Presentation on status of Oceanic Blue Carbon science and knowledge gaps. Presented at the Global Ocean Commission's High Seas Symposium, 12 November 2015.
Ocean acidification is caused by increasing carbon dioxide levels in the oceans due to human emissions since the Industrial Revolution. As CO2 is absorbed by seawater, chemical reactions occur that reduce seawater pH and the concentration of carbonate ions. This process is known as ocean acidification and impacts marine life by making it difficult for calcifying organisms like oysters, corals, and plankton to form their shells and skeletons. While some algae may benefit from higher CO2 levels, most marine species face threats of thinner shells, lower survival rates, and lower population growth under increasingly acidic conditions. Options to mitigate ocean acidification include reducing CO2 emissions, allowing species to adapt or relocate, or developing carbon capture
Ocean Acidification atau Pengasaman samudra adalah salah satu dampak peningkatan gas rumah kaca yang berupa CO2 dimana terjadi penurunan pH perairan akibat semakin banyaknya gas CO2 yang diserap laut/perairan
The oceans are getting acidified! How? Why? What can we do?
For answers... Check the Presentation out
(Just a bit more informative than my previous one)
The document discusses ocean acidification, which is the ongoing decrease in ocean pH caused by absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere. This absorption has lowered ocean pH by 0.1 units since the pre-industrial period. Ocean acidification affects organisms that rely on calcium carbonate to build shells and skeletons, as acidity decreases availability of carbonate ions. It also impacts metabolism, photosynthesis, nutrient absorption and more. Effects vary by ecosystem but tropical coral reefs, polar regions, and deep sea corals are threatened by slowed growth and structural damage if acidification continues unchecked. Mitigation requires reducing CO2 emissions and improving ocean health.
Ocean Acidification: Cause, Impact and mitigationIIT Kanpur
Ocean Acidification and the battle for Carbonate.
In this presentation the points covered are detailed briefing of ocean acidification, its causes, its impact on marine ecosystems and measures to mitigate this.
Ocean acidification is a term used to describe the changes in the chemistry of the Earth’s ocean i.e. ongoing decrease in the pH and increase in acidity caused by the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere causing major problems for the coral reefs and other organisms.
The ocean covers two thirds of the planet and provides half of the oxygen and 20% of the protein for the world's population. However, ocean pollution from human activities is causing problems like ocean acidification. Ocean acidification occurs as the ocean absorbs 25% of the carbon dioxide emitted, which causes the pH of the ocean to decrease as carbon dioxide dissolves in seawater. This chemical change affects over 25% of marine species by decreasing the carbonate ions that many shellfish and corals use to build their shells, putting them at risk of dissolving. To slow ocean acidification and its impacts, carbon dioxide emissions must be reduced.
Ocean acidification is caused by higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere being absorbed by the ocean, which increases the acidity of ocean water over time. The pH of ocean water has dropped from around 8.2 to 8.1 and is projected to decrease by 0.3 to 0.4 units over the next century. As the pH of the ocean decreases, it absorbs more CO2 from the atmosphere. This interacts with water molecules to form carbonic acid, lowering pH further. Additionally, ocean acidification may amplify ocean noise levels by around 10% and extend the range of underwater sounds by about 500 kilometers. This can negatively impact marine species by disrupting communication, increasing stress levels, and potentially causing hearing
Ocean acidification is caused by increasing carbon dioxide levels in the oceans due to human emissions since the Industrial Revolution. As CO2 is absorbed by seawater, chemical reactions occur that reduce seawater pH and the concentration of carbonate ions. This process is known as ocean acidification and impacts marine life by making it difficult for calcifying organisms like oysters, corals, and plankton to form their shells and skeletons. While some algae may benefit from higher CO2 levels, most marine species face threats of thinner shells, lower survival rates, and lower population growth under increasingly acidic conditions. Options to mitigate ocean acidification include reducing CO2 emissions, allowing species to adapt or relocate, or developing carbon capture
Ocean Acidification atau Pengasaman samudra adalah salah satu dampak peningkatan gas rumah kaca yang berupa CO2 dimana terjadi penurunan pH perairan akibat semakin banyaknya gas CO2 yang diserap laut/perairan
The oceans are getting acidified! How? Why? What can we do?
For answers... Check the Presentation out
(Just a bit more informative than my previous one)
The document discusses ocean acidification, which is the ongoing decrease in ocean pH caused by absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere. This absorption has lowered ocean pH by 0.1 units since the pre-industrial period. Ocean acidification affects organisms that rely on calcium carbonate to build shells and skeletons, as acidity decreases availability of carbonate ions. It also impacts metabolism, photosynthesis, nutrient absorption and more. Effects vary by ecosystem but tropical coral reefs, polar regions, and deep sea corals are threatened by slowed growth and structural damage if acidification continues unchecked. Mitigation requires reducing CO2 emissions and improving ocean health.
Ocean Acidification: Cause, Impact and mitigationIIT Kanpur
Ocean Acidification and the battle for Carbonate.
In this presentation the points covered are detailed briefing of ocean acidification, its causes, its impact on marine ecosystems and measures to mitigate this.
Ocean acidification is a term used to describe the changes in the chemistry of the Earth’s ocean i.e. ongoing decrease in the pH and increase in acidity caused by the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere causing major problems for the coral reefs and other organisms.
The ocean covers two thirds of the planet and provides half of the oxygen and 20% of the protein for the world's population. However, ocean pollution from human activities is causing problems like ocean acidification. Ocean acidification occurs as the ocean absorbs 25% of the carbon dioxide emitted, which causes the pH of the ocean to decrease as carbon dioxide dissolves in seawater. This chemical change affects over 25% of marine species by decreasing the carbonate ions that many shellfish and corals use to build their shells, putting them at risk of dissolving. To slow ocean acidification and its impacts, carbon dioxide emissions must be reduced.
Ocean acidification is caused by higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere being absorbed by the ocean, which increases the acidity of ocean water over time. The pH of ocean water has dropped from around 8.2 to 8.1 and is projected to decrease by 0.3 to 0.4 units over the next century. As the pH of the ocean decreases, it absorbs more CO2 from the atmosphere. This interacts with water molecules to form carbonic acid, lowering pH further. Additionally, ocean acidification may amplify ocean noise levels by around 10% and extend the range of underwater sounds by about 500 kilometers. This can negatively impact marine species by disrupting communication, increasing stress levels, and potentially causing hearing
Ocean acidification is caused by carbon dioxide from the atmosphere being absorbed by the oceans, which increases acidity levels. Before a few decades, ocean water was basic but acidity has been rising. This poses threats such as damage to marine life, food webs, and ocean goods/services that rely on calcification. Programs are working to increase awareness and research mitigation strategies, though no large-scale reductions have occurred yet. Individual actions like reducing carbon footprints, planting trees, and minimizing vehicle use can help address the problem.
This is a small presentation on ocean acidification.It is a compilation of all materials(including present information) I collected related to it, any new information beside this or concerning it please comment.
The document discusses the effects of increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere and oceans. It notes that the ocean absorbs one third of excess CO2 in the atmosphere, and that CO2 concentrations have risen from 280 to 387 parts per million currently and are projected to reach 450 to 550 ppm by volume. It also explains that the ocean is becoming more acidic as it absorbs more CO2, with the pH dropping by 0.1 currently and projected to decrease by 0.3 to 0.7 additional units by 2300, putting coral, clams, and plankton at risk.
Ocean Acidification Expert Forum ProgramAmber Rethman
This document provides information about an Ocean Acidification Expert Forum held in February 2015 at the Victoria Conference Centre. It includes the agenda, speaker biographies, and context about ocean acidification. The two-day forum brought together international experts to review research on ocean acidification, identify key research needs for Canada, and establish a way forward for a coordinated Canadian research effort. The goal was to produce a white paper to guide research across sectors within Canada and internationally.
This document discusses how rising temperatures and ocean acidification due to climate change threaten coral reefs by comparing current projections to conditions during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The PETM saw temperatures and CO2 levels exceed today while coral reefs survived but were forced to migrate from mid-latitudes. Similarly, under the "business as usual" RCP 8.5 emissions scenario, coral reefs face high risk of extinction by 2050 due to the current rapid rate of warming, leaving only coral skeletons in algal slime. The Great Barrier Reef will be among the first affected as oceans absorb excess CO2, becoming more acidic and unsuitable for coral growth and survival.
Dr. Francis Chan's 2012-2014 Oregon Sea Grant-supported project, "Understanding, Forecasting and Communicating the Linkages Between Hypoxia and Ocean Acidification in Oregon's Coastal Ocean"
Coral bleaching occurs when coral loses the algae living in its tissue, causing it to turn white. This algae, called zooxanthellae, provides food to the coral and contributes to its color. Increased water temperatures, changes in water chemistry such as acidification, bacteria, sea level rise, herbicides, cyanide fishing, low tides, and shipping accidents can all cause the zooxanthellae to be expelled from the coral, resulting in bleaching. Even small increases in water temperature of 1.5-2°C that last several weeks can trigger bleaching. Bleaching stressed the coral and makes them more vulnerable to disease.
This document discusses the role of oceans as carbon sinks, specifically focusing on "blue carbon" sinks. Blue carbon refers to the carbon captured and stored by coastal ecosystems like mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrasses through biomass and sediments. These ecosystems act as highly efficient carbon sinks, capturing more carbon through photosynthesis than they release and burying carbon in sediments for millennia. Globally, blue carbon sinks are responsible for burying 120-329 teragrams of carbon per year, accounting for over half of carbon buried in marine sediments and ranking among the most intense carbon sinks. Yet coastal ecosystems have been neglected from global carbon cycle accounts.
Potential Impacts of Climate Change and Ocean Acidification for the Future of...CIFOR-ICRAF
The document summarizes various impacts of climate change and ocean acidification on tropical marine ecosystems in Indonesia. It notes that oceans have absorbed over 1/3 of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, leading to ocean acidification, sea level rise, and warming temperatures that affect corals, fish, and other marine life. Studies from Bali show bleaching has killed 60% of corals at one reef and lower pH and higher temperatures reduce coral and algal growth. The document also discusses impacts to blue carbon ecosystems like mangroves and seagrasses, including coastal squeeze from rising seas, changes in hydrology and salinity, and thermal stress. Cumulative impacts are expected to reduce carbon capture and sequestration. Solutions
Coral reefs are commonly found in warm, tropical waters between 20-28 degrees in locations like Hawaii, the Caribbean, and the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. They provide an ecosystem for a variety of plants like algae and sea grasses, and animals including coral, fish, sharks, and crustaceans. Coral reefs are important because they remove carbon dioxide from the water, act as a natural barrier from storms and waves, and are a major tourist attraction that supports the fishing industry through food sources like lobster.
The document discusses coastal resource management and sustainability. It defines coastal resources as the intersection of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, including beaches, coral reefs, mangrove forests, and coastal communities. These resources are important for marine sanctuaries, reef monitoring, mangrove reforestation, seaweed farming, and aquaculture. The document recommends both soft engineering approaches like mangrove planting, dune stabilization, coral growth, and beach nourishment as well as hard engineering through seawalls, breakwaters, groynes, and gabions to conserve these coastal areas for future generations.
This document discusses biophysical modeling of fjords and sea lochs. It summarizes research on the seasonal cycle of primary production in Puget Sound and the role of coralline algae in the global marine carbon sink. It also outlines the plankton dynamics model for Puget Sound and the carbon chemistry dynamics model for Loch Sween. Finally, it describes the development of a physical-biological coupling model to efficiently test simplified models using Puget Sound and Loch Sween as spatially resolved testbeds.
Blue carbon refers to the carbon captured by coastal ecosystems like mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrasses. These ecosystems store significant amounts of carbon from the atmosphere in their soils and biomass. Despite covering less than 0.5% of ocean habitat, blue carbon ecosystems store more than 50% of carbon in ocean sediments. The Blue Carbon Initiative aims to conserve these coastal ecosystems to mitigate climate change by protecting their carbon storage. Mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrasses are found globally in tropical and temperate coastal regions and serve important ecological functions while efficiently storing carbon.
This document discusses blue carbon sinks such as mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrasses. These ecosystems store large amounts of carbon in their soils and biomass. The document outlines the global distribution of blue carbon sinks and threats to them like destruction. It provides a case study on degraded coastal wetlands in Korea and strategies to restore blue carbon sinks through conservation and expansion efforts.
The document summarizes Jeremy B. C. Jackson's research on the impacts of human activities on marine ecosystems. It discusses (1) the rapid degradation of marine ecosystems due to threats like overfishing, habitat destruction, and climate change; (2) Jackson's focus on how these drivers of change could affect coastal seas, continental shelves, the open ocean, and coral reefs in the future if left unabated; and (3) what actions would be required to improve the situation for marine ecosystems.
The main threats to coral reefs include coral bleaching from global climate change, diseases affecting corals and other reef organisms, coral-eating crown-of-thorns starfish and other predators, invasive species, overfishing, engineering practices that damage reefs such as port construction, coral mining, and destruction from other construction activities. These threats stress and damage corals, reducing coral cover and biodiversity and degrading vital reef ecosystems.
This document provides an overview of oceans, including how they were formed, different types of water, pH levels, salt content, power generation methods, and sustainability issues. It also discusses potential future impacts like rising temperatures harming coral reefs and increasing toxic algal blooms. The author's plan is to raise awareness by posting posters and picking up litter, and provides ideas for how communities can help protect oceans through initiatives like recycling and reducing pollution.
This document discusses coral reef restoration techniques. It notes that coral reefs are being damaged by climate change, human activities, and natural events. Current restoration solutions discussed include transplanting coral fragments, removing debris and reattaching coral after physical damage events, and 3D printing artificial reef structures. The document concludes that 3D printing shows promise as a low-cost solution but will require further research, and public education efforts are also important to support coral reef conservation.
This document discusses barrel sponges (Xestospongia muta), which are important to coral reef ecosystems. It describes their ecological roles, how Hurricane Andrew in 1992 caused widespread damage, and subsequent restoration efforts involving over 120 divers who surveyed damage and reattached toppled sponges. The document recommends volunteering with programs that conduct scuba restoration work such as removing invasive lionfish and crown-of-thorns starfish.
Coral reefs are complex ecosystems located around the equator that are made up of coral skeletons inhabited by many living creatures like fish, crabs, and turtles. While most coral reefs exist in warm tropical waters, the UK has cold water coral reefs off the Rockall Islands that are similar to tropical reefs but contain different types of fish.
The document discusses the relationship between climate change and the ocean. It notes that the ocean absorbs over 30% of carbon dioxide emissions, which is causing the ocean to warm and become more acidic. This is negatively impacting ocean ecosystems and species. Species are migrating to new areas as the climate changes, which could create international issues. Addressing climate change will require significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions globally through policies like the Paris Agreement. Protecting coastal ecosystems like mangroves and seagrasses can also help mitigate climate change by storing carbon.
The document discusses how the oceans are being impacted by climate change. It notes that 90% of excess heat from greenhouse gas emissions is trapped in the oceans. It also discusses how ocean temperatures and acidification have increased substantially over the past century due to carbon emissions. This is negatively impacting marine species distribution, coral reefs, and primary production. Migration patterns of some species like whales and fish are changing in response to warmer waters.
Ocean acidification is caused by carbon dioxide from the atmosphere being absorbed by the oceans, which increases acidity levels. Before a few decades, ocean water was basic but acidity has been rising. This poses threats such as damage to marine life, food webs, and ocean goods/services that rely on calcification. Programs are working to increase awareness and research mitigation strategies, though no large-scale reductions have occurred yet. Individual actions like reducing carbon footprints, planting trees, and minimizing vehicle use can help address the problem.
This is a small presentation on ocean acidification.It is a compilation of all materials(including present information) I collected related to it, any new information beside this or concerning it please comment.
The document discusses the effects of increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere and oceans. It notes that the ocean absorbs one third of excess CO2 in the atmosphere, and that CO2 concentrations have risen from 280 to 387 parts per million currently and are projected to reach 450 to 550 ppm by volume. It also explains that the ocean is becoming more acidic as it absorbs more CO2, with the pH dropping by 0.1 currently and projected to decrease by 0.3 to 0.7 additional units by 2300, putting coral, clams, and plankton at risk.
Ocean Acidification Expert Forum ProgramAmber Rethman
This document provides information about an Ocean Acidification Expert Forum held in February 2015 at the Victoria Conference Centre. It includes the agenda, speaker biographies, and context about ocean acidification. The two-day forum brought together international experts to review research on ocean acidification, identify key research needs for Canada, and establish a way forward for a coordinated Canadian research effort. The goal was to produce a white paper to guide research across sectors within Canada and internationally.
This document discusses how rising temperatures and ocean acidification due to climate change threaten coral reefs by comparing current projections to conditions during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The PETM saw temperatures and CO2 levels exceed today while coral reefs survived but were forced to migrate from mid-latitudes. Similarly, under the "business as usual" RCP 8.5 emissions scenario, coral reefs face high risk of extinction by 2050 due to the current rapid rate of warming, leaving only coral skeletons in algal slime. The Great Barrier Reef will be among the first affected as oceans absorb excess CO2, becoming more acidic and unsuitable for coral growth and survival.
Dr. Francis Chan's 2012-2014 Oregon Sea Grant-supported project, "Understanding, Forecasting and Communicating the Linkages Between Hypoxia and Ocean Acidification in Oregon's Coastal Ocean"
Coral bleaching occurs when coral loses the algae living in its tissue, causing it to turn white. This algae, called zooxanthellae, provides food to the coral and contributes to its color. Increased water temperatures, changes in water chemistry such as acidification, bacteria, sea level rise, herbicides, cyanide fishing, low tides, and shipping accidents can all cause the zooxanthellae to be expelled from the coral, resulting in bleaching. Even small increases in water temperature of 1.5-2°C that last several weeks can trigger bleaching. Bleaching stressed the coral and makes them more vulnerable to disease.
This document discusses the role of oceans as carbon sinks, specifically focusing on "blue carbon" sinks. Blue carbon refers to the carbon captured and stored by coastal ecosystems like mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrasses through biomass and sediments. These ecosystems act as highly efficient carbon sinks, capturing more carbon through photosynthesis than they release and burying carbon in sediments for millennia. Globally, blue carbon sinks are responsible for burying 120-329 teragrams of carbon per year, accounting for over half of carbon buried in marine sediments and ranking among the most intense carbon sinks. Yet coastal ecosystems have been neglected from global carbon cycle accounts.
Potential Impacts of Climate Change and Ocean Acidification for the Future of...CIFOR-ICRAF
The document summarizes various impacts of climate change and ocean acidification on tropical marine ecosystems in Indonesia. It notes that oceans have absorbed over 1/3 of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, leading to ocean acidification, sea level rise, and warming temperatures that affect corals, fish, and other marine life. Studies from Bali show bleaching has killed 60% of corals at one reef and lower pH and higher temperatures reduce coral and algal growth. The document also discusses impacts to blue carbon ecosystems like mangroves and seagrasses, including coastal squeeze from rising seas, changes in hydrology and salinity, and thermal stress. Cumulative impacts are expected to reduce carbon capture and sequestration. Solutions
Coral reefs are commonly found in warm, tropical waters between 20-28 degrees in locations like Hawaii, the Caribbean, and the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. They provide an ecosystem for a variety of plants like algae and sea grasses, and animals including coral, fish, sharks, and crustaceans. Coral reefs are important because they remove carbon dioxide from the water, act as a natural barrier from storms and waves, and are a major tourist attraction that supports the fishing industry through food sources like lobster.
The document discusses coastal resource management and sustainability. It defines coastal resources as the intersection of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, including beaches, coral reefs, mangrove forests, and coastal communities. These resources are important for marine sanctuaries, reef monitoring, mangrove reforestation, seaweed farming, and aquaculture. The document recommends both soft engineering approaches like mangrove planting, dune stabilization, coral growth, and beach nourishment as well as hard engineering through seawalls, breakwaters, groynes, and gabions to conserve these coastal areas for future generations.
This document discusses biophysical modeling of fjords and sea lochs. It summarizes research on the seasonal cycle of primary production in Puget Sound and the role of coralline algae in the global marine carbon sink. It also outlines the plankton dynamics model for Puget Sound and the carbon chemistry dynamics model for Loch Sween. Finally, it describes the development of a physical-biological coupling model to efficiently test simplified models using Puget Sound and Loch Sween as spatially resolved testbeds.
Blue carbon refers to the carbon captured by coastal ecosystems like mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrasses. These ecosystems store significant amounts of carbon from the atmosphere in their soils and biomass. Despite covering less than 0.5% of ocean habitat, blue carbon ecosystems store more than 50% of carbon in ocean sediments. The Blue Carbon Initiative aims to conserve these coastal ecosystems to mitigate climate change by protecting their carbon storage. Mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrasses are found globally in tropical and temperate coastal regions and serve important ecological functions while efficiently storing carbon.
This document discusses blue carbon sinks such as mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrasses. These ecosystems store large amounts of carbon in their soils and biomass. The document outlines the global distribution of blue carbon sinks and threats to them like destruction. It provides a case study on degraded coastal wetlands in Korea and strategies to restore blue carbon sinks through conservation and expansion efforts.
The document summarizes Jeremy B. C. Jackson's research on the impacts of human activities on marine ecosystems. It discusses (1) the rapid degradation of marine ecosystems due to threats like overfishing, habitat destruction, and climate change; (2) Jackson's focus on how these drivers of change could affect coastal seas, continental shelves, the open ocean, and coral reefs in the future if left unabated; and (3) what actions would be required to improve the situation for marine ecosystems.
The main threats to coral reefs include coral bleaching from global climate change, diseases affecting corals and other reef organisms, coral-eating crown-of-thorns starfish and other predators, invasive species, overfishing, engineering practices that damage reefs such as port construction, coral mining, and destruction from other construction activities. These threats stress and damage corals, reducing coral cover and biodiversity and degrading vital reef ecosystems.
This document provides an overview of oceans, including how they were formed, different types of water, pH levels, salt content, power generation methods, and sustainability issues. It also discusses potential future impacts like rising temperatures harming coral reefs and increasing toxic algal blooms. The author's plan is to raise awareness by posting posters and picking up litter, and provides ideas for how communities can help protect oceans through initiatives like recycling and reducing pollution.
This document discusses coral reef restoration techniques. It notes that coral reefs are being damaged by climate change, human activities, and natural events. Current restoration solutions discussed include transplanting coral fragments, removing debris and reattaching coral after physical damage events, and 3D printing artificial reef structures. The document concludes that 3D printing shows promise as a low-cost solution but will require further research, and public education efforts are also important to support coral reef conservation.
This document discusses barrel sponges (Xestospongia muta), which are important to coral reef ecosystems. It describes their ecological roles, how Hurricane Andrew in 1992 caused widespread damage, and subsequent restoration efforts involving over 120 divers who surveyed damage and reattached toppled sponges. The document recommends volunteering with programs that conduct scuba restoration work such as removing invasive lionfish and crown-of-thorns starfish.
Coral reefs are complex ecosystems located around the equator that are made up of coral skeletons inhabited by many living creatures like fish, crabs, and turtles. While most coral reefs exist in warm tropical waters, the UK has cold water coral reefs off the Rockall Islands that are similar to tropical reefs but contain different types of fish.
The document discusses the relationship between climate change and the ocean. It notes that the ocean absorbs over 30% of carbon dioxide emissions, which is causing the ocean to warm and become more acidic. This is negatively impacting ocean ecosystems and species. Species are migrating to new areas as the climate changes, which could create international issues. Addressing climate change will require significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions globally through policies like the Paris Agreement. Protecting coastal ecosystems like mangroves and seagrasses can also help mitigate climate change by storing carbon.
The document discusses how the oceans are being impacted by climate change. It notes that 90% of excess heat from greenhouse gas emissions is trapped in the oceans. It also discusses how ocean temperatures and acidification have increased substantially over the past century due to carbon emissions. This is negatively impacting marine species distribution, coral reefs, and primary production. Migration patterns of some species like whales and fish are changing in response to warmer waters.
IRREVERSIBLE? Climate Change, Fisherfolks, and the Coastal Communitymeih
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on coastal communities and fisheries in the Philippines. It notes that the Philippines has extensive coastlines and coastal populations that are highly dependent on marine fisheries for food and livelihood. Climate change is expected to negatively impact coral reefs, fisheries, and coastal resources through rising sea levels, increased temperatures, and more extreme weather. This will threaten food security and biodiversity in the Philippines. The document also discusses observed shifts in species ranges and abundances due to ocean warming globally.
International journal of applied sciences and innovation vol 2015 - no 1 - ...sophiabelthome
Seagrasses act as important carbon sinks, trapping carbon for thousands of years and reducing the impacts of climate change and ocean acidification. They photosynthesize, removing carbon dioxide from water and oceans. However, seagrass meadows are declining globally at a rate four times faster than rainforests. While terrestrial forests receive more attention as carbon sinks, seagrasses also store large amounts of "blue carbon" and provide valuable ecosystem services. There is a need to increase awareness of seagrasses and protect these threatened coastal habitats.
Ocean acidification is caused by increasing carbon dioxide levels in the oceans due to human emissions since the Industrial Revolution. As CO2 is absorbed by seawater, chemical reactions occur that reduce seawater pH and the concentration of carbonate ions. This process is known as ocean acidification and impacts marine life by making it difficult for calcifying organisms like oysters and corals to form their shells and skeletons as the pH becomes less suitable for calcification. While some algae may benefit from higher CO2 levels, most marine species, food webs, and coastal economies that rely on fisheries are threatened by ocean acidification if emissions are not reduced.
Ocean acidification is caused by the uptake of excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by the oceans, which decreases ocean pH and carbonate ion concentration. Since the industrial revolution, ocean surface pH has decreased by 0.11 pH units. This seemingly small change threatens marine organisms that build shells and skeletons from calcium carbonate, as waters are becoming under-saturated. Lower pH also impairs behaviors like predator detection in fish and habitat selection in clownfish. If carbon dioxide emissions continue unchecked, ocean pH could decrease by 150% by 2100, threatening food security and economies that rely on ocean resources. Strengthening monitoring is critical to understand impacts and guide decisions on addressing ocean acidification.
Marine resources are things from the ocean that organisms need to survive and include fresh water, minerals, energy sources, and food. The document outlines various types of marine resources like fresh water obtained through desalination, minerals dissolved in or deposited in seawater, energy from sources like ocean thermal energy conversion and tides, and food resources from fisheries. These resources provide benefits like food, fuel, minerals, and habitats but also face threats from pollution and overexploitation which requires proper management through techniques like regulated fishing and pollution control.
Marine resources are things from the ocean that organisms need to survive and include fresh water, minerals, energy sources, and food. The document outlines various types of marine resources and how they are used. It also discusses conservation efforts like regulating exploitation and accurately estimating demand and supply to ensure sustainable use of resources like fisheries. Major threats to marine environments are also listed, such as pollution from waste, garbage, oil, and increased acidity from carbon dioxide.
1. The document discusses ocean pollution and deoxygenation of oceans. It notes that over 50% of Earth's oxygen is produced by plankton in oceans and deoxygenation is caused by chemical runoff and global warming.
2. Mangrove trees and whales help mitigate climate change through carbon absorption and storage. Mangrove trees absorb 10 times more carbon than forests. Whales store carbon in their bodies.
3. Ocean pollution stems mainly from land-based plastic waste and threatens marine life. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a large area of plastic pollution caught in ocean currents between California and Hawaii.
Ocean acidification is caused by carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels dissolving into the ocean and changing its chemistry. This leads to a decrease in ocean pH and increase in acidity. Impacts include loss of marine diversity and food sources as species that require calcium carbonate to grow, like corals, pteropods, and foraminifera, struggle under more acidic conditions. A case study from the Arctic Ocean found that pH levels have dropped 0.1 units over the past 30 years and are projected to decrease another 0.3 units by 2100 due to continued carbon dioxide emissions warming the oceans and allowing more absorption. Addressing ocean acidification will require reducing carbon dioxide emissions and improving ocean health through marine protected areas and sustainable fishing
This document summarizes a student's research project on genetic regulation of carbon sequestration by molluscs. The student analyzed how oysters are able to adapt and survive in acidified waters caused by ocean acidification. Several studies were reviewed showing oysters have genes that allow them to withstand stresses like heat, oxidation and apoptosis. While oyster larvae are initially affected, they can still metabolize, feed and develop normally even in acidified conditions. The student concluded oysters can survive in high CO2 waters through adaptive genes despite some effects early in development and reproduction.
Climate change is affecting natural food levels in oceans and seas in several ways:
1) Rising water temperatures and ocean acidification are damaging coral reefs and reducing habitats for fish and other marine life.
2) Changes in rainfall patterns and melting ice are altering freshwater flows into oceans, affecting food sources and habitats.
3) Increased frequency of extreme weather events like hurricanes are causing disruption to marine ecosystems.
The document summarizes the current state of coral bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef. It describes how coral bleaching occurs when algae are expelled from coral due to stressors like heat waves. This year, record high ocean temperatures caused the worst mass bleaching event on the Great Barrier Reef. 50% of corals died in northern areas. The bleaching is part of the impacts of human-caused climate change and rising ocean temperatures. The document ends by highlighting some organizations working to help protect the reef through sustainable practices and fundraising.
Resources of bay bengal, classification of marine resourcesAbu Fahad
Resources Of Bay Bengal, Classification Of Marine Resources ,Importance Of Resources ,Environmental Impacts On Costal Area.In this slide I want to show the oceanic resources of Bay of Bengal .
This presentation is on ocean acidification, it covers
(1) a background on ocean acidification,
(2) the chemistry between carbon dioxide & the ocean
(3) Impact of Ocean acidification on biological processes and the ecosystems.
(4) and finally some mitigation measures
I hope this ppt be useful & helpful to people working on this topic :)
Enjoy
Carbon is an essential element for all life forms on Earth. Whether these life forms
take in carbon to help manufacture food or release carbon as part of respiration, the
intake and output of carbon is a component of all plant and animal life.
The carbon cycle is vital to life on Earth. Nature tends to keep carbon levels balanced,
meaning that the amount of carbon naturally released from reservoirs is equal to the
amount that is naturally absorbed by reservoirs. Maintaining this carbon balance
allows the planet to remain hospitable for life. Scientists believe that humans have
upset this balance by burning fossil fuels, which has added more carbon to
the atmosphere than usual and led to climate change and global warming.
These studies examine various impacts of climate change on oceans and marine life. They find that climate change is causing water temperatures and acidity to rise, damaging coral reefs and reducing shark and fish populations. This poses serious threats such as declining ocean biodiversity and fisheries. The studies also show the ocean is absorbing more carbon dioxide than previously estimated, though this comes at the cost of further acidification. Collectively, the research enhances understanding of climate change effects and calls for action to mitigate further damage.
The ocean absorbs about one-third of carbon dioxide emissions from human activities. This uptake benefits society by slowing climate change but causes ocean acidification as CO2 reacts with seawater. Ocean acidification threatens marine organisms that build shells and skeletons, and could disrupt marine food webs and ecosystems. Future projections estimate the oceans will become 150% more acidic by 2100 if emissions continue unabated, reaching levels not seen for over 20 million years. Strengthening the science of ocean acidification impacts is urgently needed to inform decision making.
Earth Day How has technology changed our life?
Thinkers/Inquiry • How has our ability to think and inquire helped to advance technology?
Vocabulary • Nature Deficit Disorder~ A condition that some people maintain is a spreading affliction especially affecting youth but also their adult counterparts, characterized by an excessive lack of familiarity with the outdoors and the natural world. • Precautionary Principle~ The approach whereby any possible risk associated with the introduction of a new technology is largely avoided, until a full understanding of its impact on health, environment and other areas is available.
What is technology? • Brainstorm a list of technology that you use everyday that your parents or grandparents did not have. • Compare your list with a partner.
The modification of an existing product or the formulation of a new product to fill a newly identified market niche or customer need are both examples of product development. This study generally developed and conducted the formulation of aramang baked products enriched with malunggay conducted by the researchers. Specifically, it answered the acceptability level in terms of taste, texture, flavor, odor, and color also the overall acceptability of enriched aramang baked products. The study used the frequency distribution for evaluators to determine the acceptability of enriched aramang baked products enriched with malunggay. As per sensory evaluation conducted by the researchers, it was proven that aramang baked products enriched with malunggay was acceptable in terms of Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color, and Texture. Based on the results of sensory evaluation of enriched aramang baked products proven that three (3) treatments were all highly acceptable in terms of variable Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color and Textures conducted by the researchers.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Monitor indicators of genetic diversity from space using Earth Observation dataSpatial Genetics
Genetic diversity within and among populations is essential for species persistence. While targets and indicators for genetic diversity are captured in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, assessing genetic diversity across many species at national and regional scales remains challenging. Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) need accessible tools for reliable and efficient monitoring at relevant scales. Here, we describe how Earth Observation satellites (EO) make essential contributions to enable, accelerate, and improve genetic diversity monitoring and preservation. Specifically, we introduce a workflow integrating EO into existing genetic diversity monitoring strategies and present a set of examples where EO data is or can be integrated to improve assessment, monitoring, and conservation. We describe how available EO data can be integrated in innovative ways to support calculation of the genetic diversity indicators of the GBF monitoring framework and to inform management and monitoring decisions, especially in areas with limited research infrastructure or access. We also describe novel, integrative approaches to improve the indicators that can be implemented with the coming generation of EO data, and new capabilities that will provide unprecedented detail to characterize the changes to Earth’s surface and their implications for biodiversity, on a global scale.
REPORT-PRESENTATION BY CHIEF SECRETARY, ANDAMAN NICOBAR ADMINISTRATION IN OA ...
Oceanic Blue Carbon
1. Oceanic Blue Carbon
GOC High Seas Symposium, 12 - 13 November 2015, Somerville College, Oxford
Doug Perrine
2. GabrielBarathieu
Chris Pincetich-Marine Photobank Øystein Paulsen - MAR-ECO
KeithEllenbogenOceana
Oceanic Blue Carbon explores a potential
connection between marine conservation and
climate change, with broad global relevance:
the conservation and restoration of the
marine environment – including populations
of sea turtles, whales, krill and tuna – as part
of the solution to the global climate challenge.
3. The concept was supported by three publications from late 2014.
4. The GOC report estimated amount and value of the biological carbon-
sequestering activity provided by the high seas to be:
• Almost half a billion tonnes of carbon per year
• Valued between USD $74 billion to $222 billion per year
AllenShimadaNOA
So what we are exploring now is understanding
the concept and refining that value.
5. LutzandMartin2014
For example, eight natural carbon pathways, pumps and trophic
cascades associated with marine vertebrates have been identified.
6. LutzandMartin2014
The primary apparatus used
in carbon flux research the
sediment trap, which sits on
the sea bed & collects
particles that drift to the
ocean floor.
One possible reason
that marine organisms
beside plankton have
largely been excluded
from carbon cycling
models.
Does not capture the movement of
carbon associated with marine
organisms, including deposition via
faecal events and sinking carcasses.
7. Heithaus et al. 2014
1. Trophic Cascade Carbon
E.g. natural predation by sharks controls sea turtle
populations, whose grazing behaviour maintains
optimal carbon function of seagrass meadows.
Food web dynamics help
to maintain carbon storage
& sequestration by coastal
ecosystems.
Disruption of marine vertebrate populations impacts natural
cycles; where this includes the role of marine ecosystems it
can reduce the oceans capacity to capture & store carbon.
8. 2. Biomixing carbon
Keith Ellenbogen, Oceana
Turbulence & drag associated
with movement of marine
animals mixes nutrient rich
water from deep to surface
waters, enhancing primary
production by phytoplankton &
thus uptake of atmospheric CO2.
This mechanism has been reported for all
sizes of marine including krill and whales.
9. 3. Bony fish carbonate
Wilsonetal.2009
As a by-product of their
metabolism, bony fish
secrete calcium carbonate,
which is alkaline.
Restoration of bony fish
populations can potentially
help to buffer against
increased acidity of the
ocean and protect some of
the organisms that are
susceptible to ocean
acidification.
10. Tony Wu4. Whale Pump
Some whales excrete nutrient rich, flocculent faecal plumes. These can fertilize
surface waters & nutrient-limited oceans to stimulate primary production by
phytoplankton, thus uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide into oceans.
11. 5. Twilight Zone Carbon
SwedishMuseumofNaturalHistory
Deep water (twilight zone) fish feed on organisms in the upper ocean &
transport consumed organic carbon to deeper waters, where it is stored in
biomass or released as fish poop.
12. Amount and value of carbon sequestration by twilight zone fish off the UK-Irish
continental slope, from Trueman et al.:
• Over 1 million tonnes of carbon per year
• Between USD $12.4 and $21.8 million per year
Trueman et al. 2014
NOAA
NOAANOAA
NOAA
14. 8. Marine Vertebrate Mediated CarbonCatlin Seaview Survey
Marine vertebrates transfer organic carbon through marine food webs
and transport it to deep waters via rapidly sinking faecal material
Carbon particles associated with fish, e.g. tuna, are orders of magnitude larger
than those associated with plankton, & can rapidly sink to depth, providing an
efficient mechanism to export carbon from surface waters.
15. WWF2015
What is the biological-carbon sequestration
value of a living ocean versus a depleted one?
16. Gap analysis and targeted research
needed to advance scientific, policy
and economic understanding
NOAA
18. PeterProkosch
We also think it is important to keep a
connection to the other ocean
ecosystem values vital for coastal
communities:
• Sustainable development
• Food security
• Connections to EEZs
19. RebeccaWeeks-MarinePhotobank
Fish Carbon report: www.grida.no/publications/fish-carbon
Follow on twitter: #FishCarbon
Steven Lutz
GRID-Arendal
steven.lutz@grida.no
Angela Martin
Blue Climate Solutions
angela.martin@bluecsolutions.org
Thank you!
Questions?
Hello there, my name is Steven Lutz and i represent GRID-Arendal, a Norwegian foundation and a centre collaborating with the United Nations Environment Programme.
I’m going to talk about Oceanic Blue Carbon, a concept which explores the role of living marine life - marine vertebrates and invertebrates - in the global climate challenge.
The concept was supported by three publications from late last year; the
‘Fish Carbon - Exploring Marine Vertebrate carbon Services’ report produced by GRID-Arendal and Blue Climate Solutions, the
‘The Significance and Management of Natural Carbon Stores in the Open Ocean’ report produced by the IUCN and the
‘The High Seas and US’ produced by the GOC.
The concept explores a potential connection between marine conservation and climate change, with broad global relevance: the conservation and restoration of the marine environment – including populations of sea turtles, whales, krill and tuna – as part of the solution to the global climate challenge.
As you know that the value of the carbon-sequestering activity provided by the life in the high seas to be worth from USD $74 billion to $222 billion annually.
So what we are exploring now is the understanding the concept and refining that value.
Define Fish Carbon
Sediment trap
For example, eight mechanisms have been identified where marine vertebrates have roles to play in mitigating the effects of global carbon pollution via natural carbon pathways, pumps and trophic cascades.
Define Fish Carbon
Sediment trap
Our first example is Trophic Cascade Carbon. This mechanism highlights how food web dynamics help maintain the carbon storage and sequestration function of coastal Blue Carbon ecosystems. The natural predation of sharks helps maintain healthy populations of sea turtles which in turn helps maintain optimal carbon function of seagrass meadows through grazing behaviour. However if sharks are overfish it potentially upsets nature’s balance including the role of seagrasses in fixing and storing carbon.
Biomixing Carbon describes how turbulence and drag mixes nutrient rich water from deep to surface waters, enhancing primary production by phytoplankton and thus the uptake of dissolved CO2
This mechanism has been reported for all sizes of marine including krill and whales.
Research into this mechanism has estimated that the value of carbon sequestration of bentho-pelagic fish of the UK continental slope to be between USD $12.4 and 21.8 million annually.
What we don’t know, or what is needed to advance our understanding of Oceanic Blue Carbon, includes gap analysis and targeted research projects that will advance scientific, policy, economic understanding of the concept.
Key questions include what is the total significance of Oceanic Blue Carbon and do we have the ability to value it?
We also think it is important to keep a connection to the other ocean ecosystem values vital for coastal communities such as sustainable development and food security and to acknowledge the connections to EEZs.
If you are interested in learning more about the concept, please contact me, Steven or Angela, through the details shown here, or come speak to us after.
We also have Fish Carbon flyers and reports available. You can also follow the development of this concept on twitter thought the fish carbon hashtag and graphics and diagrams are available.
Thank you.