Author: Nikitas Kastis.
Over the past 25 years, the school sector has been the promising area for public policies and funding activities, as well as for commercial interests, to increase the availability of ICT in education.
Using ICT and electronic music to reduce school drop out in EuropeeLearning Papers
Author: Franco Alvaro
In Europe, too many young people leave school prematurely without those basic skills that an active involvement in the knowledge society requires and that are necessary to shift into the labor market. The core aim of the EU funded E-Motion project is to reduce the school drop out rate with a particular emphasis on young people who are at risk of social exclusion (migrants, ethnic minorities, poor socio-economic backgrounds).
The Unbundled University: Researching emerging models in an unequal landscape – ESRC/NRF funded 26 month project
Profs Neil Morris and Laura Czerniewicz from the universities of Leeds and Cape Town, respectively, are the Principal Investigators on the 26-month project ‘The Unbundled University: Researching Emerging Models in an Unequal Landscape’, from October 2016 to November 2018. Also on the team are Carlo Perrotta, Bronwen Swinnerton and Mariya Ivancheva from the University of Leeds and Alan Cliff, Sukaina Walji and Rebecca Swartz from the University of Cape Town. This project examines the profound confluence which constitutes the unbundled university – the intersection of increasingly disaggregated curricula and services, the affordances of digital technologies, the growing marketisation of the higher education sector itself and the deep inequalities which characterise both the sector and the contexts in which they are located.
Each of these aspects contributes to the complex ways in which the nature of Higher Education is itself evolving. For example, the past few years have seen the appearance of many flexible online courses and qualifications, delivered in new configurations of providers and partnerships, including by parties new to the sector. Whilst these changes may offer opportunities for increased numbers of learners to access education and thus contribute to economic prosperity, there is very little empirical research about the nature, process and impact of unbundling and rebundling, as it is playing out in the rapidly reconfiguring sphere. This project will explore how these formulations are coming into being, how opportunities are being exploited and whose interests are being served
With the hot topic of ICT-enabled innovations for learning, the Learning at Home and in the Hospital - LeHo project will be kicked-off in January 2014.
Using ICT and electronic music to reduce school drop out in EuropeeLearning Papers
Author: Franco Alvaro
In Europe, too many young people leave school prematurely without those basic skills that an active involvement in the knowledge society requires and that are necessary to shift into the labor market. The core aim of the EU funded E-Motion project is to reduce the school drop out rate with a particular emphasis on young people who are at risk of social exclusion (migrants, ethnic minorities, poor socio-economic backgrounds).
The Unbundled University: Researching emerging models in an unequal landscape – ESRC/NRF funded 26 month project
Profs Neil Morris and Laura Czerniewicz from the universities of Leeds and Cape Town, respectively, are the Principal Investigators on the 26-month project ‘The Unbundled University: Researching Emerging Models in an Unequal Landscape’, from October 2016 to November 2018. Also on the team are Carlo Perrotta, Bronwen Swinnerton and Mariya Ivancheva from the University of Leeds and Alan Cliff, Sukaina Walji and Rebecca Swartz from the University of Cape Town. This project examines the profound confluence which constitutes the unbundled university – the intersection of increasingly disaggregated curricula and services, the affordances of digital technologies, the growing marketisation of the higher education sector itself and the deep inequalities which characterise both the sector and the contexts in which they are located.
Each of these aspects contributes to the complex ways in which the nature of Higher Education is itself evolving. For example, the past few years have seen the appearance of many flexible online courses and qualifications, delivered in new configurations of providers and partnerships, including by parties new to the sector. Whilst these changes may offer opportunities for increased numbers of learners to access education and thus contribute to economic prosperity, there is very little empirical research about the nature, process and impact of unbundling and rebundling, as it is playing out in the rapidly reconfiguring sphere. This project will explore how these formulations are coming into being, how opportunities are being exploited and whose interests are being served
With the hot topic of ICT-enabled innovations for learning, the Learning at Home and in the Hospital - LeHo project will be kicked-off in January 2014.
Author: Anne Gilleran.
This paper examines the eTwinning action against the background of 21st century educational and social forces in Europe. It describes in detail the evolution and structure of eTwinning, the opportunities it offers to teachers in terms of pedagogical practice and professional development and the achievments of the portal www.eTwinning.net.
Authors: Daniela Tuparova, Georgi Tuparov.
The study discusses the development and the state of affairs of e-Learning in Bulgaria in recent years. Statistical data is introduced regarding the educational system in the country. The main catalysts of development in this sphere of education in Bulgaria are introduced and analysed.
It's Time for Learning to Go Back to School: Next-Generation Approaches Enric...Cognizant
Major structural shifts in offline and online learning delivery will lead to integrated systems that enable adaptive and holistic higher-education learning environments. Digital footprints will pave way for schools and, eventually, employers to discover learners' competencies and interests and match it to their own offerings and talent needs.
Presentation at the EDEN Open Classroom Conference 2016 “Open Schools for Open Societies, titled: “The E-LIOS project. A School Alliance for Good Practices”. The Conference was co-organized by EDEN, The Institute of Educational Policy Greece and Ellinogermaniki Agogi. Ellinogermaniki Agogi, Athens, Greece, November 4-6, 2016.
USING VOICE RECOGNITION IN E-LEARNING SYSTEM TO REDUCE EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITY...IJCSEA Journal
During the COVID -19 pandemic, educational institutions around the world faced problems that have to do
with the frustration of students for whom traditional education has been replaced by the online format.
Students are experiencing technical difficulties in the digitalization of education. International monitoring
of education systems has shown that quite a few countries were ready to move to distance learning, both for
technical and economic reasons. The covid pandemic has caused an increase in educational inequality. Elearning systems were expected to reduce inequality in education, but empirical research has shown that
learning in this format not only does not reduce, but can increase inequality, increasing the gap in
educational outcomes between students with different socioeconomic status. The article describes
applications of using voice recognition technology based on artificial intelligence which, by our opinion,
may reduce educational inequality during covid-19. We presented a comparative analysis of existing
examples artificial intelligence in the educational process. Artificial intelligence uses in specialized software
it makes educational process more convenient for both the students and the teachers. There is a description
of an application “Academic phrase bank" developed by author. The application consists of two specialising
actions for Google assistant. The application allows to increase academic vocabulary, train of creating
grammatically correct academic expressions, and memorize templates of academic phrases. In active mode,
this application helps to create correct phrases of academic English and improve the abilities of
understanding English speech
Using Voice Recognition in E-Learning System to Reduce Educational Inequality...IJCSEA Journal
During the COVID -19 pandemic, educational institutions around the world faced problems that have to do with the frustration of students for whom traditional education has been replaced by the online format. Students are experiencing technical difficulties in the digitalization of education. International monitoring of education systems has shown that quite a few countries were ready to move to distance learning, both for technical and economic reasons. The covid pandemic has caused an increase in educational inequality. E learning systems were expected to reduce inequality in education, but empirical research has shown that learning in this format not only does not reduce, but can increase inequality, increasing the gap in educational outcomes between students with different socioeconomic status. The article describes applications of using voice recognition technology based on artificial intelligence which, by our opinion, may reduce educational inequality during covid-19. We presented a comparative analysis of existing examples artificial intelligence in the educational process. Artificial intelligence uses in specialized software it makes educational process more convenient for both the students and the teachers. There is a description of an application “Academic phrase bank" developed by author. The application consists of two specialising actions for Google assistant. The application allows to increase academic vocabulary, train of creating grammatically correct academic expressions, and memorize templates of academic phrases. In active mode, this application helps to create correct phrases of academic English and improve the abilities of understanding English speech.
Using e-learning for social sciences: practical lessons from the Free Univers...eLearning Papers
Author:Katharina Schiederig.
Lessons can be drawn from the e-learning pilot project that was successfully implemented in the Department of Political Science at the Free University of Berlin, Germany, between 2004 and 2006. In the framework of the university-wide ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) strategy, the Blackboard platform was used to explore opportunities for blended learning in the field of political and social science.
Social Software and the Establishment of Virtual Communities of Practice in t...eLearning Papers
Authors: Klaus Reich, Christian Petter, Kathrin Helling.
The concept of Communities of Practice can be seen as a central model that supports informal learning processes especially in workplace surroundings. Based on the assumption that Social Software tools and models are well suited to support collaboration within virtual networks, this paper aims to present and analyse the experiences made in the process of establishing Virtual Communities of Practice in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) of the tourism sector in Europe (involving the application of Social Software tools).
Authors: Pedro Leão Ramos Ferreira Neto, Margarida Amaral.
This case study was conducted by the senior lecturer in charge of the Computer Architectural Aided Design (CAAD) course, with the support and active collaboration of Instituto de Recursos e Iniciativas Comuns da Universidade do Porto (IRICUP). CAAD is an optional course for fifth-year students at the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Porto (FAUP).
Author: Anne Gilleran.
This paper examines the eTwinning action against the background of 21st century educational and social forces in Europe. It describes in detail the evolution and structure of eTwinning, the opportunities it offers to teachers in terms of pedagogical practice and professional development and the achievments of the portal www.eTwinning.net.
Authors: Daniela Tuparova, Georgi Tuparov.
The study discusses the development and the state of affairs of e-Learning in Bulgaria in recent years. Statistical data is introduced regarding the educational system in the country. The main catalysts of development in this sphere of education in Bulgaria are introduced and analysed.
It's Time for Learning to Go Back to School: Next-Generation Approaches Enric...Cognizant
Major structural shifts in offline and online learning delivery will lead to integrated systems that enable adaptive and holistic higher-education learning environments. Digital footprints will pave way for schools and, eventually, employers to discover learners' competencies and interests and match it to their own offerings and talent needs.
Presentation at the EDEN Open Classroom Conference 2016 “Open Schools for Open Societies, titled: “The E-LIOS project. A School Alliance for Good Practices”. The Conference was co-organized by EDEN, The Institute of Educational Policy Greece and Ellinogermaniki Agogi. Ellinogermaniki Agogi, Athens, Greece, November 4-6, 2016.
USING VOICE RECOGNITION IN E-LEARNING SYSTEM TO REDUCE EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITY...IJCSEA Journal
During the COVID -19 pandemic, educational institutions around the world faced problems that have to do
with the frustration of students for whom traditional education has been replaced by the online format.
Students are experiencing technical difficulties in the digitalization of education. International monitoring
of education systems has shown that quite a few countries were ready to move to distance learning, both for
technical and economic reasons. The covid pandemic has caused an increase in educational inequality. Elearning systems were expected to reduce inequality in education, but empirical research has shown that
learning in this format not only does not reduce, but can increase inequality, increasing the gap in
educational outcomes between students with different socioeconomic status. The article describes
applications of using voice recognition technology based on artificial intelligence which, by our opinion,
may reduce educational inequality during covid-19. We presented a comparative analysis of existing
examples artificial intelligence in the educational process. Artificial intelligence uses in specialized software
it makes educational process more convenient for both the students and the teachers. There is a description
of an application “Academic phrase bank" developed by author. The application consists of two specialising
actions for Google assistant. The application allows to increase academic vocabulary, train of creating
grammatically correct academic expressions, and memorize templates of academic phrases. In active mode,
this application helps to create correct phrases of academic English and improve the abilities of
understanding English speech
Using Voice Recognition in E-Learning System to Reduce Educational Inequality...IJCSEA Journal
During the COVID -19 pandemic, educational institutions around the world faced problems that have to do with the frustration of students for whom traditional education has been replaced by the online format. Students are experiencing technical difficulties in the digitalization of education. International monitoring of education systems has shown that quite a few countries were ready to move to distance learning, both for technical and economic reasons. The covid pandemic has caused an increase in educational inequality. E learning systems were expected to reduce inequality in education, but empirical research has shown that learning in this format not only does not reduce, but can increase inequality, increasing the gap in educational outcomes between students with different socioeconomic status. The article describes applications of using voice recognition technology based on artificial intelligence which, by our opinion, may reduce educational inequality during covid-19. We presented a comparative analysis of existing examples artificial intelligence in the educational process. Artificial intelligence uses in specialized software it makes educational process more convenient for both the students and the teachers. There is a description of an application “Academic phrase bank" developed by author. The application consists of two specialising actions for Google assistant. The application allows to increase academic vocabulary, train of creating grammatically correct academic expressions, and memorize templates of academic phrases. In active mode, this application helps to create correct phrases of academic English and improve the abilities of understanding English speech.
Using e-learning for social sciences: practical lessons from the Free Univers...eLearning Papers
Author:Katharina Schiederig.
Lessons can be drawn from the e-learning pilot project that was successfully implemented in the Department of Political Science at the Free University of Berlin, Germany, between 2004 and 2006. In the framework of the university-wide ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) strategy, the Blackboard platform was used to explore opportunities for blended learning in the field of political and social science.
Social Software and the Establishment of Virtual Communities of Practice in t...eLearning Papers
Authors: Klaus Reich, Christian Petter, Kathrin Helling.
The concept of Communities of Practice can be seen as a central model that supports informal learning processes especially in workplace surroundings. Based on the assumption that Social Software tools and models are well suited to support collaboration within virtual networks, this paper aims to present and analyse the experiences made in the process of establishing Virtual Communities of Practice in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) of the tourism sector in Europe (involving the application of Social Software tools).
Authors: Pedro Leão Ramos Ferreira Neto, Margarida Amaral.
This case study was conducted by the senior lecturer in charge of the Computer Architectural Aided Design (CAAD) course, with the support and active collaboration of Instituto de Recursos e Iniciativas Comuns da Universidade do Porto (IRICUP). CAAD is an optional course for fifth-year students at the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Porto (FAUP).
Designing for Change: Mash-Up Personal Learning EnvironmentseLearning Papers
Authors:Fridolin Wild, Felix Mödritscher, Steinn E. Sigurdarson.
Institutions for formal education and most work places are equipped today with at least some kind of tools that bring together people and content artefacts in learning activities to support them in constructing and processing information and knowledge. For almost half a century, science and practice have been discussing models on how to bring personalisation through digital means to these environments.
Distance training of teachers in a rural area in KenyaeLearning Papers
Author:Chiara Pozzi.
Globalisation has intensified and delocalised social relations at a worldwide level; it has connected “distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa. Local transformation is as much a part of globalisation as the lateral extension of social connections across time and space.” (Giddens, 1990)
Author:Tapio Varis.
Modern European university traditions during the last 500 years face major challenges in the 21st century. During the Enlightenment and the spirit of Kant, the emphasis was on the logic of human rationality. The Humbold tradition during the 19th century promoted culture and civilisation, a holistic idea of human beings as the ultimate goal of higher education.
Fingers on the Screen: Game-Based Learning for Students with Intellectual Dis...eLearning Papers
Author(s): Maria Saridaki, Costas Mourlas.
Game-Based Learning in the special education classroom is still regarded with skepticism by educators, or has been used mainly as an extrinsic reinforcement.
Inclusive education: helping teachers to choose ICT resources and to use them...eLearning Papers
Authors: Vincenza Benigno, Stefania Bocconi, Michela Ott.
This paper looks at the issue of school inclusion by referring to the concept of Universal Access to Education. It focuses on the strong potential Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) provide to avoid any kind of discrimination among students. The paper also argues that teachers play a fundamental role in capitalising the opportunities offered by new technologies to support the full inclusion of all students in mainstream education systems.
Author: Walter Kugemann, Head of FIM New Learning , University Erlangen-Nuremberg
This article provides a cross-thematic analysis of the relationship between ICT, lifelong learning and innovation in the worlds of school education, vocational training and teacher training.
Author: Olimpius Istrate.
Driven by socio-economical dynamics and supported by several national programmes aiming to increase the access to ICT equipments and to quality eContent, Romanian education institutions began to include 15 years ago new technologies in their development agenda. Several initiatives are trying to keep up with the European and global eLearning trends, principles and actions, focusing on the acquisition of IT equipment and their administrative usage and shifting towards an appropriate education software integration and human resource training.
A digital literacy proposal in online Higher Education: the UOC scenarioeLearning Papers
Authors: Montse Guitert, Teresa Romeu.
Universities have a key role in providing students with strategies and competences to allow them to be part of the current information society and hence to be able to develop a productive career.
This was presented in the "rapporteur session" of the international conference on Evaluation and accountability in education held in Rome, 3-5 October 2012.
Full papers of the conference are posted here: http://www.invalsi.it/invalsi/ri/improving_education/
The article describes a proposed model for assessing the quality of higher distance education based on the technologies of the Information and Communication. This model can be adopted by higher education institutions in order to ensure proper use of Information Technologies and Communication in teaching and learning processes, and strategic processes that support the distance education. This research will use models and success stories from other countries as a basis for generating a preliminary model. Furthermore, this research contains initial reports and results as to justify the contribution of it.
Similar to Observing the e-Learning phenomenon: The case of school education. Analysing the transformative innovation of e-Learning (20)
OER in the Mobile Era: Content Repositories’ Features for Mobile Devices and ...eLearning Papers
Learning objects and open contents have been named in the Horizon reports from 2004 and 2010 respectively, predicting to have an impact in the short term due to the current trend of offering open content for free on the Web. OER repositories should adapt their features so their contents can be accessed from mobile devices. This paper summarizes recent trends in the creation, publication, discovery, acquisition, access, use and re-use of learning objects on mobile devices based on a literature review on research done from 2007 to 2012. From the content providers side, we present the results obtained from a survey performed on 23 educational repository owners prompting them to answer about their current and expected support on mobile devices. From the content user side, we identify features provided by the main OER repositories. Finally, we introduce future trends and our next contributions.
Designing and Developing Mobile Learning Applications in International Studen...eLearning Papers
This paper reports on an international collaboration in which students from different universities designed and developed mobile learning applications, working together in interdisciplinary teams using social and mobile media. We describe the concept, process and outcomes of this collaboration including challenges of designing and developing mobile learning applications in virtual teams.
This paper reports on the current challenges the professional sector faces when going mobile. The report discusses the role of mobile devices in the workforce and addresses challenges like compatibility, security and training. It also provides a comprehensive review of the mobile landscape, and reviews current best practices in mobile learning.
Standing at the Crossroads: Mobile Learning and Cloud Computing at Estonian S...eLearning Papers
This paper studies the impact of mobile learning implementation efforts in Estonian school system – a process that has created a lot of controversy during the recent years. Best practices in mobile learning are available from the entire world, forcing schools to keep up the push towards better connectivity and gadgetry. Even in the best cases where the schools are provided with the necessary tools, the process has met a lot of scepticism from teachers who are afraid to implement new methods. Teachers are often cornered with the ‘comply or leave’ attitude from educational authorities, resulting in a multi-sided battle between involved parties.
We have surveyed students, teachers, parents and management at five Estonian front-runner schools to sort out the situation. The results show different attitudes among students, school leaders and staff – while all of them mostly possess necessary tools and skills, teachers almost completely lack motivation to promote mobile learning. We propose some positive and negative scenarios – for example, we predict major problems if teacher training will not change, e-safety policies are inadequately developed or authorities will continue the tendency to put all the eggs into one basket (e.g. by relying solely on closed, corporate solutions for mobile learning platforms).
M-portfolios: Using Mobile Technology to Document Learning in Student Teacher...eLearning Papers
We briefly analyse the enhancement of eportfolio processes defined by Zubizarreta (2009) with the introduction of mobile technology. We give some examples of appropriation of mobile device usage in eportfolio processes carried out by student teachers. These examples become the evidence of the enhancement possibilities of one of the portfolio processes defined by Zubizarreta (2009), that of documentation.
GGULIVRR: Touching Mobile and Contextual LearningeLearning Papers
The quest of today’s learning communities is to creatively uptake and embed the emerging technologies to maintain the pace of change, of learning content and platforms, while satisfying learners’ needs and coping with limited resources. As information is delivered abundantly and change is constant, education focuses on driving 21st century fluency.
Project GGULIVRR, Generic Game for Ubiquitous Learning in Interactive Virtual and Real Realities, initiates the study of ubiquitous learning, investigating mobile and contextual learning, challenging small devices with sophisticated computing and networking capacities, testing the pervasive internet and exploring intelligent tags.
The goal of project GGULIVRR is to present learning communities a framework enabling learners to practice and enhance 21st century skills while generating and playing mobile contextual games.
Project GGULIVRR entices learners to get in touch. To play the contextual game one needs to physically go to a ‘touchable’ location, where real objects are tagged with an intelligent tag. By touching a tag one gets in touch with the contextual content. Through playing and developing GGULIVRR games one meets other gamers and developers as the project format induces interdisciplinarity, inter-social and intercultural communication and collaboration empowering local people to unlock contextual content with a minimal technical threshold.
Reaching Out with OER: The New Role of Public-Facing Open ScholareLearning Papers
Open educational resources (OER) and, more recently, open educational practices (OEP) have been widely promoted as a means of increasing openness in higher education (HE). Thus far, such openness has been limited by OER provision typically being supplier-driven and contained within the boundaries of HE. Seeking to explore ways in which OEP might become more needs-led we conceptualised a new ‘public-facing open scholar’ role involving academics working with online communities to source and develop OER to meet their needs.
To explore the scope for this role we focused on the voluntary sector, which we felt might particularly benefit from such collaboration. We evaluated four representative communities for evidence of their being self-educating (thereby offering the potential for academics to contribute) and for any existing learning dimension. We found that all four communities were self-educating and each included learning infrastructure elements, for example provision for web chats with ‘experts’, together with evidence of receptiveness to academic collaboration. This indicated that there was scope for the role of public-facing open scholar. We therefore developed detailed guidelines for performing the role, which has the potential to be applied beyond the voluntary sector and to greatly extend the beneficial impact of existing OER, prompting institutions to release new OER in response to the needs of people outside HE.
Managing Training Concepts in Multicultural Business EnvironmentseLearning Papers
Companies that need training and development services increasingly often operate in a context that consists of more than just one country, language and culture. While business operations are becoming international, companies expect their service providers being capable of catering them where needed. Succeeding in a very complex multinational customer-tailored training project takes more than a good concept. The concept must be flexible so that when language and cultural changes vary from country to country they do not endanger the content to be delivered. There can be several localised versions of the training concept under simultaneous delivery. Challenge is how to manage the concept.
Reflective Learning at Work – MIRROR Model, Apps and Serious GameseLearning Papers
This report discusses the initial results of a 4-year FP7 research project that developed a theoretical model and worked on the creation and evaluation of a range of ‘Mirror’ apps based on our Mirror reflection model. The findings divulge how the apps and serious games can facilitate reflectionº at work, by empowering employees to learn by reflection on their work practice and on their personal learning experiences.
SKILL2E: Online Reflection for Intercultural Competence GaineLearning Papers
The project SKILL2E aims to equip students on international work placements with intercultural competences. The model proposes a double loop learning cycle in which a shared online diary using guided questions is used for reflection. Preliminary results illustrate how this collaborative approach is conducive to the development of intercultural competences.
Experience Networking in the TVET System to Improve Occupational CompetencieseLearning Papers
This paper aims at considering the development and strengthening of networks in (T)VET systems as a means of improving employability and mobility of workers, through a system where occupational competences, required by the Labour Market, described in terms of Learning Outcomes that can be assessed and validated in all different contexts (formal, non formal and informal) developed following quality standards, will be abreast with changes and innovations of the global context requirements, in order to respond to those shortcomings that limit the potential growth of countries with serious implications for the participation in global markets, job growth, economical and social stability.
Leveraging Trust to Support Online Learning Creativity – A Case StudyeLearning Papers
The insights shared through this article build on data collected in real life situations. The work described here attempts to understand how trust can be used as leverage to support online learning and creative collaboration. This report explores this understanding from the teacher perspective. It examines trust commitments in an international setting within which learners from different European countries collaborate and articulate their learning tasks and skills at a distance. This research endeavour aims to recognize both individual and group vulnerabilities as opportunities to strengthen their cooperation and collaboration. We believe that by understanding how to assess and monitor learners’ trust, teachers could use this information to intervene and provide positive support, thereby promoting and reinforcing learners’ autonomy and their motivation to creatively engage in their learning activities.
The results gathered so far enabled an initial understanding of what to look for when monitoring trust with the intention of understanding and influencing learners’ behaviours. They point to three main aspects to monitor on students: (1) their perception of each others’ intentions, in a given context, (2) their level of cooperation as expressed by changes in individual and group commitments towards a particular activity; and, (3) their attitudes towards the use of communication mediums for learning purposes (intentions of use, actual use and reactions to actual use).
Innovating Teaching and Learning Practices: Key Elements for Developing Crea...eLearning Papers
This paper looks at how to innovate teaching and learning practices at system level. It describes the vision for ‘Creative Classrooms’ and makes a consolidated proposal for their implementation, clarifying their holistic and systemic nature, their intended learning outcomes, and their pedagogical, technological, and organisational dimensions for innovation. ‘Creative Classrooms’ (CCR) are conceptualized as innovative learning environments that fully embed the potential of ICT to innovate learning and teaching practices in formal, non-formal and informal settings.
The proposed multi-dimensional concept for CCR consists of eight encompassing and interconnected key dimensions and a set of 28 reference parameters (‘building blocks’). At the heart of the CCR concept lie innovative pedagogical practices that emerge when teachers use ICT in their efforts to organize newer and improved forms of open-ended, collaborative, and meaningful learning activities, rather than simply to enhance traditional pedagogies, such as expository lessons and task-based learning.
A preliminary analysis of two existing cases of ICT-enabled innovation for learning is presented in order to show (i) how the proposed key dimensions and reference parameters are implemented in real-life settings to configure profoundly diverse types of CCR and (ii) to depict the systemic approach needed for the sustainable implementation and progressive up-scaling of Creative Classrooms across Europe.
Website – A Partnership between Parents, Students and SchoolseLearning Papers
The website developed by the 1.b class at the Augusta Šenoa elementary school is, first and foremost, a pioneering work stemming from cooperation among teachers and parents. The purpose of the website is to inform, activate, and involve parents, students and teachers who work in the classroom. Each activity is documented, giving insight into the everyday activities, and making the classroom visible and transparent to everyone. The project uses new technology (forum, gallery of student work, class mail), and enlists a partnership of parents, who made parts of the website.
Academic Staff Development in the Area of Technology Enhanced Learning in UK ...eLearning Papers
This paper reports on a study on staff development in the area of technology enhanced learning in UK Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) that took place in November, 2011. Data for this study were gathered via an online survey emailed to the Heads of e-Learning Forum (HeLF) which is a network comprised of one senior staff member per UK institution, leading the enhancement of learning and teaching through the use of technology. Prior to the survey, desk-based research on some universities’ publicly available websites gathered similar information about staff development in the area of technology enhanced learning. The online survey received 27 responses, approaching a quarter of all UK HEIs subscribed to the Heads of e-Learning forum list (118 is the total number). Both pre-1992 (16 in number) and post-1992 Universities (11 in number) were represented in the survey and findings indicate the way this sample of UK HEIs are approaching staff development in the area of TEL.
The Ageing Brain: Neuroplasticity and Lifelong LearningeLearning Papers
The role of adult education is becoming increasingly important in the framework of policies to promote lifelong learning. Adult participation in training activities, however, is still rather low, despite the incentives and initiatives aimed at allowing all citizens access
to education and training at all ages in their lives.
Participation tends to decrease concomitantly with increasing age: the major difficulty that elderly people have in learning is due to a deterioration of brain function, causing a progressive weakening of concentration, memory and mental flexibility. Today, advanced
researches in neuroscience show that brain ageing may be reversible: the brain
is plastic in all stages of life, and its maps can restructure themselves through learning experiences.
Checklist for a Didactically Sound Design of eLearning ContenteLearning Papers
The design of elearning content requires several areas of educational psychology to be
integrated. In order to enhance the design process, checklists can be used as a means of formative evaluation. We present a checklist for the design and formative evaluation of elearning modules.
It covers the content, segmenting, sequencing and navigation, adaptation to target audience,
design of text and graphics, learning tasks and feedback, and motivation. In the context of a project on designing elearning modules on renewable energies, this
checklist was successfully used for providing formative feedback to the developers.
The International Student and the Challenges of Lifelong LearningeLearning Papers
Although few people would oppose the view that lifelong learning is intended to be a positive experience, it should be borne in mind that an ageing student body might require the development of additional tools and skills for the online educator.
In this short paper we present two cases of challenges faced by international learners who brought with them into the learning environment some issues that were the product, not only of the age of the learner in question, but also of the geographical environment
in which they studied. The names of the learners have been changed.
Fostering Older People’s Digital Inclusion to Promote Active AgeingeLearning Papers
Within the framework of the European Year for Active Ageing and Solidarity between Generations, ECDL Foundation will partner with AGE Platform Europe to promote older people’s digital inclusion.
This collaboration involves the launch of an updated ICT training programme adapted to older people’s needs: a revised version of the ECDL Foundation’s accessible ICT training programme, EqualSkills.
eLearning and Social Networking in Mentoring Processes to Support Active AgeingeLearning Papers
Mentoring is a human resources development process often used to induct, introduce and guide staff into places of employment.
Training people on the job or using elderly people as mentors can be organised to address aspects like skill shortage in organisations, recruiting and retaining personal with the necessary knowledge and active involvement of older people. In this paper we present some aspects of mentoring, particularly the ICT support of such process and
give examples.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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Observing the e-Learning phenomenon: The case of school education. Analysing the transformative innovation of e-Learning
1. Observing the e-Learning phenomenon: The case of school
education. Analysing the transformative innovation of e-
Learning
Dr Nikitas Kastis, President, MENON Network
Summary
Over the past 25 years, the school sector has been the promising area for public policies and
funding activities, as well as for commercial interests, to increase the availability of ICT in
education. From the years when the questions basically addressed the needs of piloting
innovations in the learning process, the international discourse about the impact of ICT on
the outcomes of school education has gradually taken on a more mature and purposeful
approach whereby the necessary changes that characterise interrelations with decision-
making in education as well as with out-of-school developments are currently being taken
into account. These interrelations have been greatly affected by the ICT penetration of
society at large, implying a holistic approach to the evolution in learning at school level as
regards the education outcome and its long-term impact on growth and social inclusion.
A lot of public spending took place, in the form of subsidies for the development of end-
products or funding of pilot products (mainly off-line) at both the national and the European
level. Nevertheless, although there are not any well-documented surveys regarding the
returns in terms of quality and effectiveness of learning, it seems that these targeted content
applications have been put to use only marginally in school curricula. In the meantime, the
changes in digital content (business) models, brought about by the continuous enhancement
of Internet-based services, which are revolutionising the content services markets, are further
undermining the traditional paradigm of knowledge building at school (from a straightforward
“push” to a blended “push-pull-push” model). This means that the availability of hardware
(infrastructure) and the (sometimes) abundance of textbook-like digital content (the fallacy of
“new” textbooks in the electronic era) do not appear to be sufficient to cater for advanced,
enriched and innovative learning experiences, thus marginalising any returns on investments.
We have hereby considered three strategic evolution dimensions: that related to the decision-
making processes (running of schools), that related to the accessibility level in relation to the
achievement of a standard quality and, finally, the emerging inter-winning fields of
professional teacher development and the value chain of content (knowledge) as it cuts
across the traditional fragmentation between the “creator” and the “consumer” of
“knowledge”.
Keywords: Schools, innovation
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2. 1. School Education: the territory and social priorities
The term School Education refers to any form of learning that takes place at the age between
4-6 years and 17-19 years old. According to the dominant paradigm in the last century (20th),
in all developed societies, any type of learning offer, covering subjects and programs,
curricula and textbooks, or learning setting, basically school-based, including those from age
to subject-structured school classes and project teams - or even those taking the form of
home-based learning (‘home schooling’) -, all these are to much extent prescribed, regulated
and more often directed by the country/region education authorities, in the form of national or
sometimes local curricula as well as through the established practice of teaching
(“patrimony”) in the relevant school system.
There has already been a lot of research on the introduction, use and the potential impact of
the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on learning which takes place or is
related to schooling, from the Primary to the last grades of the Secondary Education (Upper
Secondary). During the last 20-25 years, starting from the early ‘80s, computers and later on
networking and communication technologies have continuously - and in waves - been
installed in schools, following their widespread adoption and penetration in almost all other
social contexts. These installed ICT resources are being characterized by widely varying
usage rates and even more varying returns, in terms of both the quality of the learning
process as well as the learning achievements and the education attainment.
Evidently, in these 25 years, the school sector has been the promising area for public policies
and funding activities as well as for those commercial interests aiming at increasing the
availability - and hopefully use - of ICT in education at large. Moving from those early years
on, when the research questions were basically addressing the needs of piloting and
validation of innovations in the micro-setting, the learning process, as it happened with the
CAL (Computer Aided Learning) and other similar initiatives, at present the international
discourse about the rationale of the introduction, use and, eventually, the impact of ICT on
the outcomes of school education, has gradually reached a more mature and purposeful
approach. Whereby, the necessary changes which characterize the interrelations with the
operational aspects and decision-making in education as well as with the outside-school
developments, in the content services and entertainment (the “home market”), are currently
being taken into account more systematically.
These interrelations, between the micro-level, the learning process – sometimes described by
the term “school practice” - and the macro-level, when referring to policies and action
planning for the running of the school system (education policy), have been greatly affected
by the ICT penetration in the society at large. Thus, implying or better asking for a holistic
approach to the analysis and understanding of the evolutions in learning at school level, the
changes in terms of the education “outcome” and their long-term impact on growth and social
inclusion (the social and individual values, the new ‘balance’ between the public and private
sphere, the social mobility etc.).
2. Emerging Trends and Developments
The types of institutions defined by or using the term School does not vary a lot, at least in
the European Union area. The term is used when referring to the pre-tertiary education
establishments, which are either Primary (and nursery) schools or Secondary schools (Lower
Secondary, ages 13-15 yrs and Upper Secondary, ages 16-18/19 years). All of them are in
most cases run by the state or by other forms of socially accountable entities, like the
municipalities or local educational authorities. The private sector has a rather marginal
existence in some EU countries, mainly for purpose or target specific schools (like faith
schools, etc.). Greece corresponds to an exception, as the system although dominated by the
public school sector allows for the existence of tightly regulated private (in fact profit making!)
entities offering school education (i.e. they own and run schools).
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3. The applications of e-learning in School Education can take several forms, ranging from the
activities enabled through ICT, conducted into the classroom, to those at a distance (e.g. e-
homework). Or, even more, from those activities addressing the teachers to the others
engaging the pupils and, from national programmes to grassroots initiatives, involving only
one school class and, finally, to virtual mobility programmes of school teachers and pupils.
The advancements of ICT have usually been transferred to basically only technical
enhancements in ICT-for-learning (e-learning) infrastructures in schools, thus constituting the
driving concern of waves of public spending, in order to support widely accepted policies that
were to sustain the availability of computers and, later on, of networking in the European
schools and the school classrooms. The so-called infrastructure availability and access has
always been the major – in fact in most of the times the only - concern of all governments and
the EU itself, in the context of the Lisbon Process (and the Education and Training 2010
Objectives). As regards particularly this policy priority, some countries, like the ones of
Southern Europe, had to go a long way in order to bring their gap towards the Nordic
countries and the UK into a reasonable range (see references about the latest figures, for the
year 2002-3).
Nevertheless, relevant progress in this area, as measured nowadays with the “famous”
pupils-per-networked-computer ratio, seems not to be enough, in order to facilitate the
foreseen changes in schools (upgrade of the quality of the learning process and the
outcome). To this ‘under-performance’ we should also add the still problematic objective of
sustaining a quantity and quality threshold of access to ICT resources, which turns to be a
rather expensive exercise for the public authorities – for the maintenance cost as well as the
hw and sw upgrades.
Apart from the main objective (“pillar”) of the infrastructure availability – which is actually only
partly defining the accessibility level (the access to learning resources) -, most of the self-
respected education policies in EU member states addressing the school sector in the last 15
years, have dealt with the “digital learning content availability”, usually subsidising the cost
(‘paying for’) the development and piloting of so-called “educational” software. It used to be
and still is, at least for some of them, another demanding and controversial area of
intervention and expanding policy making.
There has been a lot of public spending in the form of either subsidies to the development
cost of end-products (in the eligibility margins of the competition regulatory framework) or in
the form of funding of pilot products (mainly off-line), under research and development
support frameworks, at both the national and the European level. The driving objective being
always the facilitation of a rich and expanding “pool” of quality digital learning materials, in
order to provide the school communities with more demanding than “drill and practice”
software with really engaging multimedia titles, using cultural and scientific content of high
value from across Europe! Nevertheless, although there are not any well-documented
surveys as of the returns, in terms of quality and effectiveness of learning, it seems that these
targeted content applications have only found a rather marginal use in the school curricula.
In the meantime, the changes in the digital content development and publishing (business)
models, brought about by the continuous enhancement of the Internet-based services, which
takes place in the last 10 years and is still revolutionizing the content services markets, are
further undermining the traditional paradigm of knowledge building in the school (from a
straight “push” to a blended “push-pull-push” model). Meaning that, the whichever availability
of hardware (infrastructure) and the (sometimes) abundance of textbook-like digital content
(the fallacy of the “new” text-books in the “electronic era”) do not seem enough to cater for
advanced, enriched and innovative learning experiences, thus marginalizing the returns of
the relevant investments.
A common mantra as regards the rational approach to policy-making and design for the
introduction of ICT-driven innovations in the school system used to go about focusing on all
the three lines (areas) of potential action, namely infrastructure (“equipment”), learning
materials (“content”) and teachers preparation (training, the “human factor”). And, going even
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4. further, including recommendations as regards the split of the available resources, with the
“golden rule” of allocating a third to each action line! This is leading us to the most
problematic policy area as regards the ICT-for-learning in School Education, which is related
to the “human factor”, the school teachers.
Although teachers have historically been considered the critical factor for the success of any
type of innovation in education, it seems that both the scale and the potential effect of the
ICT-driven changes in school education go beyond the capacity of the education system.
Which has to sustain an ever increasing level of quantity and quality of the “teacher” factor
(the “teaching capacity”), considered enough to address the continuous increase of the
demand for learning in our societies. The school education systems, with different reasons to
look for in the developed and the developing parts of the world, are facing an intensifying
problem of relative decrease of teachers professional development capacity, which
constitutes a challenge of the 21st century societies, when considering the impact on the
provision of school education and the effects on the social inclusion policies as well as on the
productivity and the economic growth.
In most of the widely acknowledged papers and research work, the impact of ICT on the
learning processes implies significant changes of the role (job) of the teacher, asking for
increased capacity for strategic thinking, motivation and leadership and collaborative-
communication potential, in order to provide mentoring in new forms of learning experiences
for her/his students. In this evolutionary context, how could we define “good practice”, in
order to serve a bottom-up approach to the consolidation of new school learning paradigms
and, at the same time, to constitute an effective approach to holistic policy-making, in order to
reach the right balance with top-down planning, meeting the challenges of “access to
learning” (see “infrastructure-equipment”), “creation and sharing of knowledge” (see “learning
materials”) and “building of competences in learning communities” (see teachers training and
professional development)?
In the following, we come to foster the critical components of successful (effective) policy
making and flourishing practice, through the reference to certain cases of innovative and
sometimes successful policies and projects, from across Europe. We tried to point to
government initiatives or even school-driven projects, which have either been completed
successfully or they provide evidence of a long-term impact on future evolutions in the school
system (e.g. the change of the role of the teacher, the consolidation of new service delivery
schemes to schools, etc.)
3. Observing the Change: Is Innovation taking place?
We have considered three critical, strategic dimensions which should be brought to the
attention of both education analysts (researchers) and policy makers. We start with what has
to do with the decision-making processes and the running of schools, then we proceed with
the dimension of the accessibility level in relation to the attainment of a standard quality (as
regards “access”) and, finally, the dimension that defines the emerging inter-winning fields of
teacher professional development and the value chain of content (“knowledge”), as it cuts
across the traditional fragmentation between the “creator” and the “consumer” of the
“knowledge”.
The competitive advantage of the autonomy at school or local level
From the extended review of the ICT-for-learning policies and activities in the EU, it seems
that those countries that are running a rather decentralized school system, whereby
autonomy in decision-making concerning the curriculum, school program, equipping, etc., is
high, as it is in the case of the Nordic countries, the UK and the Netherlands, show a
comparative progress. This progress has to do with an increased and more demanding use
of ICT in the learning process. In the HELIOS Comparative Analysis Report (an Observatory
Action run by the MENON Network, www.menon.org), these countries usually correspond to
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5. the “champions” of e-Learning and, as in most of the cases, they provide a policy-making
practice that goes with a systematic evaluation work, accompanying any type of action and
introduction of innovation. What is also very interesting, in these school systems, as
documented by the PISA results, only a small part of the variation of the testing performance
among the students can be attributed to the difference between the schools!
How to go with investing in infrastructure and services to schools
It has already been mentioned that the success of those policies that aim at providing the
necessary computing and communication infrastructure to schools is very much dependent
on the extent to which they are integrated in a much broader and more holistic approach to
education objectives, an approach which actually copes with the principle of accessibility or,
in other words, the sustainability of a minimum “access level” to the ICT resources. This
sustainability comes as the result of (a) the availability of funding to ensure a certain
maintenance level for both hw and sw and (b) of the capacity of spatial and time-wise
arrangements as well as the competence of the school staff to ensure significant use of ICT
resources by the students.
Joint actions for online learning materials and teacher professional development
Many studies and surveys – and the widely accepted understanding of education analysts –
suggest that the most critical evolution of the school system has to do with the changes
related to the role/job of the teacher. Everybody is convinced that we need to cater for a more
demanding job, which will ask for high-end competences related to knowledge and skills
acquisition and cognitive procedures as well as to the communication and project
management. This also implies a strong linkage to the emerging knowledge building
schemes, whereby information – i.e. content - with potential and varying learning value
(sometimes named “learning materials”) is being developed, shared, used and re-purposed
dynamically, especially through communities of common interests – see the parallel of
project/subject or age-defined classrooms in the schools. It is promising for their education
systems to mention that in both France and Germany, with still rather centralised and
authoritative school systems, interesting polcy cases have been identified. The cases point to
the inter-winning of teacher professional development and the learning content and
knowledge building in schools.
4. Sources of reference
• eEurope 2005: An information society for all, COM (2002)
http://europa.eu.int/information_society/eeurope/news_library/documents/eeurope2005/e
europe2005_en.doc
• OECD planning paper 2002-4
• Oversold and Underused: Computers in the Classroom, Larry Cuban, Harvard University
Press, 2001: http://www.hup.harvard.edu/pdf/CUBOVE.pdf
• Peter Kearns “Towards the Connected Learning Society”, Global Learning Services, Draft
Version. Australia 2002.
• Policies concerning ICT in education, Towards the third phase of policy making in ICT
league countries, NL-Nordic alliance paper, February 2002
• THINK and NOW studies: http://eminent.eun.org/workshop1.cfm;
http://eminent.eun.org/THINK_FULL_DRAFT_2pp.doc
• Wired to learn: What’s holding up the school of the future, Tom McMullen, Adam Smith
Institute, 2002 http://www.adamsmith.org.uk/policy/publications/pdf-files/ict-7-jan-02-
doc.pdf
• The REFERNet Country Reports (HELIOS Observatory) – 2005
• Commission Staff Working Paper – Progress towards the Lisbon Objectives in Education
and Training, 2005 Report.
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6. • Equipped, trained … and now what? Trends and issues in e-learning in European school
systems & INSIGHT Country Reports – EUN INSIGHT team paper, Febr. 2006.
• Education in Europe: Key Statistics 2002-2003, Eurostat.
• Education in Europe – Eurydice 2005.
• ICT in Education around the world: trends, problems and prospects – W.J. Pelgrum and
N. Law, UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning, Paris 2003.
• Commission Staff Working Paper: New Indicators on Education and Training – Brussels
2004.
• Investment in Education: the implications for economic growth and public finances –
European Economy/ Economic Paper by A. Montanino, B. Przywara and D. Young,
European Commission, DG Economic and Financial Affairs.
• Teachers matter: attracting, developing and retaining effective teachers, OECD
publication, Education and Training Policy, 2005.
• The Teaching Profession in Europe: profile, trends and concerns, Eurydice 2003.
• Some Simple Analytics of School Quality, E.A. Hanushek, NBER Working Paper Series,
2004.
• Visions 2020: Transforming Education and Training through Advanced Technologies – US
Department of Commerce, 2002.
• Upon What Does the Turtle Stand? Rethinking Education for the Digital Age, Ed. Aharon
Aviram & Janice Richardson, Springer, December 2004.
• Are Students Ready for a Technology-Rich World? What PISA Studies Tell US, OECD
Report, 2005.
• Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2006, OECD Report, 2006.
• The Economics of Knowledge: Why Education is Key for Europe’ s success, Andreas
Schleicher, the Lisbon Council Policy Brief, July 2006.
eLearning Papers • www.elearningpapers.eu • 6
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7. Author
Nikitas Kastis
President, MENON Network
nikitas.kastis@menon.org
Citation instruction
Kastis, Nikitas (2007). Observing the e-Learning phenomenon: The case of school education.
Analysing the transformative innovation of e-Learning. eLearning Papers, no. 4. ISSN 1887-
1542.
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