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1. OCEAN
ACIDIFICATION PRESENTED BY-
MADHUSMITA SAHOO (1081)
ANKITA BISWAL (1082)
KALPANA DAS (1084)
ABHIPSA SUBUDHI (1085)
SOUMYA RANJAN MANDAL
(1086)
ASHUTOSH PATTNAIK (1087)
ANSUMAN PANDA (1089)
INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL
SCIENCES,SOADU
“WITH EVERY DROP OF WATERYOU DRINK,EVERY BREATHE YOU TAKE ,
YOU ARE CONNECTED TO THE OCEAN”

2. CONTENT
1.INTRODUCTION
2.WHAT IS OCEAN ACIDIFICATION
3.CHEMISTRY OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION
4.IMPACTS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION
5.POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON ECOSYSYTEM
6.CASE STUDIES OF OCEAN
ACIDIFICATION
7..PROGRAMS
8.WHAT WE CAN DO ABOUT IT
9.CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
Oceans cover more than 70% of the earth’s surface.
 Burning of fossil fuels , deforestation & increasing globalization have increased the
amount of carbon dioxide emitted to the atmosphere and the amount that dissolve into
the ocean.
 What is Ocean Acidification?
It is defined as the changes in the chemistry of the Earth’s ocean leadind to ongoing
decrease in the pH and increase in acidity , caused by the uptake of anthropogenic carbon
dioxide from the atmosphere.
 CO2 emissions acidity of the world’s oceans.
Affects the marine plants and animals especially those that require calcium carbonate to
grow and survive, and other species that rely on these for food.

4. WHAT IS OCEAN ACIDIFICATION
What is Ocean Acidification?
 Since the beginning of industrial era, emission of carbon dioxide have increased.
 Exceeding the capacity of the carbon cycle to maintain an equilibrium between the
atmosphere and ocean.
 The absorption of carbon dioxide is fundamentally changing the chemistry of the ocean
by triggering reactions that make sea water more acidic, a phenomenon called Ocean
acidification.
 Definition:-
"Ocean Acidification is a term used to describe the changes in the chemistry of the
earth's ocean le ongoing decrease in the pH and increase in acidity caused by the uptake of
anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere"

6. IMPACTS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION
ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2
CO2 DISSOLVES IN OCEAN
CO2 + H2O → H2CO3—H++ HCO3-
co₂ = H+ = Acidification
MAY LEAD TO-
1)Loss of marine diversity
2)Loss of organisms that can be enjoyed for their inherent beauty, but may also have provided novel chemicals for use in
medicines& manufacturing .
3) Loss of food sources (fish, shellfish, etc.) for large populationsof people (often in developing countries) .
4) Loss of food sources (fish, shellfish, etc.) for large populationsof people (often in developing countries) 4) Loss of source
of income (fishing, tourism) for communitiesworldwide (often in developing countries) .

7. Specific effects of ocean acidification to a variety of ocean ecosystem,
around the globe.
THE OPEN OCEAN ECOSYSTEM:
 Based on plankton, which serves as the foundation of the marine food chain.
Planktonic species including coccolithophores, foraminifera, and pteropods need
carbonate ions tobuild their shells.
If ocean acidification increases,
Carbonate based planktonic species may decline.
A range of species including fish, seals, whales could lose their preferred food.
POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON ECOSYSTEMS
CONT….

8. FORAMINIFER(GLOBIGERINA BULLOIDES) COCCOLLITHOPHORID PTERPOPOD

9. POLAR ECOSYSTEM
 The polar waters of Arctic and Southern oceans harbor many protected and
endangered marine mammals.
Carbon Dioxide dissolve more readily in cold water, acidifying the waters of polar
regions faster than in lower latitudes.
If carbon dioxide continue to increase, by the year 2050, the surface waters of
southern ocean will become corrosive to some type of carbonate structure.
TROPICAL CORAL REEFS
 In the Natural world, corals must rapidly grow to outpace predation by fish and other
organisms and to compete for space with algae and sea-grasses.
Ocean Acidification,prevents reef building corals from growing fast enough to escape
predation and competition and also contribute to coral bleaching.

11. DEEP WATER CORAL REEFS
Corals in the deep sea create habitat for many
species of fish.
Ocean Acidification in deeper water reduces
calcification and decrease the rate of growth of
deep water corals

12. GROWTH AND SKELETAL INTEGRITY SCLERACTINIAN CORALS AND CORAL LINE ALGAE THAT ARE LIKELY TO BE
COMPROMISED BY OCEAN ACIDIFICATION .

13. FACTS ABOUT OCEAN ACIDIFICATION
 World's oceans are becoming acidic at faster rate, threatening
disaster for marine life and food supplies across globe.
 The carbon dioxide in the water has caused the pH of surface
oceans to fall by 0.1 units -projected to fall further 0.3-0.4
units.
 Currently, the ocean absorbs about a third of human-created
carbon dioxide emission, roughly22 million tons a day.
 Acidity has increased 30% and its effect is irreversible.
CONT…..

14.  If carbon dioxide emission continue unchecked-key parts of
the marine environment that are essential for fish-such as
Coral reefs, the Algae and plankton will be severely
affected, leading to the extinction of some species by 2050.
 Current rate of acidification -making difficult for species
and habitats to adapt.
 If atmospheric carbon dioxide can be stabilized at 450ppm,
only 8% of existing tropical and sub-tropical coral reefs will
still be in the waters of right pH level to
support their growth.

15. (CASE STUDY-1) “ARCTIC OCEAN ACIDIFICATION A
RESULT OF WARMER CLIMATE”
The pH scale, the measured acidification during the past 30 years is equivalent to around 0.1. If carbon
dioxide levels in the atmosphere continue to rise at the same rate they are now, the researchers predict that
the pH value will drop by another 0.3 by the turn of the century. The coldest oceans will be most affected.
How much carbon dioxide can be dissolved in the ocean depends on the temperature of the water.

16. What can we do about it?
Combating Acidification✓requires reducing carbon dioxide
emission and improving the health of the ocean.
Creating marine protected areas and stopping destructive
fishing practices.
Addition of Alkali to the Oceans.
Adding of lime stone carbonate material.
Plantation of trees.
Green belt around the industries

18. CONCLUSION-
Due to,Ocean Acidification, the oceans' capacity as
carbon store house is diminishing.If nothing is done to
help curb Ocean- Acidification, its negative impact may
be felt on the marine environment, local communities,
and all the way up through the global economy..

19. THANK YOU