100% dominant AA Aa
This document outlines an introduction to genetics lecture for a fish breeding techniques course. The objectives are to expose students to basic genetic concepts and their relation to fish breeding. The lecture will cover basic genetic concepts like genes, phenotypes, genotypes, and gene interactions. Students should understand how traits are produced and inherited in fish, characterize phenotype types, and differentiate gene interactions. The document provides examples of qualitative and quantitative phenotypes, sex-linked and autosomal traits, and models of gene expression like complete dominance, incomplete dominance and additive gene action.
This document discusses different fish breeding techniques used in fish production. It introduces crossbreeding, hybridization, monosex culture, and chromosome manipulation as common techniques. The objective is to expose students to breeding techniques for stock improvement and to develop an understanding of their use in fish production. The learning outcome is for students to be able to explain and differentiate between breeding techniques.
The document discusses different fish breeding techniques used in fish production, including crossbreeding, hybridization, monosex culture, and chromosome manipulation. Crossbreeding involves mating different strains of the same species to produce offspring with desirable traits from both parents. Hybridization is mating between different species to combine traits, while monosex culture uses hormone treatment to produce a population of only males or only females. Chromosome manipulation alters chromosome sets to induce sterility or increase growth rates. The objective is to explain these techniques and their applications in fish breeding programs.
Hybridization refers to breeding between different species or genera of fish. It commonly occurs naturally in fish since they release eggs and sperm into water, allowing for external fertilization. This has led to many natural hybrids being found among closely related fish families that live in the same habitats. Artificial hybridization is also used in aquaculture to combine desirable traits from parent species. Outcomes can be diploid or triploid hybrids with intermediate characteristics.
1) The document discusses the increasing global demand for fish and the role of aquaculture in meeting this demand. It notes that fish consumption has doubled since the 1950s and aquaculture is becoming increasingly important.
2) It provides an overview of fish genetics and its application to aquaculture, including selective breeding techniques to improve genetic stocks, transgenic fish, and DNA vaccines. Chromosomal manipulation techniques like gynogenesis, androgenesis, and polyploidy are also covered.
3) The conclusion states that while Indian fisheries science has made progress in genetics research, more work is still needed to commercialize techniques and generate applied products and processes to further develop aquaculture and fisheries management.
Selective breeding in fish and conservation of genetic resources for aquacultureWorldFish
Invited presentation given by Dr Curtis Lind at the 17th International Congress on Animal Reproduction (ICAR), Vancouver, Canada, 31st July, 2012.
SUMMARY: To satisfy increasing demands for fish as food, progress must occur towards greater aquaculture productivity whilst retaining the wild and farmed genetic resources that underpin global fish production. We review the main selection methods that have been developed for genetic improvement in aquaculture, and discuss their virtues and shortcomings. Examples of the application of mass, cohort, within family, and combined between-family and within-family selection are given. In addition, we review the manner in which fish genetic resources can be lost at the intra-specific, species and ecosystem levels and discuss options to best prevent this. We illustrate that fundamental principles of genetic management are common in the implementation of both selective breeding and conservation programmes, and should be emphasized in capacity development efforts. We highlight the value of applied genetics approaches for increasing aquaculture productivity and the conservation of fish genetic resources.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02084.x/abstract
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in aquatic species are being developed to address challenges in aquaculture. Transgenic fish with growth hormone genes grow much larger and faster than non-transgenic fish. Other uses of transgenic fish include increasing disease resistance, improving tolerance to low temperatures or salinity, and controlling reproduction. While GMOs show potential benefits, more research is still needed to fully realize economic and production gains in commercial aquaculture.
Genetic requirement for transgenic fish developmentHina Zamir Noori
This document discusses genetic modification of fish through transgenic techniques. It describes how the first transgenic fish was developed in the 1980s by transferring cloned genes into fertilized fish eggs before the first cell cleavage. Researchers are seeking to genetically engineer fish to introduce economically valuable traits like increased growth rates and disease resistance. The document outlines some common species used in transgenic fish projects like salmon, trout and tilapia. It also discusses genes used to modify traits, such as growth hormone genes to increase growth and antifreeze protein genes to impart cold resistance. While transgenic fish could benefit aquaculture, there are also concerns about their environmental and food safety impacts.
Science Forum Day 5 - Fish Breeding and Genetics Group - Genetic Improvement ...WorldFish
The document discusses the importance of genetic improvement and effective dissemination for successful aquaculture industries. It provides examples of genetically improved fish strains that show increased growth, survival, and profitability over local strains. Effective dissemination of improved strains requires coordination between breeding programs, hatcheries, and fish farmers. Risk analysis frameworks can help guide the responsible introduction of improved strains while minimizing environmental impacts.
This document discusses different fish breeding techniques used in fish production. It introduces crossbreeding, hybridization, monosex culture, and chromosome manipulation as common techniques. The objective is to expose students to breeding techniques for stock improvement and to develop an understanding of their use in fish production. The learning outcome is for students to be able to explain and differentiate between breeding techniques.
The document discusses different fish breeding techniques used in fish production, including crossbreeding, hybridization, monosex culture, and chromosome manipulation. Crossbreeding involves mating different strains of the same species to produce offspring with desirable traits from both parents. Hybridization is mating between different species to combine traits, while monosex culture uses hormone treatment to produce a population of only males or only females. Chromosome manipulation alters chromosome sets to induce sterility or increase growth rates. The objective is to explain these techniques and their applications in fish breeding programs.
Hybridization refers to breeding between different species or genera of fish. It commonly occurs naturally in fish since they release eggs and sperm into water, allowing for external fertilization. This has led to many natural hybrids being found among closely related fish families that live in the same habitats. Artificial hybridization is also used in aquaculture to combine desirable traits from parent species. Outcomes can be diploid or triploid hybrids with intermediate characteristics.
1) The document discusses the increasing global demand for fish and the role of aquaculture in meeting this demand. It notes that fish consumption has doubled since the 1950s and aquaculture is becoming increasingly important.
2) It provides an overview of fish genetics and its application to aquaculture, including selective breeding techniques to improve genetic stocks, transgenic fish, and DNA vaccines. Chromosomal manipulation techniques like gynogenesis, androgenesis, and polyploidy are also covered.
3) The conclusion states that while Indian fisheries science has made progress in genetics research, more work is still needed to commercialize techniques and generate applied products and processes to further develop aquaculture and fisheries management.
Selective breeding in fish and conservation of genetic resources for aquacultureWorldFish
Invited presentation given by Dr Curtis Lind at the 17th International Congress on Animal Reproduction (ICAR), Vancouver, Canada, 31st July, 2012.
SUMMARY: To satisfy increasing demands for fish as food, progress must occur towards greater aquaculture productivity whilst retaining the wild and farmed genetic resources that underpin global fish production. We review the main selection methods that have been developed for genetic improvement in aquaculture, and discuss their virtues and shortcomings. Examples of the application of mass, cohort, within family, and combined between-family and within-family selection are given. In addition, we review the manner in which fish genetic resources can be lost at the intra-specific, species and ecosystem levels and discuss options to best prevent this. We illustrate that fundamental principles of genetic management are common in the implementation of both selective breeding and conservation programmes, and should be emphasized in capacity development efforts. We highlight the value of applied genetics approaches for increasing aquaculture productivity and the conservation of fish genetic resources.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02084.x/abstract
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in aquatic species are being developed to address challenges in aquaculture. Transgenic fish with growth hormone genes grow much larger and faster than non-transgenic fish. Other uses of transgenic fish include increasing disease resistance, improving tolerance to low temperatures or salinity, and controlling reproduction. While GMOs show potential benefits, more research is still needed to fully realize economic and production gains in commercial aquaculture.
Genetic requirement for transgenic fish developmentHina Zamir Noori
This document discusses genetic modification of fish through transgenic techniques. It describes how the first transgenic fish was developed in the 1980s by transferring cloned genes into fertilized fish eggs before the first cell cleavage. Researchers are seeking to genetically engineer fish to introduce economically valuable traits like increased growth rates and disease resistance. The document outlines some common species used in transgenic fish projects like salmon, trout and tilapia. It also discusses genes used to modify traits, such as growth hormone genes to increase growth and antifreeze protein genes to impart cold resistance. While transgenic fish could benefit aquaculture, there are also concerns about their environmental and food safety impacts.
Science Forum Day 5 - Fish Breeding and Genetics Group - Genetic Improvement ...WorldFish
The document discusses the importance of genetic improvement and effective dissemination for successful aquaculture industries. It provides examples of genetically improved fish strains that show increased growth, survival, and profitability over local strains. Effective dissemination of improved strains requires coordination between breeding programs, hatcheries, and fish farmers. Risk analysis frameworks can help guide the responsible introduction of improved strains while minimizing environmental impacts.
This document discusses sex reversal in fish through hormone treatment. It explains that in early development, gonads can differentiate into either testes or ovaries, and hormones guide this process. Sex reversal has been achieved by turning males into females and vice versa. Temperature and hormone treatments before phenotypic sex development can cause total functional sex reversal. The document outlines different hormone treatment methods, examples of steroid hormones used, and considerations for successful and sustainable sex reversal programs.
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
HISTORY
TRANSGENIC FISH
METHODS OF GENE TRANSFER
HOW TO MAKE TRANSGENIC FISH
EXAMPLES
APPLICATIONS
TRANSGENIC BIRD
PRODUCTION METHOD
APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION
REFRENCES
A transgenic fish is one that contains genes from another species inserted into its genome. Genes from donor species are isolated and inserted into vectors like plasmids, which are then introduced into fish cells. This allows the transfer of genes into the fish's genome to produce desirable traits like increased growth, disease resistance, or nutritional value. For example, growth hormone genes inserted into salmon can lead to fish that grow 11 times faster than unmodified salmon and reach market size in just one year. However, there are also risks like multiple gene functions, breeding problems, and low survival rates in transgenic fish.
Selection in aquaculture aims to identify individuals whose offspring will have the highest genetic merit for desired traits. Artificial selection is used to change populations in a wanted direction. Common selection methods include individual selection based on phenotype, family selection ranking whole families, and within-family selection based on deviations from family means. Multiple trait selection can utilize tandem, independent culling, or index selection. Indirect selection uses correlated traits as proxies. Potential risks include inbreeding if population sizes are too small. Progeny testing provides the most accurate assessment of breeding values but lengthens generation intervals. Combined selection optimally uses all available information sources.
Male tilapia have a higher growth rate than females, so farmers prefer raising male-only populations. There are four main methods to produce monosex tilapia populations: 1) Hybridization, which can result in predominantly male offspring; 2) Manual sexing; 3) Hormone treatment using androgens or estrogens; 4) Genetic manipulation including marker-assisted selection, cross-breeding, and transgenic technologies. Hormone treatments and genetic hybrids are common commercial methods that allow effective production of monosex male tilapia.
This document summarizes chromosome manipulation techniques in fish, including gynogenesis and androgenesis. Gynogenesis involves inactivating sperm and activating eggs to produce offspring with all-maternal inheritance. Androgenesis uses irradiated eggs fertilized with normal sperm to produce all-paternal offspring. Shock treatments like temperature or pressure changes are used to induce diploidization and prevent polar body release. These techniques allow for producing inbred lines, monosex populations, and polyploids like triploids which are sterile and useful for stocking. Chromosome analysis, flow cytometry, and cell measurements are used to detect ploidy levels in manipulated fish.
This document discusses hybridization in fish. It defines hybridization as breeding between two species or genera that do not normally interbreed. Hybridization can be natural or artificial and results in offspring with traits intermediate between the parents. The document discusses different types of hybridization like interspecific and intergeneric hybridization. It provides examples of hybrids created between different fish species and discusses advantages like faster growth but also disadvantages like risk of extinction.
1) Gynogenesis is a form of reproduction that produces all-female offspring through inactivating sperm so it does not contribute genetically.
2) It occurs naturally in some fish and nematode species, and can be induced in others through techniques like irradiating sperm or shocking eggs.
3) Shocking eggs with temperature, pressure, or chemicals can induce polyploidy, resulting in haploid, triploid, or tetraploid offspring useful for aquaculture.
The document discusses chromosome manipulations and genetically engineered animals. It describes how animal models are used to develop medical treatments and test new drugs and procedures before applying them to humans. Regulations require testing plans and oversight to ensure animal welfare. Products undergo rigorous testing first in cell cultures, then animal models, before progressing to human trials. Animal models can provide information on how the body absorbs, metabolizes and excretes chemicals. Genetically engineered animals are also discussed as ways to improve food supply and understand biology.
Hybridization is the act of breeding between two different fish species or genera that do not ordinarily interbreed. There are two types: natural hybridization which can occur when species spawn in the same area due to habitat changes, and artificial hybridization where gametes are manually mixed. This results in a hybrid offspring that has intermediate physical characteristics between the parents. Examples include hybrids of different carp species. Hybrids can be diploid or polyploid depending on chromosome manipulation techniques used. While hybridization may have economic benefits, uncontrolled hybridization could cause losses.
This study compared the production and profitability of three strains of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) for small-scale commercial cage farming in Ghana. The three strains studied were the Akosombo strain, Huawei strain, and Fish Reit strain. The Huawei strain showed significantly higher final mean weight, absolute growth rate, yield, and profitability indicators compared to the other two strains. While the Akosombo strain had the lowest feed conversion ratio, it also had the highest mortality and lowest mean yield. Overall, the Huawei strain performed best for small-scale commercial cage farming based on production and economic analyses.
This document discusses methods of chromosomal set manipulation in fish for aquaculture, including inactivation of gametes through irradiation or chemicals, and induction of polyploidy (extra sets of chromosomes) through thermal, pressure, or chemical shock. Triploid fish are sterile and can be used for stocking where population control is desired, while tetraploids reach sexual maturity. Chromosomal analysis and flow cytometry can detect polyploid individuals. The goal is to improve aquaculture through techniques like androgenesis, gynogenesis, and production of sterile triploids or fertile tetraploids.
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. This involves combining DNA from different sources to create novel genes, which are then transferred to an organism to modify its traits. Examples provided include GloFish (zebrafish with jellyfish genes), Golden Rice (rice with vitamin A genes), virus-resistant papayas, herbicide/pest-resistant corn, pest-resistant eggplant, anthocyanin-rich purple tomatoes, gold-striped genetically modified seahorses, fluorescent cats, glow-in-the-dark fish, spider-fern hybrids, apple-grape hybrids called grapples, giant raisins, rubber cork
The use of genetic engineering technology in animals has been associated with ethical issues, some of which relate to animal welfare. Discuss examples of genetically engineered animals and evaluate the ethical concerns of genetic engineering.
I am uploading the Presentation on Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT). Tilapia is 3rd largest most prefered fish in world which is cultured in 75 countries. This presentation may be helpful to the students of Aquaculture.
This presentation summarizes research on interspecific hybridization between Atlantic salmon and brown trout. The study examined hybridization in rivers in northern Spain where one species colonized areas inhabited by the other. When Atlantic salmon colonized brown trout areas, 5-10% of juveniles were found to be hybrids, with Atlantic salmon as the maternal species. Similarly, when brown trout colonized an area, 5-7% of juveniles were hybrids with brown trout as the maternal species. The research suggests that the colonizing female species exhibits relaxed mate choice, leading to initial hybridization. However, as the colonizing species expands, hybridization decreases or changes direction. Introgression between the species occurs at low levels and is unlikely
Comparative genomic analysis in Zingiberales: what can we learn from banana to enable Ensete and Boesenbergia to reach their potential?
Talk for Plant and Animal Genomics XXV 25 - San Diego January 2017
Trude Schwarzacher, Jennifer A. Harikrishna and Pat Heslop-Harrison, University of Leicester and University of Malaya
phh(a)molcyt.com
Within the Zingiberales there are many orphan crops that are grown in Africa and Asia where recently started genomic efforts will have an impact for the future understanding and breeding of these crops. Advanced genomics and genome knowledge of the taxonomically closely related genus Musa will help identify genes and their function. We will discuss relevant recent work with Musa and results from DNA sequencing, examinations of diversity and studies of genome structure, gene expression and epigenetic control in Boesenbergia and ensete. Ensete is an important starch staple food in Ethiopia. It is harvested just as the monocarpic plant starts to flower, a few years after planting, and the stored starch extracted from the pseudo-stem and corm. A genome sequence has been published, but there is little genomics. Characterization of the diversity in the species and understanding of the differences to Musa will enable selection and breeding for crop improvement to meet the requirements of increasing populations, climate change and environmental sustainability. Boesenbergia rotunda is widely used in traditional medicine in Asia and has been shown to produce secondary metabolites with antiviral activity. For high throughput propagation and metabolite production in vitro culture is employed; embryogenic calli of B. rotunda in vitro are able to regenerate into plants but lose this ability after prolonged periods in cell suspension media. Epigenetic factors, including histone modifications and DNA methylation are likely to play crucial roles in the regulation of genes involved in totipotency and plant regeneration. These findings are also relevant to other crops within the Zingiberales. Further details will be given at www.molcyt.com
Molecular basis of sex maturation in Atlantic salmon: Integrated genomics app...Amin Mohamed
This document summarizes a study that used genomics approaches to investigate the molecular basis of sex maturation in Atlantic salmon. The researchers manipulated photoperiod to initiate maturation in female salmon during a specific time window. They collected tissue samples from the brain, pituitary, ovaries and other tissues before, during and after the maturation process to generate transcriptomic and epigenomic data. The goal was to gain mechanistic insights into the triggers for sexual maturation onset in Atlantic salmon, which has implications for the salmon aquaculture industry dealing with issues like early maturation.
Prevention of lysosomal storage diseases and derivation of2Palaelo
This study evaluated the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to prevent the transmission of four lysosomal storage disorders (TSD, GD, FD, HS) in couples at risk. PGD was performed on 28 embryos from 8 couples, identifying 2 embryos with mutations for Hunter syndrome and GD. These embryos were used to derive 2 human embryonic stem cell lines expressing markers of an undifferentiated state. PGD accurately diagnosed mutations in embryos and allowed derivation of disease-specific stem cell lines, demonstrating the potential of PGD to avoid inherited diseases while generating disease models.
Genetic Engineering, Types and Artificial SelectionJadesStorage
This document defines several key genetic engineering terms:
1. Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology. This includes techniques like cloning, gene splicing, and recombinant DNA technology.
2. Recombinant DNA technology involves removing genetic sequences from one organism and inserting them into another using tools like restriction enzymes and vectors.
3. Other terms discussed include artificial selection techniques like selective breeding, hybridization, and inbreeding used to indirectly manipulate genes and traits in organisms.
Prevention of lysosomal storage diseases and derivation of2Palaelo
This study describes the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to prevent the transmission of four lysosomal storage disorders: Tay-Sachs disease, Gaucher disease, Fabry disease, and Hunter syndrome. PGD was performed on 28 embryos from 9 couples, identifying 2 embryos with mutations and deriving stem cell lines from them. The technique was highly accurate, avoiding transmission of diseases while establishing mutant stem cell lines for research.
This document discusses sex reversal in fish through hormone treatment. It explains that in early development, gonads can differentiate into either testes or ovaries, and hormones guide this process. Sex reversal has been achieved by turning males into females and vice versa. Temperature and hormone treatments before phenotypic sex development can cause total functional sex reversal. The document outlines different hormone treatment methods, examples of steroid hormones used, and considerations for successful and sustainable sex reversal programs.
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
HISTORY
TRANSGENIC FISH
METHODS OF GENE TRANSFER
HOW TO MAKE TRANSGENIC FISH
EXAMPLES
APPLICATIONS
TRANSGENIC BIRD
PRODUCTION METHOD
APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION
REFRENCES
A transgenic fish is one that contains genes from another species inserted into its genome. Genes from donor species are isolated and inserted into vectors like plasmids, which are then introduced into fish cells. This allows the transfer of genes into the fish's genome to produce desirable traits like increased growth, disease resistance, or nutritional value. For example, growth hormone genes inserted into salmon can lead to fish that grow 11 times faster than unmodified salmon and reach market size in just one year. However, there are also risks like multiple gene functions, breeding problems, and low survival rates in transgenic fish.
Selection in aquaculture aims to identify individuals whose offspring will have the highest genetic merit for desired traits. Artificial selection is used to change populations in a wanted direction. Common selection methods include individual selection based on phenotype, family selection ranking whole families, and within-family selection based on deviations from family means. Multiple trait selection can utilize tandem, independent culling, or index selection. Indirect selection uses correlated traits as proxies. Potential risks include inbreeding if population sizes are too small. Progeny testing provides the most accurate assessment of breeding values but lengthens generation intervals. Combined selection optimally uses all available information sources.
Male tilapia have a higher growth rate than females, so farmers prefer raising male-only populations. There are four main methods to produce monosex tilapia populations: 1) Hybridization, which can result in predominantly male offspring; 2) Manual sexing; 3) Hormone treatment using androgens or estrogens; 4) Genetic manipulation including marker-assisted selection, cross-breeding, and transgenic technologies. Hormone treatments and genetic hybrids are common commercial methods that allow effective production of monosex male tilapia.
This document summarizes chromosome manipulation techniques in fish, including gynogenesis and androgenesis. Gynogenesis involves inactivating sperm and activating eggs to produce offspring with all-maternal inheritance. Androgenesis uses irradiated eggs fertilized with normal sperm to produce all-paternal offspring. Shock treatments like temperature or pressure changes are used to induce diploidization and prevent polar body release. These techniques allow for producing inbred lines, monosex populations, and polyploids like triploids which are sterile and useful for stocking. Chromosome analysis, flow cytometry, and cell measurements are used to detect ploidy levels in manipulated fish.
This document discusses hybridization in fish. It defines hybridization as breeding between two species or genera that do not normally interbreed. Hybridization can be natural or artificial and results in offspring with traits intermediate between the parents. The document discusses different types of hybridization like interspecific and intergeneric hybridization. It provides examples of hybrids created between different fish species and discusses advantages like faster growth but also disadvantages like risk of extinction.
1) Gynogenesis is a form of reproduction that produces all-female offspring through inactivating sperm so it does not contribute genetically.
2) It occurs naturally in some fish and nematode species, and can be induced in others through techniques like irradiating sperm or shocking eggs.
3) Shocking eggs with temperature, pressure, or chemicals can induce polyploidy, resulting in haploid, triploid, or tetraploid offspring useful for aquaculture.
The document discusses chromosome manipulations and genetically engineered animals. It describes how animal models are used to develop medical treatments and test new drugs and procedures before applying them to humans. Regulations require testing plans and oversight to ensure animal welfare. Products undergo rigorous testing first in cell cultures, then animal models, before progressing to human trials. Animal models can provide information on how the body absorbs, metabolizes and excretes chemicals. Genetically engineered animals are also discussed as ways to improve food supply and understand biology.
Hybridization is the act of breeding between two different fish species or genera that do not ordinarily interbreed. There are two types: natural hybridization which can occur when species spawn in the same area due to habitat changes, and artificial hybridization where gametes are manually mixed. This results in a hybrid offspring that has intermediate physical characteristics between the parents. Examples include hybrids of different carp species. Hybrids can be diploid or polyploid depending on chromosome manipulation techniques used. While hybridization may have economic benefits, uncontrolled hybridization could cause losses.
This study compared the production and profitability of three strains of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) for small-scale commercial cage farming in Ghana. The three strains studied were the Akosombo strain, Huawei strain, and Fish Reit strain. The Huawei strain showed significantly higher final mean weight, absolute growth rate, yield, and profitability indicators compared to the other two strains. While the Akosombo strain had the lowest feed conversion ratio, it also had the highest mortality and lowest mean yield. Overall, the Huawei strain performed best for small-scale commercial cage farming based on production and economic analyses.
This document discusses methods of chromosomal set manipulation in fish for aquaculture, including inactivation of gametes through irradiation or chemicals, and induction of polyploidy (extra sets of chromosomes) through thermal, pressure, or chemical shock. Triploid fish are sterile and can be used for stocking where population control is desired, while tetraploids reach sexual maturity. Chromosomal analysis and flow cytometry can detect polyploid individuals. The goal is to improve aquaculture through techniques like androgenesis, gynogenesis, and production of sterile triploids or fertile tetraploids.
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. This involves combining DNA from different sources to create novel genes, which are then transferred to an organism to modify its traits. Examples provided include GloFish (zebrafish with jellyfish genes), Golden Rice (rice with vitamin A genes), virus-resistant papayas, herbicide/pest-resistant corn, pest-resistant eggplant, anthocyanin-rich purple tomatoes, gold-striped genetically modified seahorses, fluorescent cats, glow-in-the-dark fish, spider-fern hybrids, apple-grape hybrids called grapples, giant raisins, rubber cork
The use of genetic engineering technology in animals has been associated with ethical issues, some of which relate to animal welfare. Discuss examples of genetically engineered animals and evaluate the ethical concerns of genetic engineering.
I am uploading the Presentation on Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT). Tilapia is 3rd largest most prefered fish in world which is cultured in 75 countries. This presentation may be helpful to the students of Aquaculture.
This presentation summarizes research on interspecific hybridization between Atlantic salmon and brown trout. The study examined hybridization in rivers in northern Spain where one species colonized areas inhabited by the other. When Atlantic salmon colonized brown trout areas, 5-10% of juveniles were found to be hybrids, with Atlantic salmon as the maternal species. Similarly, when brown trout colonized an area, 5-7% of juveniles were hybrids with brown trout as the maternal species. The research suggests that the colonizing female species exhibits relaxed mate choice, leading to initial hybridization. However, as the colonizing species expands, hybridization decreases or changes direction. Introgression between the species occurs at low levels and is unlikely
Comparative genomic analysis in Zingiberales: what can we learn from banana to enable Ensete and Boesenbergia to reach their potential?
Talk for Plant and Animal Genomics XXV 25 - San Diego January 2017
Trude Schwarzacher, Jennifer A. Harikrishna and Pat Heslop-Harrison, University of Leicester and University of Malaya
phh(a)molcyt.com
Within the Zingiberales there are many orphan crops that are grown in Africa and Asia where recently started genomic efforts will have an impact for the future understanding and breeding of these crops. Advanced genomics and genome knowledge of the taxonomically closely related genus Musa will help identify genes and their function. We will discuss relevant recent work with Musa and results from DNA sequencing, examinations of diversity and studies of genome structure, gene expression and epigenetic control in Boesenbergia and ensete. Ensete is an important starch staple food in Ethiopia. It is harvested just as the monocarpic plant starts to flower, a few years after planting, and the stored starch extracted from the pseudo-stem and corm. A genome sequence has been published, but there is little genomics. Characterization of the diversity in the species and understanding of the differences to Musa will enable selection and breeding for crop improvement to meet the requirements of increasing populations, climate change and environmental sustainability. Boesenbergia rotunda is widely used in traditional medicine in Asia and has been shown to produce secondary metabolites with antiviral activity. For high throughput propagation and metabolite production in vitro culture is employed; embryogenic calli of B. rotunda in vitro are able to regenerate into plants but lose this ability after prolonged periods in cell suspension media. Epigenetic factors, including histone modifications and DNA methylation are likely to play crucial roles in the regulation of genes involved in totipotency and plant regeneration. These findings are also relevant to other crops within the Zingiberales. Further details will be given at www.molcyt.com
Molecular basis of sex maturation in Atlantic salmon: Integrated genomics app...Amin Mohamed
This document summarizes a study that used genomics approaches to investigate the molecular basis of sex maturation in Atlantic salmon. The researchers manipulated photoperiod to initiate maturation in female salmon during a specific time window. They collected tissue samples from the brain, pituitary, ovaries and other tissues before, during and after the maturation process to generate transcriptomic and epigenomic data. The goal was to gain mechanistic insights into the triggers for sexual maturation onset in Atlantic salmon, which has implications for the salmon aquaculture industry dealing with issues like early maturation.
Prevention of lysosomal storage diseases and derivation of2Palaelo
This study evaluated the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to prevent the transmission of four lysosomal storage disorders (TSD, GD, FD, HS) in couples at risk. PGD was performed on 28 embryos from 8 couples, identifying 2 embryos with mutations for Hunter syndrome and GD. These embryos were used to derive 2 human embryonic stem cell lines expressing markers of an undifferentiated state. PGD accurately diagnosed mutations in embryos and allowed derivation of disease-specific stem cell lines, demonstrating the potential of PGD to avoid inherited diseases while generating disease models.
Genetic Engineering, Types and Artificial SelectionJadesStorage
This document defines several key genetic engineering terms:
1. Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology. This includes techniques like cloning, gene splicing, and recombinant DNA technology.
2. Recombinant DNA technology involves removing genetic sequences from one organism and inserting them into another using tools like restriction enzymes and vectors.
3. Other terms discussed include artificial selection techniques like selective breeding, hybridization, and inbreeding used to indirectly manipulate genes and traits in organisms.
Prevention of lysosomal storage diseases and derivation of2Palaelo
This study describes the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to prevent the transmission of four lysosomal storage disorders: Tay-Sachs disease, Gaucher disease, Fabry disease, and Hunter syndrome. PGD was performed on 28 embryos from 9 couples, identifying 2 embryos with mutations and deriving stem cell lines from them. The technique was highly accurate, avoiding transmission of diseases while establishing mutant stem cell lines for research.
Prevention of lysosomal storage diseases and derivation of2Palaelo
This study describes the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to prevent the transmission of four lysosomal storage disorders: Tay-Sachs disease, Gaucher disease, Fabry disease, and Hunter syndrome. PGD was performed on 28 embryos from 9 couples, identifying 2 embryos with mutations and deriving stem cell lines from them. The technique was highly accurate, avoiding transmission of diseases while establishing mutant stem cell lines for research.
Current Trends in Molecular Biology and BioTechnology (ppt)Perez Eric
This document discusses current trends in molecular biology and biotechnology. It begins by defining biotechnology and explaining its importance in addressing challenges around feeding and clothing the growing global population. It then describes molecular biology as the study of biological processes at the molecular level, including DNA, RNA, protein synthesis and gene regulation. Some applications of molecular biology discussed include research, diagnosis, forensics, gene therapy and drug design. Key cellular components like DNA, RNA and proteins are also explained. Important techniques in molecular biology like PCR, DNA/RNA blotting, gene expression and cloning, microarrays, and RNA interference are summarized. The uses of embryonic and adult stem cells in research and therapy are also covered briefly.
The document discusses transgenic mice and fish. It defines transgenic animals as those permanently engineered through gene insertion. Methods to create transgenic mice include retroviral vectors, DNA microinjection into pronuclei, and using engineered embryonic stem cells. Transgenic mice have aided research in many areas. Transgenic fish are also discussed, including important salmon and tilapia examples. Gene flow and food safety are concerns for transgenic animals.
Zebrafish have many benefits as a model organism but also limitations. They are small, fertile, and transparent, making them useful for developmental studies. However, they lack some mammalian organs and differ physiologically from humans. While zebrafish share many protein-coding genes with humans, not all human diseases can be perfectly modeled. Husbandry practices and environment also influence zebrafish health. Overall, zebrafish are a valuable but imperfect model that requires understanding their advantages and restrictions.
It's include all the details about the transgenic technology.all the techniques like micro injection,SCNT,pro nuclear injection method.It include all the Transgenic mice bird and fish.
Prevention of lysosomal storage diseases and derivation of1Palaelo
This study used preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to derive stem cell lines from embryos carrying mutations for four lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs): Tay-Sachs disease, Gaucher disease, Fabry disease, and Hunter syndrome. PGD was performed on 28 embryos from affected families, resulting in two human embryonic stem cell lines - one from a female Hunter syndrome embryo and one from a compound heterozygote embryo for Gaucher disease. The stem cell lines showed typical embryonic stem cell characteristics and normal karyotypes. This demonstrates the potential of PGD and stem cell derivation to establish disease models and prevent transmission of LSDs.
Knockout mice are mice that have had a specific gene deactivated or mutated through genetic engineering techniques. This document discusses knockout mice and how they are used to study gene function. It describes how knockout mice are made using embryonic stem cells and either gene targeting or gene trapping methods to swap out or disrupt an existing gene. The resulting mice provide information on the roles and impacts of genes in ways that help researchers study human diseases.
This document summarizes a lecture on nutrigenomics given by Michael Müller. It discusses how nutrigenomics allows quantification of the interplay between genetics, lifestyle, nutrition, and the environment in determining phenotypes. Specifically, it highlights how genome-wide transcriptome analysis can identify target genes of nutrients and biomarkers of organ health and resilience. It also provides examples of human nutrigenomics studies examining how diets high in saturated fat or polyunsaturated fat alter gene expression and inflammation. The summary concludes that nutrigenomics is enabling a transition to nutritional science 2.0 through comprehensive, integrated applications and system biology analyses.
This document discusses the impact of the Human Genome Project on medical advancement in India. It provides background on the human genome and the goals and processes of the Human Genome Project. Completing the human genome sequence provides benefits like enabling the diagnosis and treatment of genetic diseases in India. However, challenges remain like determining gene functions and understanding complex genetic traits. Overall, the document argues that further utilizing genome sequencing can help India better understand and manage its burden of genetic diseases.
1) Researchers developed transgenic medaka (fish) carrying multiple copies of a bacteriophage vector containing the cII gene, which serves as a target for detecting mutations.
2) They adapted an assay used in transgenic rodents to efficiently recover cII mutants from fish genomic DNA and detect them by infecting bacteria.
3) Spontaneous mutant frequencies in liver, whole fish, and testes of medaka were comparable to frequencies observed in transgenic rodents. Treatment with ethylnitrosourea induced cII mutations in the medaka in a tissue-specific and time-dependent manner consistent with known mutagen mechanisms.
This document provides an overview of biotechnology principles and applications. It defines biotechnology as the application of technology to modify biological organisms by adding genes from other organisms. The document discusses how genes are identified, isolated, and manipulated to introduce desired traits. It describes techniques such as homology cloning, complementary genetics, and map-based cloning used to isolate genes. The document explains how genes are introduced into plants using transformation methods like Agrobacterium and biolistics. It provides examples of transgenic crops and their applications in agriculture.
1) The author worked in Dr. Jack Parent's neurodevelopment lab studying adult neurogenesis and regeneration using mouse, zebrafish, and iPSC models.
2) Specifically, the author worked with Dr. Palsamy Kanagaraj to study the inflammatory response and regeneration in the zebrafish telencephalon following induced brain injury.
3) The author assisted with experiments analyzing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression over time after injury in zebrafish to understand differences in the inflammatory response and regeneration between fish and mice.
This document discusses genetics and gene therapy as they relate to ophthalmology. It begins with basics of genetics such as genes, genomes, chromosomes, DNA, and inheritance patterns. It then discusses several eye diseases that have genetic components, such as corneal dystrophies, keratoconus, glaucoma, and cataracts. For each disease, it describes genetic causes and mutations that have been identified. The document concludes by discussing approaches to gene therapy for some of these conditions, including using viral and non-viral vectors to deliver healthy gene copies or manipulate expression of mutated genes.
Towards Incidental Collaboratories For Experimental DataAnita de Waard
This document discusses challenges in biology due to variability and complexity. It notes that a single specimen is not representative of an entire species due to genetic variability between specimens. Gene expression can vary significantly based on factors like age, smell, hunger, light, etc., so knowing genes alone does not capture how they are used. An animal's microbiome also contributes greatly to its functioning as its own internal ecosystem. Finally, biological systems exhibit emergent properties from interactions between components such that the whole system is greater than the sum of its parts. Addressing these complexities is key to understanding phenomena like cancer.
This document discusses the multifunctional roles of antimicrobial polypeptides in innate immunity. While initially studied for their antibacterial properties, these polypeptides are now recognized to have diverse inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. For example, the cathelicidin LL-37/hCAP-18 induces angiogenesis in addition to its antimicrobial activity. The discovery of additional functions raises new questions about using these polypeptides therapeutically given their potential effects on multiple biological pathways. Defining their precise roles in vivo remains an ongoing challenge due to the complex interplay of factors in natural infections.
Experimental pharmacology deals with studying the reactions of living organisms to drugs. It involves pre-clinical and clinical studies as well as various types of research like behavioral, developmental, and functional research. Some techniques used in experimental pharmacology include cell culture, immunostaining, computational genomics, transfection, stem cell culture, DNA sequencing, gene knockdown, polymerase chain reaction, and more. Pharmacological research is important for developing life-saving treatments and better understanding traditional medicines like Ayurveda.
Novel Compound to Halt Virus replication Identified AND Spasticity Gene Findi...Nora Piedad Velasquez
The scientists identified a novel compound that inhibits virus replication. Additionally, mutations in the reticulon 2 gene were found to cause hereditary spastic paraplegia, providing clues about axon degeneration. Identifying the specific mutated points allows for genetic testing and counseling while also furthering research into degenerative diseases.
Similar to Notes kuliah1 aqu2203 sem_i 201213d (20)
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .