After the successful NSP 2017-2025,Goi is lauching NSP 2017-2025 for elimination of TB on 24th march( World TB day ) 2017. Module is on MOHFW site but i have try to keep it brief,hope its ll be useful specially for academic and administrative purposes.
management of childhood tuberculosis in 2023.pptxPathKind Labs
diagnosis of childhood TB is a challange, but if we follow a system of screening and then appropriate diagnostic tests following contact tracing, we are likely to identify children with infection or disease and put them on appropriate treatment.
After the successful NSP 2017-2025,Goi is lauching NSP 2017-2025 for elimination of TB on 24th march( World TB day ) 2017. Module is on MOHFW site but i have try to keep it brief,hope its ll be useful specially for academic and administrative purposes.
management of childhood tuberculosis in 2023.pptxPathKind Labs
diagnosis of childhood TB is a challange, but if we follow a system of screening and then appropriate diagnostic tests following contact tracing, we are likely to identify children with infection or disease and put them on appropriate treatment.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdf
NTEP.pptx
1. Tuberculosis Elimination Strategies
Challenges and Road Map
Dr Shazia Anjum MBBS DNB MPH
World Health Organization
State Head Quarter Medical Consultant
National TB Elimination Programme
Karnataka, Bangalore
2. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
• Causative agent of Tuberculosis
• Robert Koch announced discovery of M. TB on 24th March 1882
• Fairly large (2-4 μm x 0.2-0.5μm) non-motile rod-shaped bacterium
• Obligate aerobe
• Slow generation time15-20 hrs
• Has a waxy coating on cell surface due to mycolic acid
• Impervious to gram staining
• Needs acid fast stains (ZN/Auramin-O)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis scanning
electron micrograph; CDC.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ziehl-Neelsen
stain light microscopy CDC.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Colonial
morphology; CDC.
3. TB disease
A Microbiologically confirmed untreated
Pul TB case can transmit disease to at least
10 to 15 people in a year and remain
infectious for 2-3 years
Contacts of an active case are at 10 to 60
times higher risk of developing the
disease
4.
5.
6. Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP)
• National TB Control Programme (NTCP) was launched in 1962 on a 50:50 sharing
basis between center and state in regard to supply of Anti-TB drugs.
• Objective – To detect as many cases as possible and effectively treat them so as to
render infectious cases as non-infectious
• Expert Committee reviewed the programme in 1992
7. • RNTCP was evolved based on DOTS strategy with the
objective of curing at least 85% of new sputum cases
and then detecting at least 75% of such cases
• Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS)
strategy launched in 1997 and expanded across the
country by 2006.
• Under DOTS strategy patients swallow the drugs under
direct observations of the DOTS provider
• In 2007, GoI introduced the Programmatic
Management of Drug Resistant TB (PMDT) to combat
drug resistance and achieved full geographical
coverage by 2013.
8. India’s commitment
13 March 2018:
India committed to End TB by 2025, five years ahead of Global SDG target
Commitment required from the States/UTs for ‘TB free States/UTs’ by Dec’2024
9. The End TB strategy at a glance
Vision A world free of TB
-zero deaths, disease and suffering due to
TB
Goal End the global TB epidemic
Indicators Milestones Targets
2020 2025 SDG 2030 End TB 2025
(INDIA)
Percentage reduction in the absolute number of TB deaths
(compared with 2015 baseline)
35% 75% 90% 90%
Percentage reduction in the TB incidence rate
(compared with 2015 baseline)
20% 50% 80% 80%
Percentage of TB affected household facing catastrophic cost due 0% 0% 0% 0%
10.
11. TB Transmission. Dynamics of Cough (droplets < 5 microns)
- Large Droplets (Pfluger)– fall fast !
- Small droplets–
…hang around floating…
…slowly evaporate…
….”crystallize” creating a
nucleus
of infectious material inside…
- 1.0 micron droplets nuclei (Wells)
will
eventually fall just 3 m. in 24 h.
!
•Large droplets Upper Airway trapping
•1-5µ droplet nuclei reach Alveoli & cause
14. Presumptive Pulmonary TB
• A person with any of the symptoms and signs suggestive of TB
including cough for > 2 weeks, fever>2 weeks, significant weight loss,
haemoptysis, any abnormality in chest radiograph.
• In addition , contacts of microbiologically confirmed TB patients,
PLHIV , Diabetics, Malnourished, cancer patients, patients on
immuno- suppressants or steroids should be regularly screened for
signs and symptoms of TB
20. • Xpert MTB/Rif test
• Major advantages in workflow
• fully automated with 1-step external sample prep.
• time-to-result 1 1/2 h (walk away test)
• throughput: up to 16 tests / module / run
• no bio-safety cabinet
• closed system (no contamination risk)
• scalable technology
• Performance
• specific for MTB
• sensitivity similar to culture
• detection of rif-resistance via rpoB gene
Integrated automated CBNAAT-
GeneXpert platform
21. Daily Dose Schedule for Adults (>18Y)
Weight band Number of tablets
Intensive phase Continuation phase
HRZE HRE
75/150/400/275 mg 75/150/275 mg
25-34 kg 2 2
35-49 kg 3 3
50-64 kg 4 4
64-75 kg 5 5
>=75 kg 6 6
27. SCOPE OF NI-KSHAY 2.0
Co-operative societies
Corporates
Elected Representatives
Institutions
NGOs
Political Parties
Individuals
Nutritional Support
Diagnostic
Vocational
Additional Nutritional Supplements
1 Year
2 Years
3 Years
Who can
be
Ni-kshay
Mitra?
What is the
duration of
Support?
What are the
types of
support to be
provided by
Ni-kshay Mitra?
What kind of
Geography
types to be
supported
State
District
Block
Peripheral Health Institution
28. NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT
.
1. Costs around INR 750-800 including transport/month
*Source: NIN, Hyderabad
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MONTHLY FOOD BASKET