North South Korea
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This document provides information about North and South Korea by covering their: 1. Shared geographic location and mountainous terrain but divided politically after WWII along the 38th parallel. 2. Ethnic homogeneity as the dominant ethnic group is ethnically Korean who speak the Korean language as their primary language. 3. Divided families and hostile relationship since the Korean War led to closed borders and no communication or travel between the two countries for decades.
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- 2. Outline: • Geopolitical location of both • Geography • Ethnic homogeneity • Korean war • Divided families • Policy • Economy 2
- 4. Geography Size: •Roughly equal to Utah Climate: •Cold winters •Hot, wet summers Topography: Mountainous Population: 4
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- 7. Ethnic Homogeneity “Racially pure”, Unique race East Asian or mongoloid racial group • Strong sense of racial identity • Self-identification as distinct from other Asian nations Korean language • Altaic language group • Structurally identical to Japanese • 60% of vocabulary borrowed from Chinese • Distinct from both 1. Not a tonal language 2. Regional dialects – Just like U.S 7
- 9. Divided Nation •Japanese occupation 1910 •Divided in 1945 •After the WWII, Korea split into 2 countries at the 38 parallel •North Korea was communist with leader Kim II-sung and they had the support of Stalin •South Korea was a democratic Republic •Korean war 1950-53 -Enemies -Divided families -No mail, no trade, no visits, no phone calls 9
- 10. A brief history of border conflict between North and South Korea 10
- 11. After the war • Estimates from 3 million to ½ million dead military on each side • More than 2 million civilians died in North Korea • The 38 parallel remains exactly in place as it was before • There has never been peace treaty, so the Korean war has technically never ended • So the participants signed a cease fire, but not a peace treaty. They still have infiltrations from the North and both sides exchange small arms fire 11
- 12. In Pics: North Korea - South Korea military comparison 12
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- 16. The arch of Reunification is a sculptural arch located south of Pyongyang, the capital of Noth Korea. The concrete arch straddles the multi-laned Reunification Highway leading from Pyongyang to the DMZ. It consists of two Korean women in traditional dress, symbolizing the North and the South 16
- 17. North, South Korea Trade Fire Along Border as Tensions Worsen • North and South Korea exchanged fire across the DMZ in 2010 • The incident started when North Korea fired a rocket at a South Korean border area • Two South Korean soldiers were maimed by land mines • Last year, their ships exchanged warning fire near a disputed Yellow Sea boundary. • South Korea has signaled more provocations may come as a key North Korean national celebration approaches in October. • “The situation on the Korean peninsula will certainly become more unstable if North Korea fires a long-range rocket ahead of the Oct. 10 anniversary of the founding of its Workers’ Party,”. 17
- 18. The politics of North Korea • Juche The idea states that an individual is "the master of his destiny" and that the North Korean masses are to act as the "masters of the revolution and construction". • Single party under a totalitarian family dictatorship • Absolute monarchy 18
- 19. Politics of the Republic of Korea • Government Unitary presidential constitutional republic • President Park Geun-hye • Executive power is exercised by the government • Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly 19
- 20. South Korean Economy • Today it is a high-tech industrialized economy. • Per capita GNP, only $100 in 1963, exceeded $9,800 in 2002. • Chaebols - South Korean form of business conglomerate. - Samsung, Hyundai and LG • Earlier - the centrally planned , government-directed investment model • Now - market-oriented 20
- 21. Economic Overview GDP(PPP) $1,541trillion Real GDP Growth Rate 3.4%(27-10- 2011) GDP per capita $29,997 Unemployment rate 3.1% Inflation rate (CPI): 4.2%(Nov. 2011) Industry Electronics,Telecommunications,Automobile production,Chemicals Shipbuilding,Steel Trade : Exports Imports 47 Billion USD 43.1 Billion USD Major export markets China (23.2%) U.S. (10.1%) Japan (5.8%) Hong Kong (5.3%) Singapore (3.6%) Major importers China (16.8%) Japan (15.3%) U.S.(9.0%) Saudi Arabia (6.1%) Australia (4.6%).
- 22. United States' sixth-largest trading partner and is the 12th-largest economy in the world
- 23. South Korea vs. North Korea Economy 1. Industries: • electronics, telecommunications, automobile production, chemicals, shipbuilding, steel 2. Agriculture – products: • rice, root crops, barley, vegetables, fruit; cattle, pigs, chickens, milk, eggs; fish • 1.military products; machine building, electric power, chemicals; mining (coal, iron ore, limestone, magnesite, graphite, copper, zinc, lead, and precious metals), metallurgy; textiles, food processing; tourism • 2. rice, corn, potatoes, soybeans, pulses; cattle, pigs, pork, eggs 23
Editor's Notes
- North Korea is located in east Asia on the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. North Korea shares a border with three countries; China along the Amnok River, Russia along the Tumen River, and South Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). The Yellow Sea and the Korea Bay are off the west coast and the Sea of Japan is off the east coast. South Korea is located in East Asia, on the southern half of the Korean Peninsula . The only country with a land border to South Korea is North Korea, lying to the north with 238 kilometres (148 mi) of border running along the Korean Demilitarized Zone.
- What we can see from overall shape? Size of two Koreas are roughly equal to utah. Climate and temperature: they have cold winters and hot wet summers. Topography: mostly mountainous And you can see the population of north and south: population of south is rather bigger than the northern
- It's certainly not comparing like with like: North Korea is a small, impoverished and isolated country; South Korea is wealthy and backed by the world's number one superpower. while the South is westernised and industrialised, the North has the distinction of being the most corrupt country int e world (joint with Afghanistan), according to Transparency International, have a high infant mortality rate and homicide rate - plus have one of the lowest press freedom scores anywhere in the world.
- These is real fact that the difference can be seen even from space. South Korea is full of lights if to compare with their unfriendly neighbors.
- As you can see here is some photos of girl from different periods of Korean history. It starts from 1910 to 1940 all Korean girls be like this. And then in 1950 when Peninsula split into 2 parts with different ideologies there became difference in their personality. Northern side more strict.
- Korea had been invaded by both china and japan for much of their early history The japanese invaded korea and set up a harsh system of laws. As the Russo-Japanese War ended in 1905, Korea became a nominal protectorate, and was annexed in 1910 by Japan. In November 1943, Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and Chiang Kai-shek met at the Cairo Conference to discuss what should happen toJapan's colonies, and agreed that Japan should lose all the territories it had conquered by force. In the declaration after this conference, Korea was mentioned for the first time. The three powers declared that they were, "mindful of the enslavement of the people of Korea, ... determined that in due course Korea shall become free and independent. After the WWII, Korea split into 2 countries at the 38 parallel North Korea was communist with leader Kim II-sung and they had the support of Stalin South Korea was a democratic Republic Korean war 1950-53 Causes of KW: as I said K. was divvied into 2 parts after the Japanese surrender. June 1950 The Korean war between North and South Korea begins, with help from the Soviet Union and China on one side, and the US and the United Nations on the other. Two new ideologically opposite countries were established in 1948. NK wanted reunification under communist rule. July 1953 The Korean war ends when a ceasefire agreement is signed. The Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) is created to separate the two countries. October 1966 The Korean DMZ conflict begins as troops from both countries invade the demilitarized zone and engage in skirmishes. January 1968 North Korean commandos attempt to assassinate South Korean President Park Chung-Hee and are stopped just a few hundred yards from his residence. August 1974 There is another assasination attempt of President Park Chung-Hee by a North Korean commando in Seoul. First Lady Chung-Hee is killed. April 1996 North Korea sends thousands of military troops into the DMZ as it announces it will no longer adhere to the armistice of 1953. June 1999 Known as the Battle of Yeonpyeong, North Korean patrol ships cross the disputed maritime border, leading to clashes between several ships. At least 20 North Korean military personnel are killed.
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- How one nation compares in a military space: North korea has about 950.000 regular soldiers under arms, 3.500 main battle tanks, 17.900 artillery pieces, 63 tactical submarines, 620 combat capable aircraft. And 2 nuclear tests carried out in recent years, ability to deliver crude nuclear weapons capability may be possible.
- Southern part is more successful in such spheres like GDP per capita $35.485 in 2014 estimate, life expectancy at birth in 2012, 2012 olimpic medals won, 2012 military spending and so on.
- Hundreds of South Koreans have begun meeting family members in the North in a rare reunion event for families separated by the Korean War. The reunion, comprising a series of meetings over a week, is being held at a Mount Kumgang resort, at the border. Thousands of families have been apart with little or no contact since the war ended in 1953. Reunions have been held sporadically since 1988 and depend on the state of relations between the two countries. The last reunion was held in February 2014. This year's meeting comes after an agreement in August that de-escalated tensions sparked by a border explosion that injured South Korean soldiers. The meetings, organised by the Red Cross, are hugely popular with tens of thousands signing up, but few on each side get chosen and they tend to be elderly. In South Korea participants are picked at random by a computer which takes into account their age and family background. Many of those attending from South Korea are bringing gifts for their North Korean relatives such as clothes, food, toothpaste, and cash. The two Korea remain technically at war as the Korean War only ended in an armistice. The family reunions began in 2000 and have since been carried out sporadically. But they depend hugely on the state of relations, and the North is known to have cancelled a few at moments of tension. The last was held in February 2014. The reunions are taking place at a resort on Mount Kumgang in North Korea 'Let’s Meet Again In The Afterlife': Korean Families Say Goodbye Again personally, i hope for reunification but others don't think it's a good idea since ideologically and economically the two koreas are so different now. i'm touched and saddened to hear about this very brief reunion. yes, they will definitely meet in the afterlife. Don't forget Korea was not always 'united'. They were once many 'Korean' states before they were unified and then seperated again. Time will come again when they will reunite again... One highest value I get, to respect the time when one family have one occation to close one another, keep it with love handle it with care.
- The concept of Korean reunification involves the potential future reunification of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (commonly known as North Korea), the Republic of Korea (commonly known as South Korea), and the Korean Demilitarized Zone under a single government. The process towards such a merger received a fillip in the 2000, where the two countries agreed to work towards a peaceful reunification in the future. However, the process of reunification has met many difficulties due to ongoing tension between the two states, which have become politically and economically different since their separation in the 1940s.
- The politics of North Korea takes place within the framework of the official state philosophy, Juche, a concept created by Hwang Chang-yŏp and later attributed to Kim Il-sung In practice, North Korea functions as a single-party state under a totalitarian family dictatorship, described even as an absolute monarchy with Kim Il-sung and his heirs as its rulers. North Korea's political system is built upon the principle of centralization. While the North Korean constitution formally guarantees protection of human rights, in practice there are severe limits on freedom of expression, and the government closely supervises the lives of North Korean citizens. The constitution defines the DPRK as "a dictatorship of people's democracy" under the leadership of the Workers' Party of Korea, which is given legal supremacy over other political parties. Despite the constitution's provisions for democracy, in practice, the Supreme Leader, Kim Jong-un (grandson of the state's founder, Kim Il-sung), exercises absolute control over the government and the country. Kim Jong-un born 8 January 1983; also romanized as Kim Jong-eun, Kim Jong Un or Kim Jung-eun)is the supreme leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). He is the son of Kim Jong-il (1941–2011) and the grandson of Kim Il-sung (1912–1994).
- Politics of the Republic of Korea takes place in the framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is the head of state, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature and comprises a Supreme Court, appellate courts and a Constitutional Court. Since 1948, the constitution has undergone five major revisions, each signifying a new republic. The current Sixth Republic began with the last major constitutional revision in 1987. Park Geun-hye born 2 February 1952) is the eleventh and current President of South Korea. She is the first woman to be elected as President in South Korea and is serving the 18th presidential term. She also is the first female head of state in the history of Korea and is the first South Korean president to have been born a South Korean citizen.
- South Korea over the past four decades has demonstrated incredible growth and global integration to become a high-tech industrialized economy. In the 1960s, GDP per capita was comparable with levels in the poorer countries of Africa and Asia. In 2004, South Korea joined the trillion-dollar club of world economies, and is currently the world's 12th largest economy. Initially, a system of close government and business ties, including directed credit and import restrictions, made this success possible. The government promoted the import of raw materials and technology at the expense of consumer goods, and encouraged savings and investment over consumption. The Asian financial crisis of 1997-98 exposed longstanding weaknesses in South Korea's development model including high debt/equity ratios and massive short-term foreign borrowing. GDP plunged by 6.9% in 1998, and then recovered by 9% in 1999-2000. South Korea adopted numerous economic reforms following the crisis, including greater openness to foreign investment and imports. Growth moderated to about 4% annually between 2003 and 2007. South Korea's export focused economy was hit hard by the 2008 global economic downturn, but quickly rebounded in subsequent years, reaching 6.3% growth in 2010. The US-Korea Free Trade Agreement was ratified by both governments in 2011 and went into effect in March 2012. Throughout 2012 and 2013 the economy experienced sluggish growth because of market slowdowns in the United States, China, and the Eurozone. The administration in 2014 is likely to face the challenge of balancing heavy reliance on exports with developing domestic-oriented sectors, such as services. The South Korean economy's long term challenges include a rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, dominance of large conglomerates (chaebols), and heavy reliance on exports, which comprise about half of GDP. North Korea, one of the world's most centrally directed and least open economies, faces chronic economic problems. Industrial capital stock is nearly beyond repair as a result of years of underinvestment, shortages of spare parts, and poor maintenance. Large-scale military spending draws off resources needed for investment and civilian consumption. Industrial and power output have stagnated for years at a fraction of pre-1990 levels. Frequent weather-related crop failures aggravated chronic food shortages caused by on-going systemic problems, including a lack of arable land, collective farming practices, poor soil quality, insufficient fertilization, and persistent shortages of tractors and fuel. Large-scale international food aid deliveries have allowed the people of North Korea to escape widespread starvation since famine threatened in 1995, but the population continues to suffer from prolonged malnutrition and poor living conditions. Since 2002, the government has allowed private "farmers' markets" to begin selling a wider range of goods. It also permitted some private farming - on an experimental basis - in an effort to boost agricultural output. In December 2009, North Korea carried out a redenomination of its currency, capping the amount of North Korean won that could be exchanged for the new notes, and limiting the exchange to a one-week window. A concurrent crackdown on markets and foreign currency use yielded severe shortages and inflation, forcing Pyongyang to ease the restrictions by February 2010. In response to the sinking of the South Korean warship Cheonan and the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island, South Korea's government cut off most aid, trade, and bilateral cooperation activities, with the exception of operations at the Kaesong Industrial Complex. In preparation for the 100th anniversary of KIM Il-sung's birthday in 2012, North Korea continued efforts to develop special economic zones with China and expressed willingness to permit construction of a trilateral gas pipeline that would carry Russian natural gas to South Korea. The North Korean government often highlights its goal of becoming a "strong and prosperous" nation and attracting foreign investment, a key factor for improving the overall standard of living. In this regard, in 2013 the regime rolled out 14 new Special Economic Zones set up for foreign investors, though the initiative remains in its infancy. Nevertheless, firm political control remains the government's overriding concern, which likely will inhibit changes to North Korea's current economic system.