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- 1. Wendy Teo Senior Audiologist 23 March 2022 Learn about Hearing & Hearing Aids | Time of Your Life
- 2. 2 Audiologists are the professionals who specialize in diagnosing and treating people with hearing and balance disorders. Audiologists Introduction
- 3. 3 Learn about Hearing • Anatomy and Physiology of Hearing • Audiological Test • Types and Causes of Hearing Loss • Degree of Hearing Loss • Consequences of Hearing Loss • Prevention and Communication Strategies
- 4. 4 Anatomy & Physiology of Hearing Outer Middle Inner Pinna Ear drum Ear canal
- 5. 5 Anatomy & Physiology of Hearing • The outer ear consist of – Pinna • Outer part of the ear which is visible • Collects sound waves and channel them via the ear canal to the inner ear – Auditory ear canal • Usually about 25-30mm • Wax is usually present on the outer 1/3 of the canal – Ear drum • Connected to the 3 bones in the middle ear • Vibrates and sends sound waves from outer ear to middle ear
- 6. 6 Anatomy & Physiology of Hearing Outer Middle Inner Pinna Ear drum Ear canal Middle ear bones
- 7. 7 Anatomy & Physiology of Hearing • The middle ear consist of – Eardrum – 3 middles ear bones • Malleus • Incus • Stapes – Receives vibration from the eardrum and sends to the inner ear
- 8. 8 Anatomy & Physiology of Hearing Outer Middle Inner Pinna Ear drum Ear canal Middle ear bones Cochlea
- 9. 9 Anatomy & Physiology of Hearing • The inner ear consist of – Vestibular System (balancing) – Cochlea – converts sound (mechanical energy) to electrical energy – Auditory Nerve – transmits the electrical energy from cochlea to the brain where understanding takes place
- 10. 10 Audiological Test (Hearing Test) • Human can hear from 20Hz (low pitch) to 20kHz (high pitch) • Hearing test also know as pure tone audiometry, test frequencies from 250Hz to 8000Hz – Important frequencies for communication are between 250Hz – 8000Hz – It tests the softest sound that we can hear • Audiogram – graph where the hearing test results are being plotted • Shows us the type and degree of hearing loss
- 11. 11 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Frequency (Hz) High Frequency Audiogram (Frequency)
- 12. 12 Audiogram (Loudness) 10 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 HEARING LEVEL (dB HL) SOFT LOUD
- 13. 13 Audiogram • Audiogram of sounds
- 14. 14 Types of Hearing Loss • Conductive Hearing Loss • Sensorineural Hearing Loss • Mixed Hearing Loss
- 15. 15 Conductive Hearing Loss • Occurs when sound from outside is unable to be transmitted from the outer and/or middle ear to the inner ear • Common Causes – Wax in the ear canal – Perforated eardrum – Infection – Trauma – Etc.
- 16. 16 Seneorineural Hearing Loss • Occurs when the hair cells in the cochlea are damaged or weaken • Can also happen when the auditory nerve is damaged, thus signals are not able to reach the brain • Common Causes – Aging – Noise – Ototoxic medications – Trauma – Etc.
- 17. 17 Mixed Hearing Loss • Combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss • Common Causes – Mixture of causes from conductive and sensorineural hearing loss
- 18. 18 Degree of Hearing Loss 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 10 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Mild Hearing Loss Moderate Hearing Loss Moderately severe Hearing Loss Severe Hearing Loss Profound Hearing Loss Within Normal limits Frequency (Hz) Loudness (dB HL)
- 19. 19 Degree of Hearing Loss Hearing Threshold (dB HL) Ability to Hear Speech Degree of Hearing Loss Within normal limits Minimal Hearing Loss 91dB HL and above 40-55 dB HL 71-90 dB HL 56-70 dB HL 26-40 dB HL 16-25 dB HL 0-25 dB HL Very soft speech is difficult to hear, especially from far away. Background noise can worsen comprehension. No difficulty. Severe Profound Moderately severe Moderate Mild Soft speech is muffled but comprehensible in quiet environment. Noise and reverberation can further complicate speech. Most speech is inaudible, even with significant amplification. Conversation at regular volume cannot be heard and even loud speech is difficult to understand. Amplification offers little help. Speech is muddy and requires amplification. Communication within a group is difficult. Speech is difficult to understand even in quiet situations and background noise is highly distracting. Audio must be at a high volume to be heard.
- 20. 20 Consequences of Hearing Loss • Cognitive decline • Social Isolation • Depression • Increased risk of fall • Etc…
- 21. 21 Communication Strategies • Speak slowly and clearly • Face the person when talking • Minimize Background noise • Do not talk from another room • Choose a suitable place to hold communication such as areas that are well lit, quiet, and calm • Take turn to speak, try not to have multiple speakers at the same time • Say the person’s name before beginning a conversation • Rephrase misheard statement rather than just repeating it
- 22. 22 Prevention • DO NOT dig your ears • DO NOT listen to music too loudly for prolonged period of time – Recommendation: 60%/60mins rule • Wear ear protections if you are working in a noisy environment • Stay away from loud noises
- 23. 23 Source: Residential Acoustics How Loud is Loud? 0-30dB barely audible 40-50dB quiet, pleasant sounds 60-70dB normal city noise 80-90dB prolonged exposure may cause hearing loss (max safe time 2.5hrs) 100-110dB noise at this level is annoying (max safe time 15mins-1min) 120-130dB For most people, this is pain threshold (max safe time less than 1min) 140dB+ A single exposure may cause permanent hearing loss
- 24. 24 DON’Ts… • Lip read • *It is good when paired with the hearing aids • Cup your ears- Not worth it • Nod your head and fake smiling • Laugh because others are laughing