 2022)
Small panel
Large panel
But let us put this all in context: this is not the complete conversion
to OLED that the OLED converts have always sought after:
9
• We actually envisage an incremental capacity
investment of about 15% of the current TFT-LCD
total to be taken up with OLED by 2022
representing about 30% of the previous period of
the highest speed of capacity investment
• In other words this is a rapid build up of
capacity but not commensurate with the
fastest ramp which was the first part of last
decade
• The true OLED believers have always talked
about an OLED conversion (perhaps similar to
the displacement of CRT by LCD)
• Their beliefs however, have always been
predicated on the notion that an OLED is just like
an LCD and fabs can easily be converted.
Moreover, that OLED is cheaper and simpler. All
of these are fallacies. The capital markets know
this
• OLED conversion will be limited by what the
industry can afford and by portfolio decisions of
leading players
Source: HCL analysis
DisplaySearch
10. 0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
A-Si LTPS LCD OLED
Multiple of the cost of an a-Si fab for other types
new greenfield (equipment + building)
A key part of this story is that the industry cannot afford the
conversion:
10
Source: BizWitz analysis, HCL, IHS
Industry heuristics, LGD analyst call
* a-Si to OLED conversion for Gen 8
• This is our 2014-2015 analysis of the free cash flow of the
Taiwanese LCD industry: cumulatively $15bn down since 2001.
Taiwan at least does not have the money to invest
• And OLED is an expensive technology, at almost 2.5x the cost of
a-Si to implement
Cost of rededication is broadly similar according to LGD*
• IGZO rededication: Array capacity loss of 22-40%
according to LGD. Neutral for CVD, additional equipment
required for PVD. CF capability required is similar as in
LCD
• Replacement of the cell shop with OLED patterning
Expensive and new equipment risk. Likely to lead to line
rebalancing
• LGD believes that this is an 18 month process
• Loss of lost production makes this balanced against green
field cost
11. …and part of the problem is that OLED is a very tricky technology:
11
Backplane
Front plane
Know how needed
Availability of tools
and materials
• One of the reasons that OLED has taken so long is that it is fundamentally a very difficult technology, both in terms of
the backplane technology (where LTPS has challenges in shot-to-shot uniformity of the laser, scalability and cost
issues, while oxide is not much simpler. Moreover the backplane needs multiple transistors to give stable current drive
performance) but also the FMM (or other) patterning technique in the front-plane
• Without an industry standards body to share platforms for tools and materials (and in fact Samsung trying to lock down
its own access to these), learning is much slower for other players
• Moreover, OLED displays now are expected to have integrated touch: this further increases the technical challenge
Source: HCL
*
A-Si LTPS
Oxide based
OLED
LTPS based
OLED
Simple Hard Hard Hard
Simple Simple Hard Hard
Low Mid-High High High
High High Mid Mid
Low Mid-High High HighYield risk*
Comments
LTPS has laser & cost issues;
Oxide has physics challenges
OLED patterning with FMM in
challenging
Learning issues for LTPS, oxide
and patterning
Some of the materials and
tools have been locked down
by Samsung
OLED could have low yields
for new entrants
12. 0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
LTPS LCD AMOLED
Manufacturing cost LTPS LCD vs OLED (estimated)
for capable player, 5 inch FHD, USD
OLED IP
(estimate)
Fixed costs
Module
Cell
Array
While Samsung is now crowing about (near) cost parity with LCD,
we have to remember how long it took to get to this point:
n Samsung have always maintained that
OLED should be cheaper than LCD
– No back-light unit
– Reduced polarisers and optical films
– No CF (if RGB is used)
n Samsung now are touting that they have
finally reached this point and from here on in
then OLED should be cheaper to produce
n However, this has taken Samsung over 10
years to get to this point with a cumulative
> 500m displays: will take others quite some
time to have the same learning experience
both in terms of the patterning of the OLED
layers but also in appropriate circuit design
for LTPS-based OLED
n We believe many serious OLED players may
have to make IP payments that Samsung
may avoid
12
Source: IHS, analysts and HCL
assumptions
13. While the idea of mass conversion might look exciting for some,
what we will see is modest adoption:
n Conversion of the whole small panel industry to OLED would cost around $150-180bn in new
capex
– The industry spends at peak around $12bn per year on capex at most (across small and large
panel) with the bulk very much concentrated in spend from BOE, SDC and LGD
– Would take the industry 15 years to replace just the small panel LCD capacity: that is
assuming that they spent nothing on LCD improvements or large panel at the same time
n And we have this feeling that people will find implementing AMOLED more difficult than they
imagine
– FMM evapouration is an art and Samsung control the IP for some of the pixel games that can
help give apparent higher resolution
– We wonder whether some players will put down the first chunk of capacity only to find that
yield takes longer than they hope to come up
n We do have to remember that the leaders in AMOLED also own LCD fabs: pushing hard on the
conversion only eats the “rest of their lunch” elsewhere. All players will want to optimise their total
portfolios: and up to now only Samsung has been profitable in OLED
13
Source: HCL based on Berstein
assumptions and analysis
14. Agenda
n Context
n OLED: Fact and Hype
– Apples recent moves
– OLED technology is tricky
– Cost parity: Fact or fiction
n Implications and growth opportunities
14
15. OLED provides growth opportunities from 5 new drivers of
innovation:
15
Flexable, foldable,
rollable
Other form factor
innovations
Transparent and mirror
applications
Colour gamut
options battle against
LCD
Stronger performance
trajectory
Source: HCL, Samsung presentation at
OLED summit
1
2
3
4
5
16. Issue 1: Flexibles, foldables and bendables
and new 3D value propositions
n With the Galaxy EDGE phones, the market has seen (and
quite liked) the notions of incremental moves into flexible
displays. The EDGE models have sold at about 1/3 of the
total Galaxy range
n Frankly, not all of the rollable ideas appeal to us as
consumer value propositions, but 3D flexible/conformable
displays for automotive integrated dashboards really make
sense (The BMW picture here goes somewhat in the
direction, but with a conformal OLED so much more would
be possible)
– As the automotive world moves toward autonomous
vehicles that become entertainment pods then flex
OLED could have a big role
n Not all of the innovations are yet clear here, but flexibles,
foldables and bendables provide a new lever of innovation
that is much more strongly delivered with OLED than with
LCD
16
Source: HCL, Samsung, BMW
Our view
17. Issue 2: Other form factor innovations
n However, stronger than 3D/Flex and foldable
innovations are the basic step changes driven by
OLED on PI (Poly Imide)
– Lighter weight
– Less breakable
– Narrower bezels (Display right to the edge as
shown below, this is possible with LTPS LCD as
shown in the picture but also part of the
proposition of OLED)
– Freeform displays (such as the above picture, also
a function of LTPS, but easier to implement in
OLED)
n These basic functions are beginning to be
understood and we think could support OLED
adoption more strongly
17
Source: HCL, LG Display, AUO
Our view
18. Issue 3: Transparent and mirror implementations
n Samsung and LGD have put continued weight into the
notion of transparent OLED and mirror OLED as
potential innovations
n The whole transparent category so far has been a very
weak value proposition, with failed attempts by
Samsung to establish a major new market in retail:
transparent LCDs simply had too many issues with
transparency and colour gamut
n While there may be some new design freedoms for TVs
that might be interesting, overall we find this category to
be not yet proven
18
Source: HCL, Samsung
Our view
19. Issue 4: Colour gamut and role of colour
performance against LCD
n OLED has come from the point of having a distorted
colour space (shifted too much into the green to
accommodate the stronger green emitters) to being a
strong match to LCD
– Integration of QD materials into OLED emitters could
mean further expansion of the colour capabilities of
OLED
n Meanwhile, LCD will not remain stationery: as QD film
implementations improve the colour performance of LCDs
with a drop in film (or light bar) implementations
n Beyond this, Samsung for one are beginning to talk about
the manipulation of colour (say for those that are colour
blind/deficient) to improve those users’ experience
– This is possible with LCD (and QD LCD) too
n Users will benefit from a technology race to improve
colour performance of displays
19
Source: HCL, Samsung presentation
to OLED Summit
Our view
20. Issue 5: Stronger performance trajectory
n Finally, despite our holding a modest view of the conversion of the display industry to OLED, we do
recognise that OLED is already matched (or in places superior) in performance on colour, contrast,
viewing performance and other performance metrics compared to LCD in mass production displays
– However, it is a substantially younger technology
– Theoretically then there is more performance that we can eek out in OLED along many
parameters as we seek to push up display performance
20
Source: HCL, DisplayMate
* This is the gamma for the display divided by
the expected 2.2 gamma
Our view
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
PPI
223
207
306
441
432
577
577
PPI
of
subpixels
188
207
246
355
347
464
464
Brightness
(Nits)
305
289
224
287
351
348
414
Contrast
in
High
Ambient
light
69
61
45
65
78
76
90
Power
efficiency
(W)
2.5
1.8
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.2
1.45
Regularity
of
the
gamma*
1.13
1.18
1.08
1.10
1.10
1.07
1.09
Brightness
decrease
:
Viewing
angle
28%
26%
28%
22%
22%
27%
28%
Performance increase of Galaxy phones in just 6 years (Source: DisplayMate)
21. …but we do have to wonder whether different fixed-variable
economics will lead to deeper losses in the OLED industry:
21
n Samsung are particularly interested in this
OLED game, since they have believed that
the economics of the industry could set up
an industry structure and profits similar to
the DRAM industry
n This will only work if the OLED market can
be maintained in some sort of tight supply
scenario: if the OLED industry moves to
oversupply (as looks likely) then this could
mean pricing down to variable cost
– Pricing down to variable cost for OLED
could mean bigger losses than for LCD
n The question is whether OLED is indeed a
new economic game, or whether established
pricing behaviours of all current firms will
destroy value in OLED as they did in LCD
Source: HCL, BizWitz
22. Winners and losers by areas of technology:
22
Area
Leading display firms
Smaller display
companies
Glass
Polarisers
Drivers
Backlight integrators
Area
Optical films companies
LED companies
Liquid crystal
Plastic substrate
providers
Device makers
Equipment players
• There are only a small number of winners: largely the big display firms, the OLED equipment
companies, the plastic substrate providers
• Many of the companies who supply LCD specific technologies (such as the whole of the backlight
unit, plus polariser makers, LC makers and those LED companies supplying LEDs for display
backlights) will be hit
Source: HCL
23. Winners and losers by company:
23
Impact
SDC
LGD
BOE
Sharp
AUO
Innolux
Corning, Asahi, NEG
Impact
Merck
3M
Coretronic, Heesung,
Forhouse etc
Samsung LED,
LG Innotek
Novatek, Renesas
and Himax
Nitto Denko, LG Chem
BenQ materials, Optimax
Kateeva, AMAT
Tokki, Coherent etc
• The Korean majors and BOE may be among those that have the best opportunity to benefit from OLED.
The Taiwanese LCD majors are perhaps among the weakest positioned. Sharp better positioned through
its deal with Foxconn. The equipment makers will also do well
• Samsung display overall seems to be the winner in this conversion and any of the materials players for
LCD will see some reductions in volumes
Source: HCL
24. Summary
n OLED is now in growth mode: Apple has pushed the technology into prime time, though more of
the pieces are becoming available for others to try to compete
n That being said, this is not the complete conversion option that the OLED camp would like to
advocate despite Samsung crowing about getting to cost parity and Apple’s recent moves
n What it will do is create a short term stampede into OLED, though the longer term picture will
depend on the ability of these OLED newbies to manufacture OLED at appropriate yields and
cost. AMOLED is a difficult technology with challenges at the TFT level (either through the
physics of the interface for oxide or the challenges with laser anneal for LTPS) and the patterning
level (FMM a challenging technology to get right at very high resolution)
n OLED will create winners and losers: The winners will be the small number of display firms that
will succeed in the technology (especially SDC), and the equipment industry in the short term.
Losers will be all of the businesses that support purchased materials for LCD, especially those in
LEDs, optical films etc but also for Corning as TFE replaces the need for another layer of glass
n However, despite this modest conversion outlook, we do have to admit that OLED is important as
it extends and opens new innovation axes for the display industry. An open question is whether
the economic profile of the display industry, which is to destroy value by pricing down to fill fabs
will be any different in OLED than in LCD
24
Source: HCL
25. Our offerings:
25
Growth strategy
• Market entry strategy
• Business unit strategy
• Growth strategies for
new technologies
Performance
improvement
• Product portfolio
management
• Pricing strategy
• Cost reduction
Equipment and Capex
• LCD/OLED factory
capex decisions
• Strategies for
equipment makers
Technology strategy and
technology assessment
• Market and commercial
strategies for new
technology businesses
• Market tracking
services for corporates
monitoring technology
Partnering and alliances
• M&A candidates and
assessments
• Alliance formation
support
• Post merger integration
planning
Professional advisory
and business planning
• Specialist insights for
bankers, equity
investors and other
consultancies
• Reviews of business
plans and models
(Strategic audits)
Sourcing strategy
(Purchasing)
• Sourcing strategies,
especially LCD and
medical detectors
• Make/buy decisions
Strategies for materials
providers
• Strategy support for
materials providers in
the FPD, SSL, and PV
markets
• IP and pricing plans
Source: HCL