The document discusses different fish breeding techniques used in fish production, including crossbreeding, hybridization, monosex culture, and chromosome manipulation. Crossbreeding involves mating different strains of the same species to produce offspring with desirable traits from both parents. Hybridization is mating between different species to combine traits, while monosex culture uses hormone treatment to produce a population of only males or only females. Chromosome manipulation alters chromosome sets to induce sterility or increase growth rates. The objective is to explain these techniques and their applications in fish breeding programs.

1. AQU2203
Teknik Pembiakbakaan Ikan
LECTURE 2
TYPES OF FISH BREEDING TECHNIQUES
IN FISH PRODUCTION
© Dr. Shahreza, FPAI, UMT

2. AQU2203 Teknik Pembiakbakaan Ikan 2
Lecture 1
TYPES OF FISH BREEDING TECHNIQUES
IN FISH PRODUCTION
Objective :
3)To expose students to the different types of
breeding for stock improvement
5)To develop understanding about fish breeding
techniques in fish production.
© Dr. Shahreza, FPAI, UMT

3. AQU2203 Teknik Pembiakbakaan Ikan 3
Introduction
Types of Breeding
Crossbreeding
Hybridization
Monosex Culture
Chromosome Manipulation
© Dr. Shahreza, FPAI, UMT

4. AQU2203 Teknik Pembiakbakaan Ikan 4
Lecture 1
TYPES OF FISH BREEDING TECHNIQUES
IN FISH PRODUCTION
Learning Outcome :
At the end of lecture, students should be able to :
Explain the breeding techniques in fish production
Diferentiate the different breeding techniques in fish
production
© Dr. Shahreza, FPAI, UMT

5. AQU2203 Teknik Pembiakbakaan Ikan 5
IMPROVEMENTS IN AQUACULTURE
• IMPROVEMENT IN REPRODUCTION
• IMPROVEMENT IN GROWTH AND NUTRITION
• IMPROVEMENT IN HEALTH
• IMPROVEMENT IN QUALITY AND VALUE
• CONSERVATION OF GENETIC RESOURCES
• IMPROVEMENT IN BIOMEDICINAL VALUE
INCREASE
PRODUCTIVITY
© Dr. Shahreza, FPAI, UMT

6. AQU2203 Teknik Pembiakbakaan Ikan 6
Increase
Productivity
Environmental Manipulation Genetic Manipulation
Culture System
Feed Additives – hormone,
© Dr. Shahreza, FPAI, UMT probiotic, chemicals

7. AQU2203 Teknik Pembiakbakaan Ikan 7
GENETIC IMPROVEMENT
IN FISH BREEDING
A method to increase the quality or to obtain the desired
traits using various selected breeding techniques
Involves genetic manipulation in which the traits can be
modified and inherit
© Dr. Shahreza, FPAI, UMT

8. AQU2203 Teknik Pembiakbakaan Ikan 8
BREEDING
Main Aim :
Increase quality of stocks (stock improvement)
Produce high commercial value and profitable cultured fish
© Dr. Shahreza, FPAI, UMT

9. AQU2203 Teknik Pembiakbakaan Ikan 9
Increase productivity which can benefit the
consumers
Example. Fish that has high growth rates
Solving problems in occurrence of pathogens
Example. Production of disease resistant and hardy fish
Reduce inbreeding in wild and cultured population
© Dr. Shahreza, FPAI, UMT

10. AQU2203 Teknik Pembiakbakaan Ikan 10
Improvements in quality of stock through
management of broodstock and seedlings
- Able to select and identify quality broodstock and seed for breeding
Creation of new export comodity in the industry
Example. Production of fish with new characteristics
© Dr. Shahreza, FPAI, UMT

11. AQU2203 Teknik Pembiakbakaan Ikan 11
BREEDING
Traits that are desired in fish production:
High growth rate
High dressing percentage (more meat less waste)
Resistant to disease
Hardy (able to tolerate harsh condition)
Good food conversion ratio (FCR).
Variability in body colours and patterns
© Dr. Shahreza, FPAI, UMT

12. AQU2203 Teknik Pembiakbakaan Ikan 12
BREEDING
There are several types of fish breeding
techniques commonly used in fish production :
Crossbreeding
Hybridization
Sex Reversed Population (Monosex)
Chromosome Manipulation
© Dr. Shahreza, FPAI, UMT

13. 13
Mating or crossing 2 different strains or varieties of the same
species
Also known as Intraspesific Hybridization
A breeding program that increases the breeding value
- resulted in production of new strain
X
Same species (goldfish) but different strain

14. 14
Application of Crossbreeding :
Increase performance of the entire stocks
Producing progeny that has intermediate performance
obtained from the broodstocks
Produce and increase the quality or performance of a new
pure stock (pure breed).
To exploit heterosis
Heterosis : increase in performance of progeny that exceed the
performance of the broodstock.

15. AQU2203 Teknik Pembiakbakaan Ikan 15
Mostly applied in ornamental fish breeding program
More focused on the production of
colours, patterns and shapes
© Dr. Shahreza, FPAI, UMT

16. AQU2203 Teknik Pembiakbakaan Ikan 16
Define as mating of two different species
Also known as Interspesific Hybridization.
Main Purpose : To combine the main traits of both
species.
X
© Dr. Shahreza, FPAI, UMT
Breeding of 2 different species (goldfish) and carp

17. AQU2203 Teknik Pembiakbakaan Ikan 17
Conducted between species that are closely related
- same family or same genus.
Breeding can occur naturally or induced using hormone
Hybrids are generally intermediate (can be distinguished
between parents).
However hybrids are biased towards one parent
Example of hybridization :
Hybrid Striped Bass X White Bass
Hybrid Channel Catfish X Blue Catfish
Nile Tilapia X Blue Tilapia
© Dr. Shahreza, FPAI, UMT

18. AQU2203 Teknik Pembiakbakaan Ikan 18
Production of a population with single sex characteristics
Conducted to control production of certain sex for growth.
Avoid occurrence of breeding during grow-out.
Main purpose of Monosex production in a population
advantage of certain sex
desire for certain sex
avoid reproduction during culture
avoid aggressive behaviour which normally exist during
reproduction
© Dr. Shahreza, FPAI, UMT

19. AQU2203 Teknik Pembiakbakaan Ikan 19
Perform due to interest towards a certain gender which has a
better performance compared to the other gender
Produced using hormone tratment
All produced seeds will be either 100% male or 100% female
XX OR XY
100% 100%
Female Male
© Dr. Shahreza, FPAI, UMT

20. AQU2203 Teknik Pembiakbakaan Ikan 20
Feminization
Changes in sex of individuals to female through administration
of estrogen hormones
Hormone
Seed Female
Estrogen
Example : salmon
Masculinization
Changes in sex of individuals to male through administration
of andogen hormones
Hormone
Seed Male
Androgen
Example : Tilapia, channel catfish
© Dr. Shahreza, FPAI, UMT

21. AQU2203 Teknik Pembiakbakaan Ikan 21
Example : Tilapia - male are more desired due to faster growth
rate compared to female
Salmon – female are more desired due to bigger size
and faster growth rate
Channel catfish
Channel catfish
Tilapia
Salmon
© Dr. Shahreza, FPAI, UMT

22. 36
Manipulation of the whole genome of an organism
at the chromosomal level to obtain desired
characteristics.
Manipulation is done to the whole chromosome set and not at
the DNA strands
Main Purpose : production of sterile fish
Production of monosex population
Attain higher growth rate
Applied to eggs or spermatozoa or fertilized eggs

23. 38
3 Main
Tecniques
Polyploidy Androgenesis
Addition in the Limiting inheritance to the
chromosome number paternal parent
Limiting inheritance to the
Gynogenesis maternal parent