In our previous paper [1] we show a paradox that leads to the conclusion that anti-
matter must have "anti-gravity". Based on this conclusion we claim that matter and
anti-matter preserve two new conservation laws: 1. Conservation of gravity,
2. Conservation of time.
In our previous paper [2] we show that based on the conservation of gravity and time,
we expect that when a pair of matter and anti-matter particles is produced from pure
energy (e.g. pair production from an energetic photon ), they are entangled through
gravity and time. This entanglement of time and gravity is not restricted to the
quantum rules, and it will be referred as "non-quantum entanglement through time".
In this article, based on the non-quantum entanglement through time, we claim that
we can exploit this non-quantum entanglement in order to communicate
instantaneously through large distances.
Anti matters gravity paradox - updated versionEran Sinbar
Assuming that during the “big bang” matter and anti-matter pair production and
annihilation governed the first phase before the expansion and cool down of the
universe, we would expect to find a universe consisting of both matter and anti-
matter uniformly spread apart throughout space.
That is obviously not the case as we can observe today and we expect to find some
new kind of anti-symmetry between matter and anti-matter.
In this paper we will show a paradox that leads to the conclusion that anti-matter
must have "anti-gravity" . Based on this conclusion we claim that matter and anti-
matter preserve two new conservation laws: 1. Conservation of gravity, 2.
Conservation of time.
Based on these new conservation laws we predict that anti-matter is uniformly
spread, as anti-atoms or anti-elementary particles, throughout space and it’s one of
the main reasons for space expansion.
We strongly believe that future tests on the influence of anti-matter on gravity and
time will prove this theory.
Assuming that during the “big bang” matter and anti-matter pair production and
annihilation governed the first phase before the expansion and cool down of the
universe, we would expect to find a universe consisting of both matter and anti-matter
uniformly spread apart throughout space.
That is obviously not the case as we can observe today and we expect to find some
new kind of anti-symmetry between matter and anti-matter.
In this paper we will show a paradox that leads to the conclusion that anti-matter must
have "anti-gravity". Based on this conclusion we claim that matter and anti-matter
preserve two new conservation laws: 1. Conservation of gravity, 2. Conservation of
time.
Based on these new conservation laws we predict that anti-matter is uniformly spread,
as anti-atoms or anti-elementary particles, throughout space and it’s one of the main
reasons for space expansion.
We strongly believe that future tests on the influence of anti-matter on gravity and
time will prove this theory.
Entanglement between matter and anti matter particlesEran Sinbar
In our previous paper [1] we show a paradox that leads to the conclusion that anti-
matter must have "anti-gravity". Based on this conclusion we claim that matter and
anti-matter preserve two new conservation laws: 1. Conservation of gravity, 2.
Conservation of time.
In this article, based on these new conservation laws, we claim that the number of all
matter particles in the universe must be equal exactly to the number of all antimatter
particles. Moreover, each matter particle must be entangled to a "partner" antimatter
particle since entanglement is the only mechanism that can synchronize between
matter and antimatter particles in order to preserve the new conservation laws mentioned
above.
This phenomena can be examined at the LHC and if proven to be correct it is another
proof that entanglement is truly a “spooky action at a distance” (EPR paradox) and
has nothing to do with hidden variables. It also opens the possibility that if anti matter
particles remain and exist from the "big bang" somewhere in the universe they are still
entangled to the matter particles although the drastic annihilation during the big bang.
Based on Einstein’s general relativity theory, increase in mass causes time dilation. In
this paper we introduce 2 identical closed systems A&B. Each system contains masses
M&m where .Each system can be in one of 2 stable steady states modes, mode
1 in which m is far from M held in its position by a slider (Fig. 1) and mode 2 in which
m has travelled towards M because of its gravitational pull, until they both collided and
became a unified mass (fig. 3). At mode 1 the system is potential energy dominated
and in mode 2 the system has transferred its potential energy first to kinetic energy and
finally after the collision to heat (radiation) energy which was radiated immediately
out of the system until reaching a stable steady state mode. Switching between the 2
modes is possible through the slider (Fig. 3) which by sliding aside enables mass m to
be pulled by gravity towards mass M.
A seconds.
In system B the sequence is: mode 1 for seconds and mode 2 for seconds.
Where , , .Although in
both systems the total energy ,the total time and the surrounding conditions are the
same at the end point after time T (Fig. 3) the entropy in system B is lower than the
entropy in system A and we will name this “The entropy paradox”.
Based on Einstein’s equation matter and anti-matter annihilate into photonic radiation energy. Photons have unique characteristics since they are massless and they travel at the speed of light in all the inertial reference frames. No other
particle shares these unique characteristics. We claim that this unique behavior is due to the fact that photons do not apply gravitational effects on space-time, meaning,although photons will be forced to move in a curved line if space-time is curved they will not curve space time by themselves or apply gravity forces and time dilation .
In order to prove our claims we suggest a thought experiment that leads to a blue shift paradox which happens after annihilating 2 symmetrical in size and mass, matter and
anti- matter (A&B) in the center of a hollow particles spherical shell . The only way to explain this paradox is to conclude that anti-matter imposes anti–gravity and therefore matter and anti-matter together impose zero gravity. Furthermore, this
proves that the photonic energy from the annihilation phase has also zero gravity effect on space-time.
Anti matters gravity paradox - updated versionEran Sinbar
Assuming that during the “big bang” matter and anti-matter pair production and
annihilation governed the first phase before the expansion and cool down of the
universe, we would expect to find a universe consisting of both matter and anti-
matter uniformly spread apart throughout space.
That is obviously not the case as we can observe today and we expect to find some
new kind of anti-symmetry between matter and anti-matter.
In this paper we will show a paradox that leads to the conclusion that anti-matter
must have "anti-gravity" . Based on this conclusion we claim that matter and anti-
matter preserve two new conservation laws: 1. Conservation of gravity, 2.
Conservation of time.
Based on these new conservation laws we predict that anti-matter is uniformly
spread, as anti-atoms or anti-elementary particles, throughout space and it’s one of
the main reasons for space expansion.
We strongly believe that future tests on the influence of anti-matter on gravity and
time will prove this theory.
Assuming that during the “big bang” matter and anti-matter pair production and
annihilation governed the first phase before the expansion and cool down of the
universe, we would expect to find a universe consisting of both matter and anti-matter
uniformly spread apart throughout space.
That is obviously not the case as we can observe today and we expect to find some
new kind of anti-symmetry between matter and anti-matter.
In this paper we will show a paradox that leads to the conclusion that anti-matter must
have "anti-gravity". Based on this conclusion we claim that matter and anti-matter
preserve two new conservation laws: 1. Conservation of gravity, 2. Conservation of
time.
Based on these new conservation laws we predict that anti-matter is uniformly spread,
as anti-atoms or anti-elementary particles, throughout space and it’s one of the main
reasons for space expansion.
We strongly believe that future tests on the influence of anti-matter on gravity and
time will prove this theory.
Entanglement between matter and anti matter particlesEran Sinbar
In our previous paper [1] we show a paradox that leads to the conclusion that anti-
matter must have "anti-gravity". Based on this conclusion we claim that matter and
anti-matter preserve two new conservation laws: 1. Conservation of gravity, 2.
Conservation of time.
In this article, based on these new conservation laws, we claim that the number of all
matter particles in the universe must be equal exactly to the number of all antimatter
particles. Moreover, each matter particle must be entangled to a "partner" antimatter
particle since entanglement is the only mechanism that can synchronize between
matter and antimatter particles in order to preserve the new conservation laws mentioned
above.
This phenomena can be examined at the LHC and if proven to be correct it is another
proof that entanglement is truly a “spooky action at a distance” (EPR paradox) and
has nothing to do with hidden variables. It also opens the possibility that if anti matter
particles remain and exist from the "big bang" somewhere in the universe they are still
entangled to the matter particles although the drastic annihilation during the big bang.
Based on Einstein’s general relativity theory, increase in mass causes time dilation. In
this paper we introduce 2 identical closed systems A&B. Each system contains masses
M&m where .Each system can be in one of 2 stable steady states modes, mode
1 in which m is far from M held in its position by a slider (Fig. 1) and mode 2 in which
m has travelled towards M because of its gravitational pull, until they both collided and
became a unified mass (fig. 3). At mode 1 the system is potential energy dominated
and in mode 2 the system has transferred its potential energy first to kinetic energy and
finally after the collision to heat (radiation) energy which was radiated immediately
out of the system until reaching a stable steady state mode. Switching between the 2
modes is possible through the slider (Fig. 3) which by sliding aside enables mass m to
be pulled by gravity towards mass M.
A seconds.
In system B the sequence is: mode 1 for seconds and mode 2 for seconds.
Where , , .Although in
both systems the total energy ,the total time and the surrounding conditions are the
same at the end point after time T (Fig. 3) the entropy in system B is lower than the
entropy in system A and we will name this “The entropy paradox”.
Based on Einstein’s equation matter and anti-matter annihilate into photonic radiation energy. Photons have unique characteristics since they are massless and they travel at the speed of light in all the inertial reference frames. No other
particle shares these unique characteristics. We claim that this unique behavior is due to the fact that photons do not apply gravitational effects on space-time, meaning,although photons will be forced to move in a curved line if space-time is curved they will not curve space time by themselves or apply gravity forces and time dilation .
In order to prove our claims we suggest a thought experiment that leads to a blue shift paradox which happens after annihilating 2 symmetrical in size and mass, matter and
anti- matter (A&B) in the center of a hollow particles spherical shell . The only way to explain this paradox is to conclude that anti-matter imposes anti–gravity and therefore matter and anti-matter together impose zero gravity. Furthermore, this
proves that the photonic energy from the annihilation phase has also zero gravity effect on space-time.
It is better presentation where you find the real meaning of higgs boson at the end.I believe you will like the slides and the pictures which makes the presentation more simle and attractive.
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The nature of particle waves or de Broglie waves. Long forgotten and misinterpreted. Now true nature found and mathematically verified. More details: new-physics.com
The Presentation is about the fundamental physical quantity Mass.
The presentation is motivated by my son back from school asked me "if weight is a force, and the unit of force is Newton, why aren't we buying potatoes in Newtons but in Kgs.
I didn't answer this question in my presentation. But, I facilitated students to find the answer themselves.
It is better presentation where you find the real meaning of higgs boson at the end.I believe you will like the slides and the pictures which makes the presentation more simle and attractive.
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The nature of particle waves or de Broglie waves. Long forgotten and misinterpreted. Now true nature found and mathematically verified. More details: new-physics.com
The Presentation is about the fundamental physical quantity Mass.
The presentation is motivated by my son back from school asked me "if weight is a force, and the unit of force is Newton, why aren't we buying potatoes in Newtons but in Kgs.
I didn't answer this question in my presentation. But, I facilitated students to find the answer themselves.
Parte I- Enseñar o Enseñando tecnologiacarmenluisa
Un resumen del capitulo 16 sobre Teaching Technology del libro de texto de Grassian, E y Kaplowitz, J. (2001) Teaching Technology. Information Literacy Instruction: Theory and Practice. Chap XVI pages 365-386.
Hawking radiation and the expansion of the universeEran Sinbar
Based on Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle it is concluded that the vacuum is filed
with matter and anti-matter virtual pairs (“quantum foam”) that pop out and
annihilate back in a very short period of time. When this quantum effects happen
just outside the "event horizon" of a black hole, there is a chance that one of these
virtual particles will pass through the event horizon and be sucked forever into the
black hole while its partner virtual particle remains outside the event horizon free to
float in space as a real particle (Hawking Radiation).
In our previous work [1], we claim that antimatter particle has anti-gravity
characteristic, therefore, we claim that during the Hawking radiation procedure,
virtual matter particles have much larger chance to be sucked by gravity into the
black hole then its copartner the anti-matter (anti-gravity) virtual particle.
This leads us to the conclusion that hawking radiation is a significant source for
continuous generation of mostly new anti-matter particles, spread in deep space,
contributing to the expansion of space through their anti-gravity characteristic.
Black holes and the expansion of space .pdfEran Sinbar
This Essay suggests a way to prove that curved space-time guides photonic light how to move, but unlike matter, photonic light will not guide space-time how to curve. This will lead to the conclusion that photonic light has no direct gravitational effect on space-time. This conclusion leads to the source of dark energy which accelerates the expansion of space-time.
The objective of this paper is to propose an approach to the unification of physics by attempting
to construct a physical worldview which can be used as the context for a unified physical theory.
The underlying principle is that we have to construct a clear description of the physical world
before we can build a unified physical theory.
The present state of physics is such that there are many theories which all differ in the descriptive
context in which they operate. The theories of general relativity, quantum theory, quantum
electrodynamics, string theory and the standard model of particle physics are based on differing
concepts of the nature of the physical world.
The arrow of time is the "one-way direction" or "asymmetry" of time. The thermodynamic arrow of time is provided by the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which says that in an isolated system, entropy tends to increase with time (Wikipedia).
Nevertheless, this asymmetry of time is not intuitive based on the Einstein’s field equations that relate to space and time as one entity. Since space is symmetrical to all directions time is also expected to be a “two way direction”.
Based on Einstein’s field equations mass curves space time and curvature of space-time is actually what Newtonian physics refer to as potential energy or the gravitational field.
Two major questions can arise from this field equation interpretation:
Mass m, has a well-defined inherent energy based on Einstein’s special relativity equation, E=mc^2 .The mass curves space-time and this curvature adds potential energy to its surrounding based on Einstein’s field equations. What is the source of this added potential energy?
Since space-time is considered as a unified description and since space is symmetric to all directions, we expect that time should flow symmetrically both to the future and to the past. We know that this is not the case and time flows only towards the future.
Abstract: Dr. David Joseph Bohm an American scientist who theorized quantum mechanics in the most ordinary and understandable way, which is somewhat referred to as the “Pilot Wave-model”. Also he prophesized in neuropsychology, and gave the Holonomic model of brain affecting our view of the quantum mechanics. His theories suggest that the phenomenon of “NON LOCALITY” or quantum entanglement is due to the famous “frame dragging” phenomenon predicted by Sir. Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity.
Bohm’s theory also suggests that time doesn’t exist in the way we think it does as stated by “THE BIG CRUNCH” theory. According to it time exists due to the interacting frequencies of the waves due to particle vibrations in space and that the universe never began.
In this paper existence of quantum entanglement is used to question the degree of correctness of the Space-time fabric theory.
The big bang and the hawking radiation in a photonic dominated space timeEran Sinbar
Hawking radiation is the black hole radiation due to quantum effects near the black hole event horizon in empty space (vacuum). It is actually the evaporation process of the black hole since it generates and radiates a real particle out of empty space and losses the same energy back into the empty space. This paper tries to analyze what will happen if the black hole will be located in a space filled with energy, dominated by highly energetic Gamma ray photons. This paper suggests that the Hawking radiation due to quantum effects near the black hole event horizon in a space dominated by highly energetic photonic radiation will cause the extreme expansion of space and can explain the inflation phase of the Big Bang.
Four Laws of Inertia in ‘variable’ Spacetime FieldIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: All science theories and physics laws are derived and described in the ‘fixed or straight’ space-time. Nobody thinks what will happen to these laws and theories if the space-time itself gets varied (curved). The fundamental laws of physics certainly not going to hold in the varied field of spacetime and will get modified. There are mysteries of physics such as inertia and gravity which cannot be explained in fixed spacetime. Many people believed that asking ‘what cause inertia’ is as unanswerable as asking ‘what cause gravity’ or asking ‘why does matter exist?’ They argued that these things are so fundamental that there is no explanation (or atleast no satisfactory explanation from modern science). This paper tries to reveal the origin mysteries of inertia and gravity (two greatest mysteries of science) through the concept of ‘variable’ spacetime (ST) field. The law of relativity and its cause can also be understood as intrinsic property of ST field. The concept of ‘spacetime’ as quantum field is introduced and a vital modification been proposed to the fundamental forces of the Nature. Three new types of Energy based on relativity are proposed and explained. Finally four laws of ‘inertia’ are proposed in which first and third law of inertia explains the ‘origin of inertia and gravity’. The second law of inertia explains the relation of energy with spacetime field. At the end, a thought experiment of ‘two parallel trains’ discussed and shown the violation of energy conservation law analytically in isolated system. In short, the theory discover that the things are living in the quantum field of spacetime and ‘Mass’ can cause ‘variation’ to the spacetime field and the variation of spacetime field leads to the generation or destruction of Energy.
The origins of super massive black holes.pdfEran Sinbar
Based on Bekenstein-Hawking formula, the black hole maximal entropy , the maximum amount of information bits that a black hole can conceal, beyond its event horizon, is proportional to the area of its event horizon surface divided by quantized area units, in the scale of Planck area (the square of Planck length). Since any sphere is limited to the amount of information bits it can contain within its volume of space, up to the limit of the information within a black hole with an event horizon at the radius of this sphere, the Bekenstein-Hawking formula is the upper limit for information contained within any sphere (or volume) of space. This is a surprising result since it limits the amount of information bits that are concealed in a volume of space to the amount of Planck area units that can fit onto its surrounding surface area. This can lead to the idea that the fabric of spacetime is a fabric of entangled information units at the size of Planck length (for each information unit). Due to entanglement, the information in a volume of space is entangled to the information on its surrounding sphere and is limited by the surrounding sphere area divided by Planck area, just as Bekenstein-Hawking calculated for the black hole entropy. The best candidate to carry the entangled information quantum bits in empty space, will be the virtual particles quantum fluctuations in the vacuum, that pop in and out of existence due to The Heisenberg uncertainty principle . Some of these virtual particles that pop in and out of existence in empty space are non-correlated random noise fluctuations that cancel each other, and some are correlated information fluctuations. The correlated information fluctuations on the surface of the sphere represent information regarding the energy and mass within the volume of this sphere. As the information carrying, correlated virtual particle pairs pop in and out of existence, they define the pulse of time.
String theory and the grid dimension.pdfEran Sinbar
In string theory energy comes in the form of Planck length sized strings vibrating at different frequencies. The questions that arise from this model are: why is the Planck length so unique? How can this model explain the non-locality of quantum mechanics? This paper will show another approach to string theory where the strings are made from quantized local spacetime units and an extra non-local grid like dimension (the grid dimension). This approach can enable a visualization of the non-locality behavior of quantum mechanics.
This paper will show that if we assume that photonic energy curves space time, we will reach a conflict which requires a whole new approach to anti-matter and anti-gravity.
When Albert Einstein imagined himself riding on a beam of light, it was the trigger for developing his special theory of relativity. This paper will keep on trying to imagine the passage of space-time from the perspective of a photon to reveal new insights on the fundamental structure of space-time.
The Newton bucket argument and the quantized space-time model.pdfEran Sinbar
Isaac Newton’s spinning bucket argument demonstrating true spinal motion reference to an absolute space, stand in conflict with Einstein’s special theory of relativity which defines relative spin without an absolute frame of reference. This paper will solve the conflict by introducing a quantized space-time with a staggered frames of reference structure.
The uncertainty principle and quantized space-time.pdfEran Sinbar
This paper will show that the Heisenberg uncertainty principle can be explained through quantized space-time. This idea will be developed from the double slit delayed choice quantum eraser experiment and gravitational waves.
The twins paradox and quantized space time .pdfEran Sinbar
Albert Einstein’s twin paradox cannot be visualized through our standard four-dimensional (4D) space time structure and there is a need for a fundamental change in our space-time structure in order to truly overcome the paradox. This change will be an important step towards a unification theory, between general relativity and quantum mechanics.
Quantized space time and Einstein's special theory of relativity.pdfEran Sinbar
Based on Prof. Bekenstein and Prof. Hawking, the black hole maximal entropy[1], the maximum amount of information that a black hole can conceal, beyond its event horizon, is proportional to the area of its event horizon surface divided by quantized area units, in the scale of Planck area (the square of Planck length). This is a surprising result since it limits the amount of information bits in a volume of space to the amount of Planck area units that can fit into its surrounding surface area. Taking this information limit to the event horizon of a sphere in the size of Planck length in each of its three dimensions, will open up a new approach to a quantized (quantum) space - time structure.
Mathematical derivation of a quantized space-time.pdfEran Sinbar
Based on Prof. Bekenstein and Prof. Hawking, the black hole maximal entropy, the maximum amount of information that a black hole can conceal, beyond its event horizon, is proportional to the area of its event horizon surface divided by quantized area units, in the scale of Planck area (the square of Planck length). This is a surprising result since it limits the amount of information bits in a volume of space to the amount of Planck area units that can fit into its surrounding surface area. Taking this information limit to the event horizon of a sphere in the size of Planck length in each of its three dimensions, will open up a new approach to our space - time structure. Prof Bekenstein published 50 years ago his paper about " Black holes and entropy" .This paper proves mathematically , based on Prof. Bekenstein's formula that space-time must be quantized and this leads to the the discovery of an extra grid shaped dimension between the quantized units of space-time. This is a break through towards the ultimate connection between gravity and quantum mechanics in these days when physics is so blurry and confusing.
Black hole entropy leads to a quantized space-time.pdfEran Sinbar
Based on Prof. Bekenstein and Prof. Hawking, the black hole maximal entropy, the maximum amount of information that a black hole can conceal, beyond its event horizon, is proportional to the area of its event horizon surface divided by quantized area units, in the scale of Planck area (the square of Planck length). This is a surprising result since it limits the amount of information bits in a volume of space to the amount of Planck area units that can fit into its surrounding surface area. Taking this information limit from the event horizon of a black hole to the event horizon of a sphere in the size of Planck length in each of its three dimensions, will open up a new approach to our space -time structure.
Visualizing non local connections through space-time.pdfEran Sinbar
A special solution of the Einstein field equation is a tunnel (“worm hole”) which
connects disparate points in space time in a non local way (faster than the speed
of light).
But looking at figure 1 ,where Alice is on one side of the wormhole while Bob
is on the other side , the main questions are:
Where in the local space time is the non local tunnel that connects
between them ?
How can it be that we cannot see or disconnect this tunnel ?
A scientific theory must be visualized by a three dimensional symmetrical image.
If it cannot be visualized it can not be a scientific theory.
If there is a way to visualize it, its an important step forward.
There are two non-local phenomena that cannot be visualized by our standard local three-dimensional concept of space. These phenomena are quantum entanglement (EPR) and the unique results of general relativity in the form of wormholes (ER). Lately it has been suggested that these two are the same phenomena (ER=EPR). In order to visualize them, one dimension was reduced suggesting that our space is a two-dimensional hologram. This paper suggests a new way to visualize these non-local phenomena by quantizing the standard three-dimensional local space and adding an extra non-local grid dimension between the quantized space units.
Adding a gravitational waves detector to the double slit experiment.pdfEran Sinbar
“We choose to examine a phenomenon which is impossible, absolutely impossible, to explain in any classical way, and which has in it the heart of quantum mechanics” – Richard Feynman. This paper shows that when an elementary particle (electron, photon and proton) is not measured, it doesn’t have a momentum and location. This idea will be proven by a thought experiment combining double slit experiment with gravitational waves measurement.
The field of reference frames approach.pdfEran Sinbar
Einstein’s special theory of relativity, describes a fabric of space-time in which the speed of light is the same for all observers regardless on their inertial frame of reference (might also be referred to as reference frame or frame of reference). Based on that assumption, Einstein concluded in his special theory of relativity that two observers in two separate frames of reference will measure a difference in the flow of time, in length and in the exact time that events occur (relativity of simultaneity). A new approach that will enable to visualize the structure of this unique fabric of space - time in a single four dimensional (4D) image, will be the key to unify gravity with the quantum world.
Extra dimensions and the arrow of time.pdfEran Sinbar
“The increase of disorder or entropy is what distinguishes the past from the future, giving a direction to time “– Stephen Hawking, A brief history of time. This statement arises two questions: Time is a universal concept, but order and disorder are both a subjective concept of our human brain. How can a subjective concept like disorder distinguish a universal concept like time? Why was the past in a lower entropy compared to the future?
This paper suggests that by quantizing space time and by adding an extra non local three dimensional (3D) grid like dimensions (grid dimension) these two questions can be approached.
Gravity and the entropy equation of a black hole .pdfEran Sinbar
Based on Prof. Bekenstein and Prof. Hawking, the black hole maximal entropy, the maximum amount of information that a black hole can conceal, beyond its event horizon, is proportional to the area of its event horizon surface divided by quantized area units, in the scale of Planck area (the square of Planck length). This is a surprising result since it limits the amount of information bits that are concealed in a volume of space to the amount of Planck area units that can fit into its surrounding surface area and not into its volume. This lead to the holographic principle idea by reducing our standard three dimensional (3D) space into a two dimensional space (2D). This paper will suggest a new approach in which we add extra dimensions and quantize our standard three dimensional space in order to explain this surprising result of the Hawking Bekenstein formula. From this new approach gravitational time dilation emerges leading towards the Einstein field equations.
Gravity and the cosmic microwave background radiation (cmbr)Eran Sinbar
Based on Einstein’s field equations, mass curves space time and curvature of space-time dictates the gravitational field around the mass. In the theory of general relativity, the equivalence principle is the equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass, and Albert Einstein's observation that the gravitational "force" as experienced locally while standing on a massive body (such as the Earth) is the same as the force experienced by an observer in an accelerated frame of reference. Since acceleration consume energy, it’s a worthy question to ask how curvature of space time can supply this equivalent required energy for acceleration.
Let’s imagine that two similar small objects (e.g. mass A and mass B) are standing still in space-time relative to each other in their frame of reference. Now imagine that mass A absorbs an energetic pulse of gamma ray burst and starts to increase its mass (for example by absorbing radiation and increasing its thermal energy) .Its new effective mass will be signed as A’ where A’>>A.
Based on the interpretation today of the Einstein’s field equations the curvature of space time causes mass B to move towards mass A’ since it is the shortest geodesic path in the curved space-time. The curvature of space time is practically the potential energy.
But from mass B point of view (in its frame of reference where both mass A and B were standing still before the increase of mass A), it feels suddenly a force towards mass A’ and an increase in its kinetic energy and it is a worthy question to ask where does this extra kinetic energy come from? How can curvature in space-time explain this extra kinetic energy of mass B?
This article tries to analyze the Einstein field equations in a new heuristic approach and to explain the cause for the movement of mass B towards the increasing mass A’ due to what is related as gravitational force. The article also suggests that the source of the extra kinetic energy given to mass B comes from the CMBR (Cosmic Micro wave Background Radiation).
How can we explain the “spooky action at a distance “ of the quantum entanglement?
Why are we limited to the Planck length?
Why are we limited to the speed of light?
How can it be that two observers (Alice and Bob) at different velocities in the same point in space-time ,
grasp space and time in a different manner as defined in Einstein’s special relativity theory?
This short presentation will visualize the answer to these deep questions
The information paradox of schrodinger's cat in a black holeEran Sinbar
Based on Prof. Bekenstein and Prof. Hawking, the black hole maximal entropy , the maximum amount of information that a black hole can absorb, beyond its event horizon is proportional to the area of its event horizon surface divided by quantized area units, in the scale of Planck area (the square of Planck length). This article suggests the following new information paradox, in which a box with the Schrodinger’s cat thought experiment passes the black hole event horizon towards the black hole singularity.
Black hole event horizon gravitational firewall Eran Sinbar
This paper suggests a way to prove based on Black Hole Tidal Disruption Events (TDE) or by Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB), comparing the observatory telescopes with the Laser Interferometry Gravitational wave Observatory (LIGO) measurements that photonic light can never pass the event horizon of a black hole towards the gravitational singularity in its core. This conclusion will indicate that photonic light has no direct gravitational effect on space-time and that at the event horizon it will interact with a gravitational “fire wall” that will split the photon into a matter particle with its gravitational curving effect and an anti-matter particle with its anti -gravitational stretching effect.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
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In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
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Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...
Non quantum entanglement through time and gravity
1. Non-quantum entanglement through time and gravity
Yoav Weinstein1
, Eran Sinbar2,
*, and Gabriel Sinbar3
1
DIR Technologies,Matam Towers 3, 6F, P.O.Box 15129, Haifa, 319050, Israel
2
DIR Technologies,Matam Towers 3, 6F, P.O.Box 15129, Haifa, 3190501, Israel
3
RAFAEL advanced defense systems ltd., POB 2250(19), Haifa, 3102102, Israel
* Corresponding author: Eran Sinbar, Ela 13, Shorashim, Misgav, 2016400, Israel,
Telephone: +972-4-9028428, Mobile phone: +972-523-713024,
Email: eyoran2016@gmail.com
Abstract
In our previous paper [1] we show a paradox that leads to the conclusion that anti-
matter must have "anti-gravity". Based on this conclusion we claim that matter and
anti-matter preserve two new conservation laws: 1. Conservation of gravity,
2. Conservation of time.
In our previous paper [2] we show that based on the conservation of gravity and time,
we expect that when a pair of matter and anti-matter particles is produced from pure
energy (e.g. pair production from an energetic photon ), they are entangled through
gravity and time. This entanglement of time and gravity is not restricted to the
quantum rules, and it will be referred as "non-quantum entanglement through time".
In this article, based on the non-quantum entanglement through time, we claim that
we can exploit this non-quantum entanglement in order to communicate
instantaneously through large distances.
2. Non-quantum entanglement through time
Yoav Weinstein1
, Eran Sinbar2,
*, and Gabriel Sinbar3
Key Words: communication; time; entanglement; matter, antimatter
1. Introduction
Quantum entanglement is one of the central principles of quantum physics. Quantum
entanglement means that pairs or groups of particles are generated or linked together
in a way such that the measurement of one particle's quantum state determines the
possible quantum states of the other particles.
Such phenomena were the subject of a 1935 paper by Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky,
and Nathan Rosen [3], describing what came to be known as the EPR paradox.
Einstein, Schrödinger and others [4], [5] considered such behavior to be impossible,
as it violated the local realist view of causality (Einstein referring to it as "spooky
action at a distance") and argued that the accepted formulation of quantum
mechanics must therefore be incomplete. Later, experiments have been performed
involving measuring the polarization or spin of entangled particles in different
directions, which, by producing violations of Bell's inequality [6]
demonstrate statistically that the local realist view cannot be correct.
This has been shown to occur even when the distance between the sites of
measurements was large enough so that the measurements are performed more
quickly than even light speed could travel between the sites of measurements and
influence the entangled particles. Recent experiments have measured entangled
particles within less than one hundredth of a percent of the travel time of light
between them [7]. According to the formalism of quantum theory, the effect of
measurement happens instantly [8].
In quantum physics, we normally entangle individual particles like electrons or
photons, where, for example, each electron can have a spin of either up or down in the
direction of measurement. If you measure the spin of one of them, you
instantaneously know the spin of the other, even if it’s halfway across the Universe.
Many scientists wonder whether we could use this property of quantum entanglement
to communicate instantaneously from, for example, a distant star system to earth.
The basic scenario for entanglement based communication looks like this: two people,
traditionally named “Alice” and “Bob” share a pair of entangled particles that can
each be measured in one of two quantum states, which we’ll call “0″ or “1”. These
particles are prepared in an entangled state in which a measurement of the state of
Alice’s particle is correlated with the measured state of Bob’s particle, no matter how
far apart they are. That is, if Alice force her particle to be in state "1" she knows that
3. Bob will measure his particle at that moment to be in state"0" no matter where he is
whether he is far away or even in a station on Mars.
It’s seems to be a brilliant plan for instantaneous communication, but there’s a
problem: quantum entanglement works if you only measure the state. If you force an
entangled particle into a particular state, you break the entanglement, and the
measurement you make on Earth is completely independent of the measurement at the
distant star.
In this article we present a different kind of entanglement named: Non-quantum
entanglement of matter and antimatter that behaves in a different way than quantum
entanglement and might be used for instantaneous communication.
2. Non-quantum entanglement of matter and anti-matter
Matter and anti-matter were originally produced, based on the "big bang" theory, by pure
energy ( . In our previous paper [1] we show a paradox that leads us to the
conclusion that anti-matter must have "anti-gravity" and anti-dilation effect on time
(time flows faster).
Since pure energy (e.g. energetic photons in free space) doesn't have mass, we expect
that it will not influence time and apply no gravity. Based on that we claim that matter
and anti-matter, produced from pure energy, must preserve two new conservation
laws: 1. The "Conservation of gravity", 2. The "Conservation of time ".
In our previous paper [2], based on these new conservation laws [1], we claim that the
number of all matter particles in the universe must be equal exactly to the number of
all antimatter particles. Moreover, each matter particle must be entangled to a
"partner" antimatter particle so all the universe is build up from matter and antimatter
"entangled" pairs through gravity and time. Therefore, when a matter particle
approaches a bulk of mass (e.g. star) that impose on the matter particle a gravitational
time dilation, this information must be transferred instantaneously to its entangled
"partner" anti-matter particle in order for it to impose anti-gravitational and time anti-
dilation (time “floats” faster), so that the total effect on time will sum up to zero.
This is a new kind of entanglement, a "cosmological non-quantum entanglement" and
it’s not governed by the quantum entanglement rules. For example, in quantum
physics, we normally entangle individual particles like electrons or photons. If you
measure the spin of one of them, you instantaneously know the spin of the other, even
if it’s halfway across the Universe. But, if you force an entangled particle into a
particular state you break the entanglement.
On the other hand, in the new kind of cosmological non-quantum entanglement, we
entangle particles of matter with a particles of anti-matter (e.g. Electrons and
Positron) where each electron impose a gravity and time dilation while its entangled
partner, the positron, impose an anti-gravity and time anti-dilation so that the total
effect on time and on gravity will sum up to zero.
4. Like in the case of regular quantum entanglement, if you measure, for example, the
time dilation of a matter particle you can know the anti-dilation of the anti-matter
entangled partner particle instantaneously and it doesn't matter what the distance is
between those particles.
The big difference between these two kinds of entanglements is that in regular
quantum entanglement if you force an entangled particle into a particular state, you
break the entanglement, and the measurement you make on one side is completely
independent of the measurement at the other side. On the other hand, in the case of the
new kind of non-quantum entanglement, applying gravitational force (or acceleration
force) on the matter particle for example, will not tear apart the entanglement. The
gravitational or acceleration force applied on one side will change the time dilation on
both sides instantaneously based on the time entanglement. This entangled
phenomenon will happen instantaneously in all inertial reference frames. Also the
causality will remain through all the possible inertial reference frames. This enables
instantaneous communication without “breaking” any quantum rules. Measuring or
influencing time dilation on one side (see Fig.1 and Fig. 2) will not influence the
entangled state (as expected in regular quantum entanglement), since it is a non-
quantum entanglement, and this will enable instantaneous information transfer.
3. Experiment to prove the concept of non-quantum entanglement
through time for instantaneous communication through large distances
By using that unique property of this new non-quantum entanglement through time,
we suggest a practical way to communicate instantaneously through large distances.
Since all the required technologies are available today we suggest to test this approach
in the laboratory.
Scientists at CERN have published the results of experiments in which they captured
anti-hydrogen particles for 1,000 seconds before annihilation [9]. It is reasonable to
assume that in the near future scientists will succeed to increase the lifetime of anti-
matter for a much longer time.
Let us assume non-quantum entangled Anti matter (Alice) and matter (Bob) which are
far away from each other. Increasing the gravitational force on Bob’s side (e.g by
decreasing the distance of the satellite from the star), will cause gravitational time
dilation on Bob side and through the non-quantum time entanglement the anti-matter
side (Alice) will measure an instantaneous anti-dilation in the flow of time (time
moves faster), compared to a reference clock situated far enough from the anti-matter
influence on time (Fig 1).
5. Alice Bob
Figure 1: Applying instantaneous communication based on non-quantum time
entanglement by applying gravitational force.
According to Einstein's general relativity theorem, acceleration and gravity force are
equivalent and has the same effect on time dilation. Therefor Bob can cause
gravitational time dilation by applying a change in the acceleration force applied on
the matter on his side. This will cause a change in gravitational time dilation on Bob
side and through the non-quantum time entanglement the anti-matter side (Alice) will
measure an instantaneous change in the flow of time (time moves faster), compared
to a reference clock situated far enough from the anti-matter influence on time (Fig.
2).
Alice Bob
Figure2: Applying instantaneous communication based on non-quantum time
entanglement by applying acceleration force.
6. The effect of time dilation is maximal at the location of the matter and anti-matter
particles and gradually decreases as the distance from the particles grows. For
example (Fig. 3), on Alice side (anti-matter), clock A is compared to a reference clock B
located farther from the anti-matter (but still on Alice side). The farther the reference clock B
is situated from the anti-matter the less it feels the anti-matters influence on its time flow.
Figure3: an example of a setup designed to measure the time dilation signal on the
anti-matter (Alice) side.
4. Conclusion
Based on time and gravity conservation consideration [1], matter and antimatter
particles are entangled through time and gravity [2]. This is a non-quantum
entanglement (compared for example to the quantum spin entanglement). Applying
gravitational force (or acceleration force) on Bob side for example, will not tear apart
the time entanglement. The gravitational or acceleration force applied on Bob’s side
will change the time dilation on both Alice and Bob sides instantaneously based on
the time entanglement (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). This entangled phenomenon will
happen instantaneously in any inertial reference frame that will observe Alice and
Bob. The causality will remain through all the possible inertial reference frames.
If, for example, Bob apply a gravitational or acceleration force on his side and then
Alice will measures a change in the time dilation on her side. This way Alice can
know what Bob did on his side. This way, Bob can transmit instantaneously (e.g.
through Mors code) information to Alice side. This might enable the future
development of instantaneous communication systems.
7. By using that unique property of this new non-quantum entanglement through time,
we suggested a practical way to communicate instantaneously through large distances.
All mentioned above, regarding non-quantum entanglement through time, is true for
non-quantum entanglement through gravity as well.
Since all the required technologies are available today we suggest to test this approach
in the laboratory. If the results of such experiment will confirm our theory, then that
will be a revolutionary breakthrough in the cosmological science.
5. References
[1] Yoav Weinstein1
, Eran Sinbar2,
*, and Gabriel Sinbar3 ,
Antimatter's
gravity paradox, http://www.slideshare.net/eransinbar1/anti-matters-gravity-
paradox
[2] Yoav Weinstein1
, Eran Sinbar2,
*, and Gabriel Sinbar3
, Entanglement
between matter and anti-matter particles,
http://www.slideshare.net/eransinbar1/entanglement-between-matter-
and-anti-matter-particles
[3] Einstein A, Podolsky B, Rosen N; Podolsky; Rosen (1935). "Can
Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered
Complete?" Phys. Rev. 47 (10).
[4] Schrödinger E (1935). "Discussion of probability relations between
separated systems". Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge
Philosophical Society. 31 (4).
[5] Schrödinger E (1936). "Probability relations between separated
systems". Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical
Society. 32 (3)
[6] Bell, J. S. (1987). Speak able and Unspeakable in Quantum
Mechanics (PDF). CERN. ISBN 0521334950. Retrieved June 2014.
[7] Juan Yin; et al. (2013). "Bounding the speed of 'spooky action at a
distance". Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 260407
[8] Matson John (13 August 2012). "Quantum teleportation achieved over
record distances". Nature.
[9] Richard Chirgwin, Antimatter hangs around at CERN, Anti-hydrogen
lives for 1,000 seconds, (2011).
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/06/05/antimatter_for_1000_seconds/
Figure legends:
Figure1: applying instantaneous communication based on non-quantum time
entanglement by applying gravitational force.
Figure2: applying instantaneous communication based on non-quantum time
entanglement by applying acceleration force.
Figure3: an example of a setup designed to measure the time dilation signal on the
anti-matter (Alice) side.