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NUTRIENTS macro micro origin types .pptx
1. SHARDA SCHOOL OF NURSING SCIENCE
AND RESEARCH
NUTRIENTS
PRESENTED BY:
M.C.KNIRANDA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
SSNSR, SU.
2. INTRODUCTION
โถ There are seven main classes of nutrients that the body
needs. These are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins,
minerals, fibre and water. It is important that everyone
consumes these seven nutrients on a daily basis to help them
build their bodies and maintain their health. Deficiencies,
excesses and imbalances in diet can produce negative
impacts on health, which may lead to diseases.
4. CLASSIFICATION OF NUTRIENTS OR ELEMENTS
OF NUTRITION
MACRO NUTRIENTS
โข Carbohydrates
โข Fats
โข Proteins
โข Water
โข Fibre
MICRO NUTRIENTS
โข Vitamins
โข Minerals
5. 1. Macronutrients
2. โMacroโ means large
3. These are nutrients which people need to eat regularly and
in a fairly large amount.
4. They include carbohydrates, fats, proteins, fibre and water.
5. These substances are needed for the supply of energy and
growth, for metabolism and other body functions.
6. 1. CARBOHYDRATE
โถ Carbohydrates are referred to as energy-giving foods.
โถThey provide energy in the form of calories that the body
needs to be able to work, and to support other functions.
โถThey are the bodyโs main source of fuel because they are
easily converted into energy.
โถThe main sources of carbohydrates are bread, wheat,
potatoes ,maize, rice, vegetables etc.
7. 2. PROTEINS
โถ Proteins are building blocks.
โถProteins are needed in our diets for growth and to improve
immune functions.
โถThey also play an important role in making essential
hormones and enzymes, in tissue repair etc.
โถ The main sources of proteins are meats, chicken, eggs,
breastmilk, beans, ground nuts, lentils, fish, cheese and
milk.
8. 3. FATS
โถ Fats and oils are concentrated sources of energy
โถ Fats can make meals more tasty and satisfying.
โถ Excessive fat consumption lead to cardiovascular disorders.
โถFat is found in meat, chicken, milk products, butters,
creams, avocado, cooking oils, cheese, fish and ground
nuts.
9. 4. WATER
โถ Water is a clear fluid essential for life.
โถPeople can live without solid food for a few weeks, but we
cannot live without water for more than a few days.
โถ We need water for a number of reasons:
๏ผ Making fluids such as tears, digestive juices and
breastmilk.
๏ผ For keeping the lining of the mouth, intestine, eyelids and
lungs wet and healthy.
๏ผ For the production of urine
10. 5. FIBRE
โถ Fibre is a mixture of different carbohydrates which are
not digested like other nutrients but pass through the gut
nearly unchanged.
โถ Fibre makes food bulky or bigger
โถ Fibre makes the faeces soft and bulky; this can help prevent
constipation
11. II. Micronutrients
โถ โmicroโmeans small
โถ Micronutrients are substances which people need in their
diet in only small amounts.
โถ These include minerals and vitamins.
โถMost foods are mixtures of nutrients( in 1 food more than 1
nutrient may be present)
12. 1. VITAMINS
โถVitamins are groups of related substances present in small
amounts in foodstuffs and are necessary for the body to
function normally.
โถ Vitamins are also called protective foods.
โถ Vitamins are classified into two groups:
1) Fat soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E and K) are
soluble in fats and fat solvents. They are insoluble in
water.
2) Water soluble vitamins (vitamins B and C) are soluble
in water and so they cannot be stored in the body.
โถThe best sources of micronutrients in our diets are fruits and
vegetables.
13. 2. MINERALS
โถMinerals are the substances that need to ensure the health
and correct working of their soft tissues, fluids and their
skeleton.
โถ Examples of minerals include calcium, iron, iodine,
fluorine, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, selenium, and
sodium.
14.
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17. CONCLUSION
๏ผ Nutrients are molecules in food that all organisms need
to make energy, grow, develop, and reproduce.
๏ผ There are two main types of nutrients, macronutrients
and micronutrients.
๏ผ The three main categories of macronutrients include
carbohydrate, protein, and fat.
๏ผ The two types of micronutrients are vitamins and
minerals.
๏ผ Organic nutrients contain carbon chains but inorganic
nutrients do not contain carbon chains.
๏ผ Carbohydrates, fats and proteins are energy yielding
nutrients and vitamins, minerals and water are non
energy yielding nutrients.