a short presentation about the process of oil extraction, the prime oil extraction regions, natural hazard and a few case studies about various oil spills which have occurred in the past and caused a lot of harm to the marine ecosystem, along with wastage of precious oil.

1. Oil Extraction
-Hemani
-Chaitali
-Akshata
-Samruddhi
-Saish
-Prathmesh
-Gulrana

2. 80% of the world’s accessible reserves are in the Middle East.
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Iraq
Qatar
Kuwait

3. By 1949, 11 fields were found in the Gulf of Mexico with 44
exploratory wells.
Compared to today… 3,858 active platforms

4. Foundation of Oil Rig

5. STRUCTURE OF THE RIG

6. Semi-
Submersible
Oil Rig.

7. There are
specific
platforms
that
perform
better in
particular
water
depths.

8. The Process of Extraction of Crude Oil
Step 1:
Locating an Oil Field
oGeologists use seismic surveys to search for
geological structures that may form oil reservoirs.
oThe "classic" method includes making an underground
explosion nearby and observing the seismic response
that provides information about the geological structures
under the ground.
oOther instruments such as gravimeters
and magnetometers are also sometimes used in the
search for petroleum.

9. Step 2: Drilling
• The oil well is created by drilling a long hole into the earth with
an oil rig.
• A steel pipe (casing) is placed in the hole, to provide structural
integrity to the newly drilled well bore.
• At the end of the steel pipe rotating drills is made of hard steel
with sometimes diamonds on its edges
• Holes are then made in the base of the well to enable oil to
pass into the bore.
• Finally a collection of valves called a "Christmas Tree" is fitted
to the top, the valves regulate pressures and control flow.

10. Step 3: Extraction
o When the hole is drilled in the ocean bed or earth surface ,
the oil is finally extracted using tubes and sent to the refinery.

11. Environmental risks

12. Largest Offshore Oil Rig Spills

13. An oil well in the Timor Sea,
off the coast of Western
Australia, began leaking, and
the platform subsequently
caught fire. The well spewed
oil for more than two months,
leaking as much as 2,000
barrels a day (6,216,000
gallons) for 74 days before it
was capped, making it one of
the worst spills in Australian
history.
Montara, Australia, 2009:

14. A tanker hit a rig off the coast of
Iran, and the rig began leaking
1,500 barrels a day. Because Iran
and Iraq were at war, the oil flow
was not stopped, and the platform
was later attacked by Iraqi
warplanes. Later, a second platform
was attacked, and initially spilled
5,000 barrels a day before slowing
to 1,500. Two years passed before
Iran capped the wells, but by then
over 733,000 barrels (30,786,000
gallons) of oil spilled into the
Persian Gulf.
Nowruz oil field, Persian Gulf, 1983:

15. The Deepwater Horizon drilling rig
exploded due to a methane gas
release on April, 20, 2010,
immediately killing 11 and injuring
17 platform workers. On July 15,
2010, the leak was stopped,
however 206 million gallons of oil
had already spilled into the Gulf. In
addition to the oil, more than 1.8
million gallons of dispersant were
released into the Gulf.
Gulf of Mexico, 2010: