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OBESITY IN MINORITIES
Tianna Cobb
OUTLINE
 Obesity overview
 Obesity in Minorities
 Exercise needs
 General Exercise Prescription
WHAT IS OBESITY?3,6
 According to the WHO obesity can be defined as
abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may
impair health.
 BMI ≥ 30 is classified as obese
CAUSES OF OBESITY1,4
 Decrease in physical activity
 Work
 Transportation
 Increase in urbanization
 Increase intake of energy-dense food
 High in fat
HEALTH CONSEQUENCES2,4
 Diabetes
 Musculoskeletal
disorders
 Cancer
 Cardiovascular
diseases
 Heart disease
 Stroke
OBESITY PREVALENCE IN U.S.2

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MINORITY OBESITY1,4
 Imposes a larger
threat
 In the year 2040
minority groups will
be 50% of the
population
 Affects more
minorities due to
socioeconomic status
FACTORS WHICH CAN CAUSE OBESITY1,4,5
 Environment
 Genetics
 Lifestyle behaviors
 Increased availability
of commercial food
 Decreased availability
of healthy food
 Little/no health
facilities
FACTORS INCREASING OBESITY RISK1
 Environmental
 Psychosocial
 Biological conditions
 Socioeconomical
MINORITIES AND OBESITY1
 Cultural factors are important
 Symptom recognition
 Health care
 Excess burden
 CV risk factors
 High BP
 Diabetes
 Obesity (physical inactivity)
GETTING THE OBESE ACTIVE3
 ACSM Guidelines:
 “Every U.S. adult should accumulate 30 minutes or
more of moderate-intensity physical activity on most,
preferably all, days of the week”
 10% reduction in weight can greatly reduce the risk
for CV disease
GUIDELINES FOLLOWED TO ACHIEVE
WEIGHT LOSS5
 Use HR for exercise intensity
 Increase duration to increase energy expenditure
 Increase intensity in small increments
 Distribute load
 Interval-workouts (helps with transitioning)

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EXERCISE PROGRAM4
EXERCISE NEEDS6
 When performing exercise testing
 Timing of medication
 Comorbidities
 Low exercise capacity individuals
 2-3 METs
EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION3
 Targets:
 Reducing energy intake by 500 – 1,000 kcal
 Minimum activity of 150 min/wk
 Increase physical activity (> 250 min/wk)
 Minimal reduction in BW by 5%-10% in 3
months
 Promote healthy eating and increased activity
 Healthy lifestyle
EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION7
 Aerobic Training
 Resistance Training
 Proprioceptive Training
Training
Method
Mode Intensity Frequency Duration Goals
Aerobic Walking,
swimming,
jump rope,
biking
40%-60% of
HRR
5 days/week 30 minutes Improve CV
health,
2,000-2,800
kcals
expended
Resistance Machines,
free
weights,
elastic
bands
8-12
repetitions
per set
2-3
days/week
30-45
minutes
Increased
strength
ROM Static
stretching
Within
comfort
level
Daily 10-30s each
stretch
Increased
ROM
Warm-
up/Cool-
down
Walking,
biking
Slightly
above
comfort
level
Before
exercises
5-10
minutes
Increased
oxygenation
to muscles
during
exercises
REVIEW
 Obesity overview
 Obesity in Minorities
 Exercise needs
 General Exercise Prescription

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SOURCES
1. Calzada, P., & Anderson-Worts, P. (n.d.). The Obesity Epidemic:
Are Minority Individuals Equally Affected?Primary Care: Clinics
in Office Practice, 307-317.
2. http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/index.html
3. Donnelly, J., Blair, S., Jakicic, J., Manore, M., Rankin, J., &
Smith, B. (n.d.). Appropriate Physical Activity Intervention
Strategies for Weight Loss and Prevention of Weight Regain for
Adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 459-471.
4. Google Images
5. Howley, Ph.D., FACSM, E., Bassett, Jr., Ph.D., FACSM, D., &
Thompson, Ph.D., FACSM, D. (2005). Get Them Moving:
Balancing Weight with Physical Activity Part II. ACSM's Health
& Fitness Journal, 9(1), 19-24.
6. Jakicic, Ph.D., FACSM, J., & Otto, Ph.D., RD, LDN, A. (2005).
Motivating Change: Modifying Eating and Exercise Behaviors for
Weight Management. ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal, 9(1), 6-
12.
7. Pescatello, L. (2014). ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and
prescription (9th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins Health.
8. http://www.who.int/topics/obesity/en/
QUESTIONS??4