The document outlines various healthcare delivery systems, emphasizing the roles of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention in patient care. It discusses different nursing care delivery models, including functional/task nursing, team nursing, primary nursing, and total nursing care, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. The content illustrates the importance of structured nursing care and the impact on patient outcomes and relationships.

1. Health care delivery

2. Health care Delivery System
• A health care system is the totality of services offered by all health disciplines
• Types of healthcare services
• Primary prevention; Health promotion and illness prevention
• Health promotion emphasize the important role clients play in
maintaining their own health and encourage them to maintain the highest
level of wellness they can achieve.
• Illness prevention programs involve identifying risk factors for illnesses,
and helping people take measures to prevent these illnesses from occurring

3. Types of healthcare services
• Secondary Prevention: Diagnosis and Treatment
• This is the largest segment of health care services was dedicated to the
diagnosis and treatment of illness
• Tertiary Prevention: Rehabilitation, Health Restoration, and Palliative Care
• The goal of tertiary prevention is to help people move to their previous level
of health (i.e., to their previous capabilities) or to the highest level they are
capable of given their current health status

4. Nursing Care Delivery
Modalities

5. Models used in nursing care delivery
• Refers to how nursing activities / nursing care is carried out
in an institution
• Nursing care can be carried out through a variety of
organizational methods.
• The model of nursing care used varies greatly from one
facility to another and from one set of patient
circumstances to another

6. Functional/ Task Nursing
• This kind of nursing modality is task-oriented in which a particular nursing function is
assigned to each worker.
• The specific function is performed for all patients in a given unit, and all report to the
head nurse.
• One registered nurse may be responsible for giving medications, another nurse for
admission and discharges while nursing attendants change linen, provide hygienic care
or do simple procedures for which they have trained.

7. • This method divides the work to be done with each person being
responsible to the Head or Senior Nurse.
• Suitable when there are many patients and professional nurses are
few.
• It is suitable only for short-term use. If continued, it fragments the
care of patients to tasks only.

8. Functional / Task Nursing
• Advantages
• Allows most work to be accomplished in the shortest time possible
• Workers gain skill faster in a particular task because of repetitive task
• Greater control over work activities and it is aimed at conservation of workers
and cost.
• Disadvantages
• Fragmentation of nursing care and therefore holistic care is not achieved
• Nurses accountability and responsibility is diminished
• Nurse-patient relationship is not fully developed
• Evaluation of nursing care is poor and outcomes are rarely documented

9. TEAM NURSING
• Team nursing is based on philosophy in which groups of professional and non-
professional personnel work together to identify, plan, implement and evaluate
comprehensive client-centered care.
• The key concept is a group that works together toward a common goal, providing
qualitative comprehensive nursing care.
• Team nursing was designed to accommodate several categories of personnel in
meeting the comprehensive nursing needs of a group of clients

10. Team nursing cont..
• The objective of team nursing is to give the best possible quality of patient care by utilizing
the abilities of every member of the staff to the fullest extent and by providing close
supervision both of patient care and of the individuals who give it.
• In team nursing, a RN functions as a team leader and coordinates the small group (no more
than four or five) of ancillary personnel to provide care to a small group of patients.
• As coordinator of the team, the RN must know the condition and needs of all patients
assigned to the team and plan for individualized care for each patient.

11. Team Nursing
• Advantages
• Each team member is able to contribute his or her own special expertise or skills in
caring for the patient.
• Cost-effective system because it works with all cadres of nursing
• Feeling of participation and belonging are facilitated with team members.
• Work load is balanced and shared.
• Every team member has the opportunity to learn from and teach colleagues
• Disadvantages
• Establishing a team concept takes time, effort and constancy of personnel. Merely
assigning people to a group does not make them a ‘group’ or ‘team’.
• Unstable staffing pattern make team nursing difficult.
• Continuity of care may suffer if the daily team assignments vary and the patient is
confronted with many different caregivers.
• Requires the team leader to have leadership skills .

12. Primary Nursing
• Method of nursing practice which emphasizes continuity of care by having one RN (often
teamed with a nurse assistant) provide complete care for a small group of inpatients
within a nursing unit.
• The "primary nurse" is responsible for coordinating all aspects of care for the same group
of patients throughout their stay in a given area.
• The primary nurse has the responsibility for the nursing care of the patient 24 hours a
day, from admission through discharge.
• Assessment of nursing care needs, collaboration with the patient and other health
professionals, and formulation of the plan of care are all responsibilities of the primary
nurse.

13. Primary nursing
• Execution of the nursing care plan is delegated by the primary nurse to a
secondary nurse during other shifts.
• Authority, accountability, and autonomy rest with the primary nurse.
Advantages
• Encourages holistic nursing care
• Client becomes familiar with the care giver
• Allows for accountability and responsibility from the professional nurses
Disadvantages
• Requires a high nurse: patient ratio

14. Total Nursing Care
• An RN is responsible for all aspects of care of one or more clients
• The RN is assigned to take care of the clients, only for the current duty shift
• The nurse works directly with the client, family, physician and other health care
team members
• The model has a shift based focus

15. Total Nursing Care
• Advantages:
• Consistency in carrying out the nursing care plan
• Patient needs are quickly met as high number of RN hours are spent on the
patient
• Relationship based on trust is developed between the RN and the patient’s
family
• Disadvantage:
• It can be very costly

16. Assignment
• Read and make notes on:
• Case management
• Differentiated practice