Odv oracle customer_demo

18-May-2016
ODV - Oracle Database Vault
Gino D’ Alfonso / Harry Goossens

Program / Agenda
• Overview
• Securing Data using Database Vault
• Auditing
• Exports and Backups

33
Overview
What is Oracle Database Vault ?
• Oracle Database Vault (ODV) was introduced in Oracle 9iR2.
• ODV restricts access to specific areas in an Oracle database from any
user.
• Enables you to apply access control to sensitive data.
• Protect data from super-privileged (like DBA) users but still let them
maintain the Oracle database

44
Overview
Why Oracle Database Vault ?
• Systems with integrity, confidentiality = 3 (IV=3).
• Separation of duties.
• Internal control.
• Reasons like BASEL, SOX, PCI, DSS
• Don’t trust the DBA

66
Overview
• Virtual Private Database (VPD):
Restricts access to certain rows for a user by modifying the WHERE
clause
• Oracle Label Security (OLS):
Mediates access to a given row, based on the label on the row and the
security level of the user
• VPD and OLS restrict access at the row level, whereas Oracle Database
Vault restricts access at the object and command levels.
• Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)
Out of the box, TDE provides (strong) encryption for the database
ODV is integrable with VPD, OLS and TDE

Program / Agenda
• Securing Data using Database Vault

88
Securing Data
Realms (gebieden):
Functional grouping of database schemas, objects, and roles that need to
be secured.
(example: all objects from SCOTT belong to realm RLM_SCOTT)
Command rules:
A special rule that you can create to control how users can execute almost
any SQL statement, including SELECT, ALTER SYSTEM, database
definition language (DDL), and data manipulation language (DML)
statements.
(example: SELECT on SCOTT objects)

99
Securing Data
Factors:
A named variable or attribute, such as a user location, database IP
address, or session user, which Oracle Database Vault can recognize and
secure.
(Example: FAC_HOSTNAME => ‘hostname=‘exdb4002-adm’)
Rule sets:
A collection of one or more rules that you can associate with a realm
authorization, command rule, factor assignment, or secure application
role.
(Example: RST_IS_LASTDAYOFMONTH)
Rules:
Like “WHERE department = [whatever]”
(Example: RUL_DBUSER_ISNOT_GOOSSENSHFM)

1111
Securing Data
connect / as sysdba
create user harry
grant dba to harry;
connect harry
select * from owner_dbt.emp;

1212
Securing Data
connect / as sysdba
create user harry
grant dba to harry;
connect harry
select * from owner_dbt.emp;

1414
Securing Data
The key to Separation of Duties is that no one single ROLE can do everything.
• The DV_OWNER role can only do data security.
• The DV_ACCTMGR role can only create/drop users
A DBA role can do anything EXCEPT data security and create/drop users – and is
subject to any data security setup by the DV_OWNER role.
By default Rabobank does not separate data and
user administration. Both roles (DV_OWNER and
DV_ACCTMGR) are granted to the same user.

1515
Securing Data
$ sqlplus system/********
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Apr 26 14:27:23 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, Oracle Label Security,
OLAP, Data Mining, Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
SYSTEM@OLTB7_1 SQL> SELECT * FROM owner_dbt.emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL
COMM DEPTNO
---------- ------------------------------ --------------------------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---
------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 14-12-2013:00:00:00 800
20
….
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 30-11-2014:00:00:00 3000
20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 20-01-2015:00:00:00 1300
10
14 rows selected.
SYSTEM@OLTB7_1 SQL>

1616
Securing Data
Realm
Secured Objects
(owner_dbt.emp)
Authorizations
One
Many

1717
Securing Data
$ sqlplus system
Connected to:
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, Oracle Label Security,
SYSTEM@OLTB7_1 SQL> select * from owner_dbt.emp;
select * from owner_dbt.emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
SYSTEM@OLTB7_1 SQL> select * from owner_dbt.dept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- ------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
…
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
SYSTEM@OLTB7_1 SQL>

1818
Securing Data
application user
OWNER_DBT
Application server
connects to database as
user user_app_dbt
support users
Support users connect
with individual accounts
with read-only access
user_dbt

1919
Securing Data
grant select insert
update delete
user_app_dbt
owner_dbt_ro_role
user_dbt
grant select
all objects
grant role OWNER_DBT

2020
Securing Data
To create the app user we need the special security account with the dv_acctmgr role
SYSTEM@OLTB7_1 SQL> create user user_app_dbt identified by ******* default tablespace users;
create user user_app_dbt identified by ******** default tablespace users
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-47306: 20006: No way Jose
SYSTEM@OLTB7_1 SQL> connect owner_dvt
Connected.
OWNER_DVT@OLTB7_1 SQL> create user user_app_dbt identified by ******** default tablespace
users;
User created.
OWNER_DVT@OLTB7_1 SQL> grant connect to user_app_dbt;
Grant succeeded.
OWNER_DVT@OLTB7_1 SQL>

2121
Securing Data
Create the RO user and create RO role
OWNER_DVT@OLTB7_1 SQL> create user user_dbt identified by ******** default tablespace users;
User created.
OWNER_DVT@OLTB7_1 SQL> grant connect to user_dbt;
Grant succeeded.
OWNER_DVT@OLTB7_1 SQL>
SYSTEM@OLTB7_1 SQL> create role owner_dbt_ro_role;
Role created.
SYSTEM@OLTB7_1 SQL> grant owner_dbt_ro_role to user_dbt;
Grant succeeded.
SYSTEM@OLTB7_1 SQL>

2222
Securing Data
$ sqlplus owner_dbt/********
Connected to:
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, Oracle Label
Security,
OWNER_DBT@OLTB7_1 SQL> grant select, insert, update, delete on emp to user_app_dbt;
Grant succeeded.
OWNER_DBT@OLTB7_1 SQL> grant select on emp to owner_dbt_ro_role;
Grant succeeded.
OWNER_DBT@OLTB7_1 SQL>

2323
Securing Data
grant select insert
update delete
user_app_dbt
owner_dbt_ro_role
user_dbt
grant select
all objects
grant role OWNER_DBT

2424
Securing Data
USER_DBT@OLTB7_1 SQL> connect user_dbt/********
Connected.
USER_DBT@OLTB7_1 SQL> select count(*) from owner_dbt.emp;
COUNT(*)
----------
14
USER_DBT@OLTB7_1 SQL> delete from owner_dbt.emp;
delete from owner_dbt.emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
READ access granted through “owner_dbt_ro_role”, delete not permitted

2525
Securing Data
SYS@OLTB7_1 SQL> connect user_app_dbt/********
Connected.
USER_APP_DBT@OLTB7_1 SQL> select count(*) from owner_dbt.emp;
COUNT(*)
----------
14
USER_APP_DBT@OLTB7_1 SQL> delete from owner_dbt.emp;
14 rows deleted.
USER_APP_DBT@OLTB7_1 SQL> rollback;
Rollback complete.
USER_APP_DBT@OLTB7_1 SQL>
READ, WRITE, DELETE and UPDATE access granted through “GRANT”

2626
Securing Data
SYSTEM@OLTB7_1 SQL> select count(*) from owner_dbt.emp;
COUNT(*)
----------
14
SYSTEM@OLTB7_1 SQL> delete from owner_dbt.emp;
*
ERROR at line 1:
What the heck is going on, SYSTEM can still SELECT from OWNER_DBT.EMP?
SYSTEM@OLTB7_1 SQL> select * from session_roles where role like 'OWNER%';
ROLE
-----------------
OWNER_DBT_RO_ROLE

2727
Securing Data
ROLE has been created by SYSTEM and because of this is granted access also.
There is a nice solution for this but we keep it simple for now.
SYSTEM@OLTB7_1 SQL> drop role owner_dbt_ro_role;
Role dropped.
SYSTEM@OLTB7_1 SQL> connect owner_dbt/********
Connected.
OWNER_DBT@OLTB7_1 SQL> grant select on emp to user_dbt;
Grant succeeded.
OWNER_DBT@OLTB7_1 SQL> connect system/********
Connected.
SYSTEM@OLTB7_1 SQL> select count(*) from owner_dbt.emp;
select count(*) from owner_dbt.emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
SYSTEM@OLTB7_1 SQL> delete from owner_dbt.emp;
*
ERROR at line 1:

2828
Securing Data
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Apr 28 10:39:25 2016
Connected to:
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, Oracle Label
Security,
SYS@OLTB7_1 SQL> select count(*) from owner_dbt.emp;
*
ERROR at line 1:
SYS@OLTB7_1 SQL> delete from owner_dbt.emp;
*
ERROR at line 1:

2929
Securing Data
SYS@OLTB7_1 SQL> connect user_dbt/********
Connected.
USER_DBT@OLTB7_1 SQL> select count(*) from owner_dbt.emp;
COUNT(*)
----------
14
USER_DBT@OLTB7_1 SQL> delete from owner_dbt.emp;
*
ERROR at line 1:

3030
Securing Data
USER_DBT@OLTB7_1 SQL> connect owner_dvt/********
Connected.
OWNER_DVT@OLTB7_1 SQL> select count(*) from owner_dbt.emp;
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
OWNER_DVT@OLTB7_1 SQL> delete from owner_dbt.emp;
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

3232
Auditing
All actions (failed and/or succeeded) are logged within the database.

3333
Auditing
A trigger on audit table makes sure all violations are also written to OS (root)
Apr 28 09:44:52 exdb1003-adm goossenshfm: CEF:0|ORACLE|database vault|1.0|001|Realm Violation
Audit|10|rt=28-04-2016:09:44:52 fname=3433240261 deviceProcessName=DELETE FROM OWNER_DBT.EMP
duser=SYSTEM suser=goossenshfm cs1=on_fail cs1Label=audit_option cs2= cs2Label=rule_set_name
cs3=RLM_OWNER_DBT cs3Label=action_object_name
Audit|10|rt=28-04-2016:10:11:59 fname=3433240261 deviceProcessName=SELECT COUNT(*) FROM OWNER_DBT.EMP
Audit|10|rt=28-04-2016:10:12:08 fname=3433240261 deviceProcessName=DELETE FROM OWNER_DBT.EMP
Audit|10|rt=28-04-2016:10:39:34 fname=3433240261 deviceProcessName=SELECT COUNT(*) FROM OWNER_DBT.EMP
duser=SYS suser=goossenshfm cs1=on_fail cs1Label=audit_option cs2= cs2Label=rule_set_name
Audit|10|rt=28-04-2016:10:39:39 fname=3433240261 deviceProcessName=DELETE FROM OWNER_DBT.EMP duser=SYS
suser=goossenshfm cs1=on_fail cs1Label=audit_option cs2= cs2Label=rule_set_name cs3=RLM_OWNER_DBT
cs3Label=action_object_name
Audit|10|rt=28-04-2016:10:52:25 fname=3433240261 deviceProcessName=SELECT "OWNER_DBT"."EMP".* FROM
"OWNER_DBT"."EMP" duser=SYSTEM suser=goossenshfm cs1=on_fail cs1Label=audit_option cs2=
cs2Label=rule_set_name cs3=RLM_OWNER_DBT cs3Label=action_object_name
[root@exdb1003-adm oracle_audit]#

3535
Backups
Impact of Backups
• Export
• Data Pump
• RMAN

3636
Backups
Export
….
. about to export OWNER_DBT's tables via Conventional Path ...
. . exporting table AAP 0 rows exported
. . exporting table BONUS 0 rows exported
. . exporting table DEPT 4 rows exported
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
. . exporting table DUMMY 1 rows exported
. . exporting table EMP
EXP-00056: ORACLE error 1031 encountered
. . exporting table MIES 0 rows exported
. . exporting table NOOT 0 rows exported
. . exporting table SALARY 2 rows exported
. . exporting table SALGRADE 5 rows exported
……

3737
Securing Data
Data Pump
….
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/POST_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
ORA-31693: Table data object "OWNER_DBT"."DEPT" failed to load/unload and is being skipped due to error:
ORA-02354: error in exporting/importing data
ORA-28116: insufficient privileges to do direct path access
ORA-31693: Table data object "OWNER_DBT"."DUMMY" failed to load/unload and is being skipped due to error:
ORA-31693: Table data object "OWNER_DBT"."EMP" failed to load/unload and is being skipped due to error:
ORA-31693: Table data object "OWNER_DBT"."SALARY" failed to load/unload and is being skipped due to error:
ORA-31693: Table data object "OWNER_DBT"."SALGRADE" failed to load/unload and is being skipped due to error:
….

3838
Backups
RMAN
• Requires SYSDBA access
• May need to hardcode SYS
password or use wallet
• Works successfully

3939
Backups
• EXP/EXPDP need privileges from
REALM owner. Export files are
non-secured.
• RMAN bacups are block based
and recoverable within another
database (clone/duplicate)

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