This document provides an evaluation of a portable knee x-ray image. It identifies several issues with the image including a lack of beam restriction, improper centering and angulation of the cassette resulting in overlapping anatomy. The evaluator recommends repeating the image with a marker identifying the technologist, at least three sides of collimation, and angling the cassette 5 degrees cephalically to ensure the tibial plateau is perpendicular. Repeating the image would properly position and separate the visualized anatomy.
The document summarizes an oral presentation evaluating an x-ray image of the lateral wrist. Key points include:
- The image is HIPAA compliant but lacks identification of the radiographer.
- Beam restriction is not clearly shown and gonadal shielding does not appear to be used.
- Anatomical parts are correctly visualized but positioning of the hand could be improved.
- A preventable artifact is present but its identity is unclear.
- The image meets diagnostic quality standards and would be accepted with some minor corrections.
Mammography Positioning Technique for Additional Views Selin Prasad
This document discusses additional views that can be performed in mammography, including magnification views, spot compression views, and views for patients with breast implants. Magnification views use a smaller focal spot size and elevated breast position to provide higher resolution of areas of interest, though at the cost of increased radiation dose and potential for motion blur. Spot compression views apply targeted compression over areas of concern to spread overlapping tissues and better define lesion features. Views for implants displace the implant posteriorly during compression to exclude it from the image and allow improved visualization of breast tissue.
Mammography positioning technique for Cranio Caudal (CC) Selin Prasad
The document provides guidance on positioning a patient for a cranio-caudal (CC) mammogram view. Key points include:
1. The CC view visualizes the sub-areolar, central, medial, and posteromedial breast tissue. Proper positioning brings the breast into its natural anatomical position with the nipple perpendicular to the chest wall.
2. Landmarks like the retroglandular fat space and pectoral muscle should be included when possible. The patient is positioned by leaning slightly forward at the waist with shoulders relaxed to allow medial breast tissue to fall onto the image receptor.
3. The image is assessed to ensure inclusion of key anatomical structures and adequate visualization of breast paren
This document provides descriptions and guidelines for evaluating various radiographic lines and angles in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. It discusses anatomical structures like the retropharyngeal space and various methods for assessing spinal alignment, curvature, disc height, intervertebral angles, spinal canal dimensions, and detecting instability. Key measurements mentioned include Cobb's angle for scoliosis, Torg ratio for cervical stenosis, Ruth Jackson's lines for cervical flexion/extension stress, and Van Akkerveeken's measurement for lumbar instability. The document serves as a reference for radiologists and clinicians to evaluate common spinal radiographic findings.
This document summarizes a deviation that occurred when a patient's CBCT was misaligned to the wrong vertebral body during their lung cancer treatment. The error was discovered later by an imaging specialist reviewing images. The deviation report details the patient history, treatment plan, images before and after correction, possible reasons for the error, recommendations to prevent it from reoccurring. The dose deviation was minor and did not require making up the missed dose based on the high total dose prescribed.
Ever went to a Chiropractor? Thinking of how Chiropractic care work? Here are the information which can answer your questions.
Visit our Website:
https://empowerhealthstl.com/chiropractic-care/
Presentation for client Kiropraktisk Center, Dr. Andreas Söderström. This document is a guide line for the complex techniques and philosophy of the Gonstead school of chiropractic adjustments. The document acts as a point of reference for students of the chiropractic profession, whom Dr. Söderström is tutoring.
The document summarizes an oral presentation evaluating an x-ray image of the lateral wrist. Key points include:
- The image is HIPAA compliant but lacks identification of the radiographer.
- Beam restriction is not clearly shown and gonadal shielding does not appear to be used.
- Anatomical parts are correctly visualized but positioning of the hand could be improved.
- A preventable artifact is present but its identity is unclear.
- The image meets diagnostic quality standards and would be accepted with some minor corrections.
Mammography Positioning Technique for Additional Views Selin Prasad
This document discusses additional views that can be performed in mammography, including magnification views, spot compression views, and views for patients with breast implants. Magnification views use a smaller focal spot size and elevated breast position to provide higher resolution of areas of interest, though at the cost of increased radiation dose and potential for motion blur. Spot compression views apply targeted compression over areas of concern to spread overlapping tissues and better define lesion features. Views for implants displace the implant posteriorly during compression to exclude it from the image and allow improved visualization of breast tissue.
Mammography positioning technique for Cranio Caudal (CC) Selin Prasad
The document provides guidance on positioning a patient for a cranio-caudal (CC) mammogram view. Key points include:
1. The CC view visualizes the sub-areolar, central, medial, and posteromedial breast tissue. Proper positioning brings the breast into its natural anatomical position with the nipple perpendicular to the chest wall.
2. Landmarks like the retroglandular fat space and pectoral muscle should be included when possible. The patient is positioned by leaning slightly forward at the waist with shoulders relaxed to allow medial breast tissue to fall onto the image receptor.
3. The image is assessed to ensure inclusion of key anatomical structures and adequate visualization of breast paren
This document provides descriptions and guidelines for evaluating various radiographic lines and angles in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. It discusses anatomical structures like the retropharyngeal space and various methods for assessing spinal alignment, curvature, disc height, intervertebral angles, spinal canal dimensions, and detecting instability. Key measurements mentioned include Cobb's angle for scoliosis, Torg ratio for cervical stenosis, Ruth Jackson's lines for cervical flexion/extension stress, and Van Akkerveeken's measurement for lumbar instability. The document serves as a reference for radiologists and clinicians to evaluate common spinal radiographic findings.
This document summarizes a deviation that occurred when a patient's CBCT was misaligned to the wrong vertebral body during their lung cancer treatment. The error was discovered later by an imaging specialist reviewing images. The deviation report details the patient history, treatment plan, images before and after correction, possible reasons for the error, recommendations to prevent it from reoccurring. The dose deviation was minor and did not require making up the missed dose based on the high total dose prescribed.
Ever went to a Chiropractor? Thinking of how Chiropractic care work? Here are the information which can answer your questions.
Visit our Website:
https://empowerhealthstl.com/chiropractic-care/
Presentation for client Kiropraktisk Center, Dr. Andreas Söderström. This document is a guide line for the complex techniques and philosophy of the Gonstead school of chiropractic adjustments. The document acts as a point of reference for students of the chiropractic profession, whom Dr. Söderström is tutoring.
Este documento describe varias redes sociales educativas como The Capsuled, Edmodo y otras. The Capsuled permite a usuarios compartir y generar contenido educativo de forma abierta y visual. Edmodo permite la creación de grupos de aprendizaje donde usuarios pueden compartir archivos, crear cursos y tomar tests. Otras redes sociales como Edmodo facilitan la comunicación entre estudiantes y profesores en un entorno privado.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document provides details on the launch plan for DoodleBoard, a portable whiteboard product. It outlines the company overview, target market, marketing and sales strategy, operations, suppliers, and budgets. Key points include:
- DoodleBoard aims to bring the usefulness of whiteboards anywhere by providing a portable and durable 18" x 18" folding whiteboard.
- The target market is the Babson community including students, faculty, and visitors, as well as neighboring schools.
- Marketing will utilize social media, events, and an online storefront. The initial order is for 150 whiteboards.
- Operations will source whiteboards, dry erase stickers, and markers from three suppliers and over
Adam Mueller has over 15 years of experience in clinical research compliance and operations. He currently serves as the Clinical Research Compliance Officer at the University of Utah, where he directs their clinical trials management system and oversees $5.2 million in research charges annually. Previously he worked as an All Source Intelligence Analyst in the US Army National Guard, analyzing intelligence to improve situational awareness for commanders. He holds an MBA with a specialization in Finance from New York Institute of Technology.
The document proposes redoing a kitchen in red. It provides contact information for Kuya Ondieko via email or phone number to get more details on the proposed red kitchen remodel. The document is brief and focuses on introducing the idea of a red kitchen remodel and providing contact information for the person proposing the project.
This document evaluates an image of a stretcher chest x-ray for accuracy and quality. It analyzes the image for HIPAA compliance, proper anatomical markers, radiation safety, positioning, artifacts, sharpness, and technical exposure factors. Overall, the evaluator determines that the image meets evaluation criteria to be accepted, but could be improved by adjusting collimation and ensuring proper shoulder depression. References are also provided.
Final Image Evaluation: Left Lateral Lumbar SpineNBlankz
This document discusses the evaluation of a lateral lumbar spine radiograph. It finds that the image is generally of diagnostic quality, with the vertebrae and disk spaces visible. However, it notes that beam restriction could be improved by including a fourth side, and the patient positioning could be adjusted by bringing them slightly back towards the radiographer. With some minor changes to positioning and technique, the image would meet full acceptance criteria. Overall, the evaluator would accept this image but aims to provide feedback to improve future images.
This document provides an analysis of an AP projection radiographic image of the lower leg. It examines the image for technical quality factors such as positioning, anatomy visibility, radiation safety and exposure technique. Overall the image meets diagnostic quality standards, showing the tibia, fibula and joints clearly. Some adjustments could improve the image such as reducing brightness at the joints, adding a compensating filter and ensuring no leg rotation. With minor adjustments, the technologist would accept this image.
This document provides an evaluation of an AP axial cervical spine x-ray image. The evaluation identifies several issues with the image including a lack of patient positioning markers, improper centering and alignment of the cervical spine, and artifacts from clothing and equipment. Based on the criteria outlined for an acceptable AP axial cervical spine image, this image does not meet standards and should be rejected. Corrections such as adding positioning markers, adjusting the cervical spine alignment, and removing artifacts are needed before accepting the image.
This document evaluates a PA chest x-ray image. It finds that while the image is of diagnostic quality, there are some technical factors that could be improved. Specifically, it notes that the collimation is centered slightly low at T8 instead of the ideal T7 level, and that the patient appears rotated slightly to the right side as their right clavicle and lung field are higher and farther from the spine than the left. The summary provides recommendations to improve patient positioning and centering for future images.
This image evaluation provides a detailed analysis of a PA hand x-ray image based on standards of HIPAA compliance, marker and patient identification, radiation hygiene, completeness of positioning/projection, artifact identification, image sharpness, accurate part positioning, and judicious exposure technique. While meeting minimum acceptance criteria, the summary identifies areas for improvement, including inclusion of soft tissue, proper marker and technologist identification, collimation on three sides, and centering of the CR. The evaluator recommends accepting the image with corrections.
This document evaluates an AP knee x-ray image for quality, positioning, and compliance with standards. It finds that the image meets acceptance criteria overall but could be improved by better centering and removing artifacts. While diagnostic, the striped pattern over the distal femur should be identified and avoided in future images. Proper positioning and technique were utilized, though the contrast appears more grey than black and white as preferred.
The image shows a lateral view of the thoracic spine but does not have proper markers or positioning. Specifically, it is missing a left side marker and the patient is slightly posterior and off-center. The collimation is also insufficient. However, the image quality is adequate with appropriate contrast and brightness. While exposure factors cannot be confirmed without an EI value, the image appears adequately exposed. Overall, the anatomical part is not correctly positioned due to under rotation seen by insufficient rib superimposition and issues need to be addressed regarding markers and collimation to meet proper protocol.
The image is of an AP hip x-ray. It meets HIPAA compliance standards and shows the correct anatomy, but some improvements could be made. Specifically, the CR is not centered on the femoral neck. Additionally, gonadal shielding should have been used since the gonads were within 5cm of the primary beam. Minor internal rotation of the lower limb could also have reduced visibility of the lesser trochanter. Overall the image is acceptable but positioning and shielding could be improved upon if the image needed to be repeated.
1. This lateral ankle x-ray shows correct anatomical positioning but could be improved with minor adjustments to marker placement and centering.
2. The image quality is good with appropriate brightness, contrast and absence of artifacts or distortions.
3. A few minor corrections are recommended including rotating the marker lengthwise and slightly lower centering on the medial malleolus.
The document summarizes various radiographic views of the hip and sacroiliac joints. It describes the anatomy of the hip joint and pelvis. It provides details on patient positioning and technical factors for common hip and pelvis x-rays, including anteroposterior, lateral, oblique, and axial views. Key anatomy that should be visualized for each projection is highlighted.
This document provides information on various knee radiographic views including:
- AP, lateral, tunnel, oblique views of the knee joint
- Weight bearing AP view
- Patella PA, lateral, oblique axial views
- Various tangential views of the patella including sunrise, Hughston, Settegast, seated, Merchant, and Laurine views
It describes the patient positioning, part positioning, direction of the central ray, and evaluation criteria for each view to properly assess the knee anatomy and identify any abnormalities.
Keratometry is used to measure the curvature of the cornea by analyzing the reflection of light off its surface. It works by projecting illuminated circles called mires onto the cornea and measuring the size of the reflected image to calculate the radius of curvature. The main uses of keratometry include measuring corneal astigmatism, estimating contact lens power, and detecting irregularities like keratoconus. Modern instruments automate the process but traditional keratometers require aligning the mires and adjusting knobs until the doubled images come into close alignment. Factors like blinking, eye movements, and irregular corneas can impact the accuracy of measurements.
This image evaluation analyzes an oblique PA hand x-ray for HIPAA compliance, markers, radiation safety, positioning, artifacts, sharpness, and exposure technique. It finds that while the image protects patient privacy and identifies the left hand, the collimation is inadequate, a ring artifact is present, and the hand is over-rotated causing metacarpal superimposition. However, as this was likely a trauma case, the evaluator would not repeat the image but provide feedback to improve future exams by removing jewelry, adjusting positioning, and ensuring proper centering and collimation.
Mammography positioning technique for MLO View Selin Prasad
The document provides guidance on proper positioning technique for medio-lateral (MLO) mammography views. Key points include:
1. Positioning aims to visualize the entire breast parenchyma while avoiding superimposition of structures.
2. Prerequisites for successful positioning include choosing an appropriate tube angle and image receptor height/position based on the patient's anatomy.
3. Technique involves pulling the breast gently but firmly upward and outward, away from the chest wall, while applying compression to separate tissues for clear visualization.
Este documento describe varias redes sociales educativas como The Capsuled, Edmodo y otras. The Capsuled permite a usuarios compartir y generar contenido educativo de forma abierta y visual. Edmodo permite la creación de grupos de aprendizaje donde usuarios pueden compartir archivos, crear cursos y tomar tests. Otras redes sociales como Edmodo facilitan la comunicación entre estudiantes y profesores en un entorno privado.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document provides details on the launch plan for DoodleBoard, a portable whiteboard product. It outlines the company overview, target market, marketing and sales strategy, operations, suppliers, and budgets. Key points include:
- DoodleBoard aims to bring the usefulness of whiteboards anywhere by providing a portable and durable 18" x 18" folding whiteboard.
- The target market is the Babson community including students, faculty, and visitors, as well as neighboring schools.
- Marketing will utilize social media, events, and an online storefront. The initial order is for 150 whiteboards.
- Operations will source whiteboards, dry erase stickers, and markers from three suppliers and over
Adam Mueller has over 15 years of experience in clinical research compliance and operations. He currently serves as the Clinical Research Compliance Officer at the University of Utah, where he directs their clinical trials management system and oversees $5.2 million in research charges annually. Previously he worked as an All Source Intelligence Analyst in the US Army National Guard, analyzing intelligence to improve situational awareness for commanders. He holds an MBA with a specialization in Finance from New York Institute of Technology.
The document proposes redoing a kitchen in red. It provides contact information for Kuya Ondieko via email or phone number to get more details on the proposed red kitchen remodel. The document is brief and focuses on introducing the idea of a red kitchen remodel and providing contact information for the person proposing the project.
This document evaluates an image of a stretcher chest x-ray for accuracy and quality. It analyzes the image for HIPAA compliance, proper anatomical markers, radiation safety, positioning, artifacts, sharpness, and technical exposure factors. Overall, the evaluator determines that the image meets evaluation criteria to be accepted, but could be improved by adjusting collimation and ensuring proper shoulder depression. References are also provided.
Final Image Evaluation: Left Lateral Lumbar SpineNBlankz
This document discusses the evaluation of a lateral lumbar spine radiograph. It finds that the image is generally of diagnostic quality, with the vertebrae and disk spaces visible. However, it notes that beam restriction could be improved by including a fourth side, and the patient positioning could be adjusted by bringing them slightly back towards the radiographer. With some minor changes to positioning and technique, the image would meet full acceptance criteria. Overall, the evaluator would accept this image but aims to provide feedback to improve future images.
This document provides an analysis of an AP projection radiographic image of the lower leg. It examines the image for technical quality factors such as positioning, anatomy visibility, radiation safety and exposure technique. Overall the image meets diagnostic quality standards, showing the tibia, fibula and joints clearly. Some adjustments could improve the image such as reducing brightness at the joints, adding a compensating filter and ensuring no leg rotation. With minor adjustments, the technologist would accept this image.
This document provides an evaluation of an AP axial cervical spine x-ray image. The evaluation identifies several issues with the image including a lack of patient positioning markers, improper centering and alignment of the cervical spine, and artifacts from clothing and equipment. Based on the criteria outlined for an acceptable AP axial cervical spine image, this image does not meet standards and should be rejected. Corrections such as adding positioning markers, adjusting the cervical spine alignment, and removing artifacts are needed before accepting the image.
This document evaluates a PA chest x-ray image. It finds that while the image is of diagnostic quality, there are some technical factors that could be improved. Specifically, it notes that the collimation is centered slightly low at T8 instead of the ideal T7 level, and that the patient appears rotated slightly to the right side as their right clavicle and lung field are higher and farther from the spine than the left. The summary provides recommendations to improve patient positioning and centering for future images.
This image evaluation provides a detailed analysis of a PA hand x-ray image based on standards of HIPAA compliance, marker and patient identification, radiation hygiene, completeness of positioning/projection, artifact identification, image sharpness, accurate part positioning, and judicious exposure technique. While meeting minimum acceptance criteria, the summary identifies areas for improvement, including inclusion of soft tissue, proper marker and technologist identification, collimation on three sides, and centering of the CR. The evaluator recommends accepting the image with corrections.
This document evaluates an AP knee x-ray image for quality, positioning, and compliance with standards. It finds that the image meets acceptance criteria overall but could be improved by better centering and removing artifacts. While diagnostic, the striped pattern over the distal femur should be identified and avoided in future images. Proper positioning and technique were utilized, though the contrast appears more grey than black and white as preferred.
The image shows a lateral view of the thoracic spine but does not have proper markers or positioning. Specifically, it is missing a left side marker and the patient is slightly posterior and off-center. The collimation is also insufficient. However, the image quality is adequate with appropriate contrast and brightness. While exposure factors cannot be confirmed without an EI value, the image appears adequately exposed. Overall, the anatomical part is not correctly positioned due to under rotation seen by insufficient rib superimposition and issues need to be addressed regarding markers and collimation to meet proper protocol.
The image is of an AP hip x-ray. It meets HIPAA compliance standards and shows the correct anatomy, but some improvements could be made. Specifically, the CR is not centered on the femoral neck. Additionally, gonadal shielding should have been used since the gonads were within 5cm of the primary beam. Minor internal rotation of the lower limb could also have reduced visibility of the lesser trochanter. Overall the image is acceptable but positioning and shielding could be improved upon if the image needed to be repeated.
1. This lateral ankle x-ray shows correct anatomical positioning but could be improved with minor adjustments to marker placement and centering.
2. The image quality is good with appropriate brightness, contrast and absence of artifacts or distortions.
3. A few minor corrections are recommended including rotating the marker lengthwise and slightly lower centering on the medial malleolus.
The document summarizes various radiographic views of the hip and sacroiliac joints. It describes the anatomy of the hip joint and pelvis. It provides details on patient positioning and technical factors for common hip and pelvis x-rays, including anteroposterior, lateral, oblique, and axial views. Key anatomy that should be visualized for each projection is highlighted.
This document provides information on various knee radiographic views including:
- AP, lateral, tunnel, oblique views of the knee joint
- Weight bearing AP view
- Patella PA, lateral, oblique axial views
- Various tangential views of the patella including sunrise, Hughston, Settegast, seated, Merchant, and Laurine views
It describes the patient positioning, part positioning, direction of the central ray, and evaluation criteria for each view to properly assess the knee anatomy and identify any abnormalities.
Keratometry is used to measure the curvature of the cornea by analyzing the reflection of light off its surface. It works by projecting illuminated circles called mires onto the cornea and measuring the size of the reflected image to calculate the radius of curvature. The main uses of keratometry include measuring corneal astigmatism, estimating contact lens power, and detecting irregularities like keratoconus. Modern instruments automate the process but traditional keratometers require aligning the mires and adjusting knobs until the doubled images come into close alignment. Factors like blinking, eye movements, and irregular corneas can impact the accuracy of measurements.
This image evaluation analyzes an oblique PA hand x-ray for HIPAA compliance, markers, radiation safety, positioning, artifacts, sharpness, and exposure technique. It finds that while the image protects patient privacy and identifies the left hand, the collimation is inadequate, a ring artifact is present, and the hand is over-rotated causing metacarpal superimposition. However, as this was likely a trauma case, the evaluator would not repeat the image but provide feedback to improve future exams by removing jewelry, adjusting positioning, and ensuring proper centering and collimation.
Mammography positioning technique for MLO View Selin Prasad
The document provides guidance on proper positioning technique for medio-lateral (MLO) mammography views. Key points include:
1. Positioning aims to visualize the entire breast parenchyma while avoiding superimposition of structures.
2. Prerequisites for successful positioning include choosing an appropriate tube angle and image receptor height/position based on the patient's anatomy.
3. Technique involves pulling the breast gently but firmly upward and outward, away from the chest wall, while applying compression to separate tissues for clear visualization.
This document analyzes an x-ray image of a patient's AC joints without weights. It assesses the image for HIPAA compliance, correct anatomical markers and positioning, radiation safety standards, and image quality criteria. Overall, the image shows slight rotation of the shoulders and risk of clipping the left AC joint. The technique could be adjusted to provide more bone detail and the wire should be moved out of the exposure field. The author would reject this image and request positioning and technique corrections.
This document discusses spine imaging and the cervical and thoracolumbar spine. It provides guidelines for systematic evaluation of spine radiographs including coverage, alignment, bones, spacing, soft tissues and image edges. Key points covered are clinical considerations for cervical spine imaging, views used, and a three column model for assessing thoracolumbar spine stability based on which columns are injured. Detailed analysis methods are presented for evaluating the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine on radiographs.
This document provides guidance on radiographic evaluation of the spine. It discusses cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine radiography, including standard views, systematic evaluation approaches, and normal anatomy. Key points include the importance of clinical assessment in interpreting cervical spine films, and the "three column model" for assessing thoracolumbar spine stability based on which vertebral columns are injured. Detailed systematic approaches are presented to thoroughly evaluate spine radiographs for coverage, alignment, bone integrity, disc spacing, soft tissues and image edges.
The document discusses spine radiography and provides guidelines for evaluating cervical and thoracolumbar spine x-rays. It emphasizes using a systematic approach to evaluate coverage, alignment, bones, spacing, soft tissues and image edges. Factors like normal anatomy, fracture patterns and the three-column injury model are reviewed. Clinical assessment is important as some fractures may be missed on x-rays alone. CT may be needed if injury is suspected or x-rays are unclear.
The document provides guidance on cervical and thoracic spine radiography. It discusses patient positioning and technical factors for various projections including AP, lateral, and oblique views. Optimal visualization of spinal structures depends on centering the x-ray beam correctly and minimizing overlay of surrounding anatomy.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
2. HIPAA Compliance
• This image is HIPAA compliant
• There is no information provided
on this image that could identify a
patient or an imaging facility
• It does not violate patient
confidentiality
4. Marker and Patient ID
• The correct right anatomical marker
should be placed on the lateral side of
the patient’s body, indicating it is a right
knee, so it is displayed on the viewer’s
left side
• Marker should include the technologist’s
identification
• It should not superimpose any pertinent
anatomy
• A portable marker should have been
used along with the time in some
hospital protocols
• The image is now displayed correctly
based on my marker placement
JW
Portable
time
5. Radiation Hygiene
• An image must have a minimum of three
sides of beam restriction and (1) of these
sides should be closest to the patient’s
gonads
• This is especially true while doing
portables (Technologist’s should also
wear a minimum of 0.25 mm/Pb eq)
• Gonadal shielding is required if the gonads
are within 5 cm of the primary beam
• This image does not display appropriate
beam restriction and is only clearly visible on
two sides of the border
• There is no evidence of primary or additional
shielding
JW
Portable
time
6. Completeness of
Position/Projection
• Routine imaging of the knee includes:
• AP projection, posterior position
• 45° AP (medial/internal) oblique
• 45° AP (lateral/external) oblique
• Mediolateral projection
• Additional images depending on hospital/facility
protocol:
• PA/AP axial intercondylar fossa projection
• Tangential patella projection
• This image is a routine projection and all
anatomical parts are visualized on the
image, but not correctly positioned
time
7. Artifact
Identification
• There appears to be no preventable physical
artifacts present on the image
• There appears to be no body parts
superimposed over the image
• There appears to be no hospital
paraphernalia present
• There appears to be no patient clothing
visible
• There appears to be no indwelling
artifacts/foreign bodies visible on this image
time
8. Artifact Identification
• There appears to be no
excessive fog affecting
the quality of the image
• There appears to be no
CR/DR artifact on the
image
time
9. Image Sharpness
• There appears to be no
gross voluntary motion
visible on the image
• There appears to be no
excessive quantum mottle
present in the image
time
10. Image Sharpness
• There appears to be no
evidence of a double or
previous exposure
• Grid lines, grid artifact, &/or
grid cut-off are not visible on
the image because a grid
might not have been used
&/or a high frequency could
have been used since it was
done portably
time
11. Image Sharpness
• Size distortion does not appear to be greater than
expected for this image because OID is minimal in this
position
• The CR is not properly centered to femorotibial joint
space, but less than 1 cm
• There is evidence of slight shape distortion due to the
CR/part misalignment
• Due to the insufficient 5 degree cephalic angle that
should have been used because the patient’s thigh
thickness appears to be >25 cm the tibial plateau
does not appear to be perpendicular to IR
• The patellar apex sits closer to the upper joint space
also indicating the CR was not proper angled
time
12. Accurate Part Position
• The part does appear to be
aligned parallel to the image
media
• The part is slightly off-centered
to the image media
time
13. Accurate Part Position
• The CR is off centered slightly laterally to the
femorotibial joint space, but within 1 cm of the
anatomical part
• The CR is adequately aligned to the image
media
• The CR’s alignment does not appear to
conform to an acceptable IR exposure
recognition field due to the lack of only two
sides of collimation
time
14. Accurate Part Position
According to Kathy McQuillen Martensen’s Radiographic Image Analysis and Merrill’s Atlas:
• 40” SID and 10 x 12” IR
• Position the patient supine, with the knee joint centered to the IR
• Internally rotate the leg until the femoral epicondyles are at a 45 degree angle with the IR
• Angle the CR to align it parallel with the tibial plateau
• To do so measure the patient from the ASIS to the table after the patient has been
accurately positioned to determine the correct CR angulation (use a caliper and do not
include abdominal tissue in measurement)
• 5 degree caudal if ASIS to tabletop measurement is 18 cm below
• Perpendicular if ASIS to tabletop is between 19-24 cm
• 5 degrees cephalic angle if ASIS to tabletop is 25 cm or greater
** It is not uncommon to require a cephalic angle for the AP medial oblique when a
perpendicular or caudal angle was used for an AP projection because the patients hips
are elevated
• Center the CR to the midline of the knee 1 inch distal to the medial epicondyle (Martensen)
• Center the CR to the knee joint at ½ inch distal to the patellar apex (Merrill’s)
• Longitudinally collimate to include ¼ of the distal femus and proximal lower leg
• Transversely collimate to 0.5 inch of the knee skin line
• Table bucky and a grid should be used if the knee is greater than 10 cm part thickness,
however when done portable a stationary grid would be used
15. Accurate Part Position
According to Kathy McQuillen Martensen’s Radiographic Image
Analysis and Merrill’s Atlas:
Evaluation Criteria:
• Fibular head is seen free of tibial superimposition (Martensen)
• Lateral femoral condyle is in profile without superimposing the medial
condyle
• Knee joint space is open: when correct obliquity is used (Bontrager)
• The anterior and posterior condylar margins of the tibia are aligned
• Fibular head is approximately 0.5 in distal to the tibial plateau
• Knee joint is at the center of the exposure field
• Tibia and fibula should be separated at their proximal articulations
• Posterior tibia should be visible
• ¼ of the distal femur and proximal lower leg included
• Margin of the patella projecting slightly beyond the medial side of the
femoral condylar leg and the surrounding knee soft tissue are
included with the exposure field
16. Accurate Part Position
Evaluation• A minimum of three sides of beam restriction should be
demonstrated
• The CR is centered slightly laterally to the femorotibial joint
• The CR appears to have been directed perpendicular
causing the tibial plateau to not appear perpendicular to the
IR, therefore a 5 degree cephalic angle should have been
used due to the patient’s thigh thickness >25cm
• The anterior and posterior condyles of the tibia are not
superimposed due to incorrect CR angulation
• The patellar apex sits closer to the upper joint space also
indicating the CR was not proper angled
• The knee does not appear to be sufficiently rotated to 45
degrees because the tibia is superimposed over the fibula
head and also demonstrating a partially closed tibiofibular
articulation
time
17. Accurate Part Position
Evaluation
• All pertinent anatomy is included on
the image
• The anatomical part is not positioned
correctly based on my assessment of
the evaluation criteria
time
18. Accurate Part Position
Evaluation
• The most radiolucent structure is
the surrounding soft tissue and
knee joint (which should be open)
and it is visible on the image
• The most radiopaque structure is
the bony cortex and it is visible
on the image time
19. Judicious Exposure Technique
• Assessment of Image Contrast
(Window Width)
• Contrast is determined by the
number of grays produced on an
image
• Extremities should be displayed
with short scale contrast,
showing many shades of gray
• The image appears to have
adequate contrast
time
20. Judicious Exposure Technique
• Assessment of Image’s
Brightness (Window Level)
• The image’s brightness is the
balance between light and dark
areas on the image and it
appears to be acceptable
because you are able to visualize
the soft tissue, bony trabeculi and
cortex
• I would expect the overall EI
value to be within normal range
time
21. Accept/Reject?
This image should be repeated because it does not meet
minimal established standards
Required corrections:
• Use a correctly placed right marker with technologist
identification and a portable marker along with the time
the exposure was taken
• Include a minimum of three sides of collimation
• Center the CR to the femoroibial joint space
• Rotate the knee internally to 45 degrees so the tibia
does not superimpose over the fibula head articulation
• Angle to CR approximately 5 degrees cephalically to
ensure the tibial plateau is perpendicular to the IR
• Aligning the anterior and posterior condyles of the tibia to
superimpose one another
• Angulation will also rotate the patellar apex superiorly and
medially away from the joint space
time
22. Sources
Frank, E, Long, B, & Smith, B. Merrill’s atlas of radiographic
positioning and procedures. 12th ed. St. Louis, MO:
Mosby, 2012.
McQuillen-Martensen, K. (2015). Radiographic image analysis.
Vol 4. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier
Saint Mary’s Medical Center