Is is possible not to have stress at work place? If your answer is no, then you can emphasize occupational stress theories, occupational stress models, and tools to cope with occupational stress in this presentation. I wish all of you a stress-free job.
Workplace stress is the harmful physical and emotional response that occurs when there is a poor match between job demands and the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker
Stress-related disorders encompass a broad array of conditions, including psychological disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder) and other types of emotional strain (e.g., dissatisfaction, fatigue, tension, etc.), maladaptive behaviors (e.g., aggression, substance abuse), and cognitive impairment (e.g., concentration and memory problems). In turn, these conditions may lead to poor work performance or even injury. Job stress is also associated with various biological reactions that may lead ultimately to compromised health, such as cardiovascular disease or in extreme cases, death.
Physical or psychological disorder associated with an occupational environment and manifested in symptoms such as extreme anxiety, or tension, or cramps, headaches, or digestion problems.
Stress related to responsibilities associated with work, corporate culture or personality conflicts
Can lead to physical as well as emotional disorders
May cause depression if left unattended
Workplace stress is the harmful physical and emotional response that occurs when there is a poor match between job demands and the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker
Stress-related disorders encompass a broad array of conditions, including psychological disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder) and other types of emotional strain (e.g., dissatisfaction, fatigue, tension, etc.), maladaptive behaviors (e.g., aggression, substance abuse), and cognitive impairment (e.g., concentration and memory problems). In turn, these conditions may lead to poor work performance or even injury. Job stress is also associated with various biological reactions that may lead ultimately to compromised health, such as cardiovascular disease or in extreme cases, death.
Physical or psychological disorder associated with an occupational environment and manifested in symptoms such as extreme anxiety, or tension, or cramps, headaches, or digestion problems.
Stress related to responsibilities associated with work, corporate culture or personality conflicts
Can lead to physical as well as emotional disorders
May cause depression if left unattended
Understanding workplace stress comes from knowing how the employee, management and employer roles compliment each other for recognizing, mitigating and preventing unnecessary stress at work.
lecture 27 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University, Seyle
Understanding workplace stress comes from knowing how the employee, management and employer roles compliment each other for recognizing, mitigating and preventing unnecessary stress at work.
lecture 27 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University, Seyle
Stress and Emotional Bases, investigating the Effectiveness of Emotional Inte...QUESTJOURNAL
Introduction: Specific occupational environments such as mining activities are the source of various stressors. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotional intelligence training on job stress of the employees of GolGohar Mining and Industrial Company in Sirjan, Kerman. Method: A quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest was used and 86 employees of GolGohar Mining and Industrial Company in Sirjan were selected using the stratified random sampling method and were divided into two groups of treatment and control. Experimental group received training protocol of ten sessions of 90 minutes and the control group was inserted in the waiting list. Structured clinical interview, demographic questionnaire, Bar-On emotional intelligence questionnaire and job stress questionnaire were used for data collection. Chi-square test and analysis of covariance were used for data analysis. Results: Data analysis showed that emotional intelligence training intervention on the components of workload, perceived incompetence, duplicity, restrictions and responsibilities has played a significant effectiveness (p<0.01).><0.01). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest the effectiveness of emotional intelligence training on occupational stress index. This finding can be taken into consideration in planning of the preventive and therapeutic interventions.
Work place stress preventive and curative measuresIJMER
Stress has been defined in different ways over the years. Originally, it was conceived of as
pressure from the environment, then as strain within the person. The generally accepted definition today
is one of interaction between the situation and the individual. It is the psychological and physical state
that results when the resources of the individual are not sufficient to cope with the demands and
pressures of the situation. Thus, stress is more likely in some situations than others and in some
individuals than others. Stress can undermine the achievement of goals, both for individuals and for
organisations
Week 5 7
Note that your first sentence here is a bit confusing and perhaps could/should be deleted out, Eddie. This is a great start, overall, but I'd suggest focusing on one side of the fence, so to speak, or the other. Try focusing on workplace stress, because when we come right down to it...unemployment is often a set of unique circumstances and something which different families all tend to handle differently. Focus on the workplace stress. What do experts regard as the top 2 or 3 causes and what solutions do they recommend? Is there a consensus?
Week 5 Comment by Owner: This should be the title of your paper
Billy Jones
Rasmussen
Author Notes
This research is being submitted on February 4, 2014, for billy jones B371/GEB3110 Research and Report Writing
Introduction
Being employed and being unemployed presents different challenges that lead to stress. Unemployment leads to stress because it leads to loss of self-confidence and self-esteem, loss of a sense of security, loss of a purposeful activity, a loss of professional identity, loss of work-based social networks and loss of a daily routines. On the other hand, being employed has challenges of its own. Employed individuals experience stress caused by deadlines, heavy workload, and poor job security and demanding bosses (London, 2013). These lead to depression and anxiety among employees. Although most people feel that unemployed is more stressful than being employed, I discovered that having a job can cause the most stress in a person’s life. Comment by Owner: This is a good catchy first sentence. Your thesis should state what information or issues the paper will discuss.
Reason that stress for being employed Comment by Owner: Title is not complete. Maybe try something like reasons for the employed to be stressed
Work related stress makes individuals feel like their lives are at stake. Employees usually tie their identity to work and this increases pressure on individuals to excel. In the modern society, the most appropriate avenue to success is through hard work in the work place, which means that failure to excel causes more stress. According to Olpin & Hesson (2013), the way people feel is closely related to their performance at the work place. Demanding bosses and deadlines contribute to more stress at the work place. Most bosses exert pressure of their junior employees in order for them to earn promotions, which in turn heap more stress on subordinates. The competitiveness of the corporate environment means that more employees handle deadlines, which exert pressure on them. Additionally, failure to meet the deadlines causes reactions that are equivalent to reactions to danger such as palpitations, racing heart and sweaty palms (Maxon, 1999). Employment also cause stress if tools used to measure performance and progress m.
An Analysis of Work Stress among College Teachers in Selffinancing College, P...IOSR Journals
Stress at the workplace is the major cause of most of the health problems. The study focus on an
Analysis of Work Stress among College Teachers in Self-financing College, Perambalur District, Tamilnadu.
The data collected from 50 respondents with the objectives of To find opinion about teaching and handling
students, to find out the stress creators, to analysis of sharing stress problems, to find out techniques applied by
the College teachers for managing stress
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Currently Bankers are under a great transaction of stress and due to many backgrounds of stress such as Excess, Role doubt, Role conflict, Concern for people, Contribution, Lack of feedback, possession up with rapid technologicalchange. Being in an inventive role, Career development, Organizational structure and climate, and recent episodic events. The thing which find out is stress. This study examines the relationship between job stress and job performance on bank employees of banking sector in Pakistan. The study examines the purpose model in relation of job stress and its impact on job performance by using sample of 144 participants. In participant the data ofsenior, graduate employees including customer services officers and managers of well reputed rising bank in Pakistan. The data were obtained through close ended questionnaire. A statistical test of regression, correlation and reliabilities were also confirmed. The results are significant with negative correlation between job stress and job performances and shows that job stress significantly reduces the performance of an individual. The results suggest to the organization that they have sustained a very health, cooperative and friendly environment within the team for better performance.
JOB STRESS AND MANAGING TECHNIQUES IN GOLDEN ROCK RAIL WORKSHOPIAEME Publication
The present study aims to find out the job stress and managing techniques in golden rock rail workshop. Stress refers to an individual’s reaction to a disturbing factor in the environment. It is an adaptive response to an external situation that results in physical, psychological and behavioural deviations for organisational participants. The validity of any research is based on the systematic method of data collection and analysis. Both primary and secondary data were used for this study. The primary data for pilot study was collected from 50 sample respondents from golden rock workshop. Later followed by a detailed data collection of 600 as sample respondents. For collecting the first-hand information from the employees, six hundreds of them were chosen by simple random sampling method. Questionnaire was the main tool used to collect the pertinent data from the selected sample respondents. SPSS was used for statistical analysis.
Causesand Prevention of Occupational Stressiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
A Study on Occupational Stress Among Bus DriversIJMREMJournal
Professional driving is a very demanding task. According to the recent scientific evidence, Bus drivers tend to
report high levels of occupational stress, burnout and occupational traffic accidents. Health has always been
closely linked with occupation. Occupation related stress among working people is drastically increasing
worldwide. Stress at work place has become an integral part of everyday life and is referred as ‘worldwide
epidemic’ by the World Health Organization. This would have impact on the body and discomfort reflected in
various parts of the body bringing about certain health problems. This study is an attempt to analyze the various
factors that lead to stress among bus drivers and to examine the prevalence of health problems.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
“Mindfulness based stress reduction for college lecturers”iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Here is what I am doing my research on. Need someone to write about.docxjeniihykdevara
Here is what I am doing my research on. Need someone to write about six paragraphs on the information provided below
1. Topic - an investigation into how workplace stress lead to health complications.
2.
Problem statement - workplace stress and health complications resulting from the same is a subject that has attracted a lot of attention among psychology and other health scholars. Of interest is how workplace stress can lead to health complications. This is one area that has not been explored hence needs exploration.
3.
Purpose – The ultimate purpose of this study is to investigate and explore a further and deeper understanding of how workplace stress contributes to health complications.
4.
Research questions – R1; how does workplace stress contribute to health complications?
R2; what psychological processes do workers use to overcome work related stress?
5.
Hypothesis/variables or phenomena:- H1: there exist health related issues resulting from stress at places of work and the need to know how such health issues result from workplace stress. There is also need to deal with such stress and reduce or eliminate it altogether.
6.
Literature Review
a.
Background of the problem/gap
i.
A lot of study has been done on reducing work related psychological ill health and sickness absence. However, nothing has been done to investigate how workplace stress leads to health complications (Cooper, et al. 1976)
ii.
Occupational sources of stress have been studied. Suggestions have been given on studying how ill health can be connected to workplace stress (Cooper, et al. 1976)
iii.
Studies have been carried out concerning health and well being in the work place. Further suggestions are made by the same on exploring how workplace stress leads to ill health (Ganster and Schaubroeck . 1991)
b.
Theoretical foundations (models and theories to be foundation for study)
i.
Person-environment fit theory
(
ACTA FAC MED NAISS 2006)
ii. Stressful job conditions (Nosh, 2013)
iii. Individual and situational factors (Nosh, 2013)
iv. Risk of injury and illness (Nosh, 2013)
c.
Review of literature topics with key theme for each one;
i.
Growth Aspect:
Understanding the thought and psychological processes of a stress free workplace would lead to improvements in reducing diseases related to such stress. (Nosh, 2013)
ii.
Present Research:
Investigation into the physical and psychological issues concerned with stress resulting from stress at workplaces (Nosh, 2013)
iii.
Research Suggestion:
Present research suggests an investigation into psychological experiences of workplace related health complications(Nosh, 2013)
iv Interpersonal
Relationships.
Lack of support or help from co-workers and supervisors. Poor social environment.
(Nosh, 2013)
v.
Work Roles. Uncertain job expectations and too much responsibility
(Nosh, 2013.
Tata Group Dials Taiwan for Its Chipmaking Ambition in Gujarat’s DholeraAvirahi City Dholera
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Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
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A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
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2. OUTLINE
Introduction
Topics relevant to occupational stress
History
Approaches
Terminology
Occupational Stress Models
Workplace Stressors
Reducing The Impact of Workplace Stressors
Cross-Cultural Occupational Stress Research
Generalizability
Stressors Experienced
Coping With Stress
May 7, 2013 2
3. Introduction
• Health of employees
• Physical
• Mental
Researches
• Media attention
• Everyday
conversation
Popularity
• OCCUPATIONAL
STRESS
Scientific Study
May 7, 2013 3
4. Introduction
Does occupational stress really have an aversive
affect on individuals and organizations???
Are those who are studying occupational stress
“making mountains out of molehills”???
May 7, 2013 4
6. Negative Outcomes of Stress
Increased health
care costs
More on-job-
accidents
Higher rates of
absenteeism &
turnover
Increased
compensation
claims
Reduced
productivity
May 7, 2013 6
7. History of Occupational Stress
Milestones:
1914: Walter Cannon
1956: Hans Selye
1960s: University of Michigan Institute for Social Research
1978: Terry Beehr & John Newman
May 7, 2013 7
8. History of Occupational Stress
Walter Cannon
Well-known physiologist
Relationship between emotions & physiological responses
It is considered the earliest work in the field of
psychosomatic medicine.
Coined the term: Homeostasis
Meaning: Body’s effort to restore normal physiological
functioning when some deviation is required. It is a process
in which the body’s internal environment is kept stable or
constant.
Stressful work conditions are perceived as aversive events
that require adaptive response to restore normal functioning.
May 7, 2013 8
9. History of Occupational Stress
Hans Selye
He is the first on scientific investigations of stress
and considered as “Father of Stress”.
He is an endocrinologist.
His research:
May 7, 2013 9
Research
• Aversive stimuli exposed to animals E.g.: Temperature
extremes
Finding
• Animals effort to adapt the aversive stimuli.
Result
• People do much the same to cope with challenges in everday
life GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME
10. History of Occupational Stress
University of Michigan Institute for Social Research
The first large-scale program focusing specifically on
stress in the workplace.
The research focuses on psychosocial factors in the
workplace that may be stressful to employees.
Psychosocial factors represent the aspects of the work
environment having to do with interactions with other
people.
Focus on role stressors.
May 7, 2013 11
11. History of Occupational Stress
Terry Beehr & John Newman
1978: large review and analysis on occupational stress
published in the journal of Personnel Psychology
Important and frequently cited work
Alert people in the field of organizational psychology
that occupational stress is a worth of attention.
Volume of occupational stress research has increased
after the publication of this review.
May 7, 2013 12
13. Terminology of Stress
May 7, 2013 14
Stimulus
• Stress = some type of force acting upon the individual.
• (Stress is used for negative aspects of the work environment)
Response
• Stress = a way in which employees react to stressful job conditions.
• (Stress is used for response of employee)
Stimulus-
response
• Stress = overall process by which the work environment may
negatively impact employees.
• Stressor: It represents anything in the job or organizational
environment that requires some adaptive response on the part of
employees.
• Strain: It refers to a multitude of maladaptive ways of employees
may react to stressors.
14. Categories of Strain
May 7, 2013 15
Psychological
• Emotional
responses to
stressors
• Depression,
anxiety, frustration,
hostility
Physical
• Responses related
with employees’
physical health and
well-being
• Blood pressure,
heart rate
Behavioral
• Responses associated
with behaviors
• Job performance,
substance abuse,
absenteeism,
turnover
15. Occupational Stress Models
Institute for Social Research Model (ISR)
Beehr and Newman’s Facet Model
Demands- Control Model
Person – Environment Fit Model
Effort – Reward Imbalance
May 7, 2013 16
16. Occupational Stress Models
Institute for Social Research Model (ISR)
1- Objective Environment = anything in the employee’s
work environment
2- Psychological Environment = employee’s perception of
the objective environment; appraisal process
3- Response = Immediate physical, behavioral and
emotional responses of an employee after appraisal
4- Mental & Physical Health and Disease= Depends on the
duration and severity of the immediate response
Individual differences have impact on the 2, 3, 4. steps.
5- Enduring Properties of the Person
6- Interpersonal Relations
May 7, 2013 17
17. Occupational Stress Models
Beehr and Newman’s Facet Model
Occupational stress process can be examined in a number
of “facet”s. Facets represent categories of variables to be
studied.
Personal facet: Stable characteristics that employees bring
them to the workplace. (e.g: age, gender; personality)
Environmental facet : Those stimuli in the work
environment that employees must confront. (e.g.: work
characteristics, level of comlexity, nature of job-related
interpersonal relations)
Process facet: Employees appraise the work environment
and decide whether it is harmful.
May 7, 2013 18
18. Occupational Stress Models
Beehr and Newman’s Facet Model
If the employee perceives stressors after appraisal, there
may be several consequences:
Human consequences facet: Ways in which employees
may respond to stressors (e.g.: health problems, substance
abuse)
Organizational consequences facet : Employee
responses that have implications primarily for
organizational functioning. (e.g.: absenteeism, turnover)
Adaptive responses facet: Efforts on the part of
individuals and organizations to respond adaptively to
stressors.
Time facet: has an impact on all other facets
May 7, 2013 19
19. Occupational Stress Models
Demands - Control Model
May 7, 2013 20
The most stressful situations in the workplace are those in which
employees face heavy job demands, but at the same time
are given little control over their work.
20. Occupational Stress Models
Person – Environment Fit Model
May 7, 2013 21
An employee perceives the work environment as stressful
when there is a lack of fit.
21. Occupational Stress Models
Effort – Reward Imbalance
May 7, 2013 22
It is stressful in the workplace when employee’s efforts are out of
proportion with the rewards that the job provides.
23. Workplace Stressors
Commonly studied stressors
Role stressors
Role: a set of behaviors that are expected of a person.
Role related information is both formal and informal.
Uncertainty of role related information leads to: Role Ambiguity
Lack of consistency in the role related information leads to: Role Conflict
Too many demands that an employee can accomplish leads to:Role Overload
24
24. May 7, 2013 25
Workload
Definition: Amount of work an employee has to do in a
given period of time.
Perceptional / Objective
Cyclical
Qualitative (Difficulty)
Quantitative (Performing)
Studies generally focus on physical outcomes of workload.
E.g.: Relation between work hours and physiological effects
Workplace Stressors
Commonly studied stressors
25. Workplace Stressors
Commonly studied stressors
Interpersonal conflict
Most jobs require interaction with coworkers, customers, contractors…
Such social interactions are often a source of satisfaction and personal
fulfillment.
Negatively charged interactions may make work stressful.
Several potential causes of conflict:
Competition among people
Rude / contentious behavior
Unintentional behavior (e.g.: free-riding)
Interpersonal conflict is correlated with physical, psychological,
behavioral strains; most notably feeling anxiety at work
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26. Workplace Stressors
Commonly studied stressors
May 7, 2013 27
Organizational constraints
The more effective employees, the more effective the organization will.
Organizational conditions may constrain employee performance
(e.g:unnecessary rules, procedures, a lack of resources…)
Organizational constraints (Peters & O’Connor – 1980)
Job-related information
Budgetary support
Required support
Time and materials
Required services and help from others
Task preparation
Time availability
Work environment
Scheduling of activities
Transportation
Job-related authority
27. Spector’s research (1986)Perceived control
Much more general
Related with human desire to
control over the environment
even if this control is illusory
Perceived control is manifested
in organizations in two ways :
Job autonomy: Employee has the
discretion over tasks performed,
starting & ending time.
Participative decision making:
employees who implement
decisions, also participate in
formulation of decisions. E.g.:
Labor management committees
Outcome
Job
Autonomy
Participation
Job
satisfaction
.37 .44
Emotional
distress
- .37 - .18
Physical
symptoms
- .33 - .34
Turnover
intent
- .26 - .20
Turnover - .25 - .38
Performance .26 .23
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Workplace Stressors
Commonly studied stressors
28. Workplace Stressors
Contemporary organizational stressors
Work-Family Conflict
Demands from work and family
are competing more.
Demands of work interfere with
family responsibilities.
Demands of family interfere with
work responsibilities.
Sources of support to help
balance those are increasingly
unavailable.
Work-family conflict literature:
Time-based conflict
Strain-based conflict
Behavior-based conflict
Mergers & Acquisitions
Merger: Two separate
organizations combine to
form a new one.
Acquisition: One company
obtains a controlling
financial interest in another
company.
Employees’ feelings of
anxiety, uncertainty, and job
insecurity.
Recommendation:
communicate to employees as
much information as
possible.
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29. Layoffs & Job Insecurity
66% of US firms with more than
5.000 employees reported
reducing their workforce
through layoffs in the late 1980s.
Layoffs’ impacts:
Employees who survive layoffs
may have feelings of vulnerability
and even guilt.
Job loss has bad outcomes on
mental and physical health (till
reemployment).
Job insecurity has a negative
impact on employee emotions
and well-being.May 7, 2013 30
Workplace Stressors
Contemporary organizational stressors
Emotional Labor
There is a shift from heavy
manufacturing to service
sector. This changed the
content of jobs.
An employee is forced to
confront negative emotions.
An employee is forced to
suppress his/her emotions
for organizational goals
= surface acting
30. Reducing The Impact of Stressors
Stress management training
Reduction of Stressors
Alternative Work Schedules and Telecommuting
Family – Friendly Benefits
Health & Fitness Programs
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31. Reducing The Impact of Stressors
Stress management training
Purpose: to help provide employees with the necessary
resources to cope with stressors when they faced.
It is not eliminating or minimizing the stressors; their existence
is basically taken for granted.
Education Programs
Relaxation Training
Biofeedback Training
Teaching techniques
Stress-Inoculation Training
Gathering information about stress
Self-statements to cope with stress
Application training: application of self-statements in everyday situations.
Health Circles
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32. Reducing The Impact of Stressors
Reduction of Stressors
Less popular than stress management
Purpose: to reduce the levels of stressors
E.g.: redesigning a job to increase autonomy, providing
greater participation to employees, training managers to
communicate more effectively with subordinates
These interventions are usually offered as training
programs or as a part of organizational development
strategy.
Result: decrease in stressors & increase in employees’
well-being.
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33. Reducing The Impact of Stressors
Alternative Work Schedules and Telecommuting
May 7, 2013 34
Alternative
work
schedules
Compressed
work week
FlextimeYes, that is what I’ve said!
My idea has been
scientifically proved!
34. •These benefits are designed to help
employees balance the demands of
work and family.
•Flexible spending accounts, child
care, elder care referrals, part-time
work options…
•More salient to women.
•Related with job satisfaction, lower
levels of depression and somatic
complaints, lower cholesterol
•Reduce feelings of work-family
conflict
May 7, 2013 35
Reducing The Impact of Stressors
Family – Friendly Benefits
35. Reducing The Impact of Stressors
Health & Fitness Programs
May 7, 2013 36
Healthy & physically fit employees are less
likely to be absent due to illness
Reduce employees’ health care costs.
Improve employees’ physical health and
fitness
36. Cross-Cultural Occupational Stress Research
Can occupational stress models be generalized?
Do cultural factors impact the work stressors?
Do cultural factors impact the ways of
employees to cope with work stressors?
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38. Cross-Cultural Occupational Stress Research
- Generalizability
Xie(1996): Testing Karasek’s Demand-Control Model in China
Have had greater exposure to
Western values
Personal control is one of these
values.
Benefited recent economic
changes
Generally less educated, less
exposed to Western influences
More likely to maintain
traditional values
Traditional values impede the
desire personal control.
39
39. Cross-Cultural Occupational Stress Research
- Stressors Experienced
Peterson et al. (1995): Are there cultural differences in the perception
of stressors?
Perception of role stressors vary across nations.
Levels of role stressors could be predicted from characteristics of
different national cultures.
Perception of role stressors differ with respect to Hofstede’s cultural
dimensions.
Van De Vliert & Van Yperen (1996): Research on cross-national
differences in role overload
Cross-national differences in ambient temperature led to differences in
role overload.
Liu (2003): Stressors btw. American – Chinese employees differ.
May 7, 2013 40
40. Cross-Cultural Occupational Stress Research
- Coping With Stress
Coping represents the manner in which employees
attempt to adapt to the stressors they experience.
Employees in the US. confront conflict more directly
than Taiwanese and Arab Middle Eastern employees.
Americans reported more direct (being rude to others),
Chinese reported more indirect conflict (doing things
behind people’s backs)
May 7, 2013 41