NURSING THEORISTS

2. Betty Neuman
•Born in 1924 on a farm near Lowell, Ohio.
• After completion of her initial nursing
education, she moved to Los Angeles to live
with relatives.
•Worked in a variety of nursing roles always
with an interest in human behavior.
•She attended UCLA; graduated 1957 with a
double major in Public Health and
Psychology.
•Helped her husband to establish and
manage his medical practice

3. Introduction
• ■ Neumans systems model is unique system based perspective that provides
a unifying focus for approaching a wide range of nursing concerns.
• ■ The model is dynamic because it is based on the client's continuous
relationship to environmental stress factors, which have a
potential for causing a reaction, or obvious symptomatic reaction to stress, or
could affect reconstitution following Rx of stress reaction

4. •A nursing theory developed by Betty Neuman
is based on the person’s relationship to stress,
response, and reconstitution factors that are
progressive in nature.

5. HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF
THEORIST
•the models was initially Developed in response to graduate nursing student
expression of a need for course content. That would expose them to breadth
of nursing problem. Prior to focusing on specific nursing problem areas
•The model was published in 1972 as ”A Model for teaching total person
Approach to patient problems” in Nursing Research.
•it was refined, and subsequently published in the first edition of conceptual
models for Nursing Practice, in 1974 and in the second edition in 1980

6. NEUMANN`S WORM & THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF A THEORY
• •Theories can be the bases for hypotheses, that can be tested.
• • Theories contribute to and assist in, increasing the general body of
knowledge within the discipline, through the research implemented to
validate them.
• • Theories connects the interrelated concepts in such a way, as to create a
different way of looking at a particular phenomenon
• *Theories must be logical in nature.
• *Theories should be relatively simple yet generalizable.

15. 7. Primary prevention relates to general knowledge
applied to clients assessment to identify stressors
before they occur.
8.Secondary prevention relates to symptomatology.
These are interventions generally initiated after an
encounter with a stressor.
9.Tertiary prevention relates to the adaptive process, as
reconstitution begins and moves back towards primary
prevention. These

16. STRESSORS
• •Intrapersonal
• -occur within the individual (e, g Infections, thought and feelings)
• •Interpersonal
• -occur between one or more individuals
• •Extrapersonal
• -occur outside the individual (e.g, finance concerns or school responsibilities)