1) Nicosia is the divided capital city of Northern Cyprus, with the northern and southern parts separated by a UN buffer zone. 2) The document provides a history of Nicosia from its founding by the Ptolemaic dynasty in ancient Egypt through periods of Roman, Byzantine, Frankish, Venetian, and Ottoman rule. 3) Key landmarks of Nicosia mentioned include its defensive walls and gates, as well as churches, mosques, and other structures converted between Christian and Islamic places of worship over time.

1. Tourism and Hospitality Management School
Competitive Strategy for The Hospitality
THM607
Ass. Prof. Dr.Ismet Esenyel
2016/2017

2. NICOSIA

3. Nicosia, or Lefkoşa (called so by local
Turkish Cypriot population), is the capital
of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
Lefkoşa is currently the only divided
capital city in the world, with the
northern (Turkish) and southern (Greek)
parts divided by the "green line", a
demilitarized zone maintained by the
United Nations.

4. the city was also called Lefkotheon. Until the
Middle Ages the city was mostly called by its
Greek name: Lefkosia, which probably came from
Lefkos, son of Ptolemy I of Egypt, who rebuilt the
city in 280 B.C.
When Cyprus came under Latin rule it was renamed Nicosia
NICOSIA

5. Strategic location of the island between East and West resulted in repeated invasions
of foreign nations and civilizations that have brought changes to the life and culture
of the island's inhabitants.

6. In Cyprus history the island was colonised by Phoenicians, Assyrians, Egyptians, Persians,
and Greeks in different periods.

7. During the 9th and 10th century Nicosia was
the administrative centre of the island and was
also referred to as the capital of Cyprus.
Therefore it acquired a castle and became the
seat of the Byzantine governor of the island.
Cyprus proved to be extremely useful to
Byzantine governors in order to defend the
neighbouring districts of the Empire.

8. Richard the Lionheart became ruler of the island and
shortly after he sold it to the Templars for 100.000 gold
byzantium's.
Guy de Lusignan, King of Jerusalem who belonged to a
noble family from Poitou in France, bought Cyprus from
the Templars and brought many noble men and other
adventurers, from France, Jerusalem, Tripoli, the
Principality of Antioch and Kingdom of Armenia, to the
island. Guy shared the land among them and Nicosia
was proclaimed the capital of the Kingdom of the
Lusignans.

9. under Lusignans' rule Nicosia was developed architecturally:
a lot of palaces, mansions, churches and monasteries were
built.
The Latin Church organized itself and in order to impose its
authority more forcefully on the island's inhabitants built the
marvelous Gothic monuments we see even today. Nicosia
became the seat of Latin Church in Cyprus.

10. the Venetians ruled the island from 1489
to 1571. Nicosia was their administrative
centre and the seat of the Venetian
governor.
Cyprus became the most important port
of call for the Venetians galleys and the
centre of their commercial transactions
in the East.
The Venetians kept Nicosia as a capital
because of its abundance of water and
mild climate and mostly due to its
strategic location at the centre of the
island .

11. 1571 - 1878 -Ottoman Empire.
The Turks took possession of everything that belonged to the
Latins including their places of worship – the main Latin
churches were converted into mosques.

12. Nicosia wall
Giulio Savorgnano, He stayed on the
island for about nine months and
designed new fortifications for the city
according to con-temporary defense
methods.

13. The eleven bastions were named after the eleven families from Nicosia's Italian
aristocracy who had contributed financially to their construction.

19. The walls had only three gates; to the North:
Kyrenia Gate; to the west: Paphos Gate; and to
the east: Famagusta Gate which was the largest .
KYRENIA GATE ( Girne Kapisi)

20. SELIMIYE MOSQUE ( St Sophia Cathedral )
It was formerly the cathedral of St. Sophia
In style of architecture, St. Sophia resembles the famous
mediaeval cathedrals of France.
The cathedral was converted into a mosque in 1570

21. The building was constructed in the 12th century as a Byzantine church (The St.
Nicholas Church). It was later enlarged by some Gothic annexes built by the
Lusignans. After some more changes in the Venetian period, the building was given
to the Greek Orthodox Metropolis. The building with its different architectural styles
is of a hybrid nature.
BEDESTEN ( The St. Nicholas Church )

24. This is a sixteenth century inn, the name meaning, BIG INN. This is inn was
built about 1570 A.D. by Muzaffer Pasha
GREAT INN ( Büyük Han )

25. The granite column in the Ataturk square was
erected by the Venetians in 1550. It used to
bear the St. Mark lion.
VENETIAN COLUMN ( Venedik Sütunu )

26. The most notable of the
mosques built by the Turks in
Nicosia is the Arap Ahmet
Mosque. The mosque, like
many others, was constructed
on the site of an old Latin
church.
the grave of Kamil Pasha, born
in 1832 in Nicosia, who rose to
the rank of Grand Vizier in the
Ottoman Empire 4 times.
ARAP AHMET MOSQUE
(Arap Ahmet Camii)

27. The St. Catherine church was built in
the fourteenth century and
converted into a mosque after the
Ottomans gained control of the
island.
Historian Sir Harry Luke describes it
as the most elegant and perfect
Gothic building in Cyprus.
HAYDARPASA MOSQUE ( St. Catherine Cathedral )

28. THE LOGO

29. The Spiritual Heart of North Cyprus

30. BEDESTEN ( The St. Nicholas Church )

32. Nicosia wall

33. The Cannons

34. The Cannons

35. Crescent moon
Ottoman Empire

36. Nazar (Blue Beads)
The "Evil Eye" is a common belief
among the people of the
Mediterranean. It is widely believed
that if one person gives another a
hateful look, he or she may become ill
or die from its negative effects. The
strength behind the evil look is the
"evil eye". This belief streches back to
the pre-Christian era.

37. The Spiritual Heart of North Cyprus
 It has a rich natural heritage and
resources.
 It also has a quite important
architectural heritage with many old
churches and medieval
 the capital and the largest city of
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

38. The Spiritual Heart of North Cyprus

39. The Spiritual Heart of North Cyprus

41. THE END