This document summarizes information from a presentation on healthy eating and food prices in South Africa. It discusses the country's Food Based Dietary Guidelines, which were developed based on national nutrition surveys. It also examines the impact of rising food prices on recommended balanced diets and food coping strategies used by households. Data shows that between 2006-2008, the cost of a recommended daily diet increased by over 50% due to food inflation. Portion sizes of staple foods have decreased, reducing nutrient intakes. The document concludes that food insecurity is a growing problem in South Africa and priorities include ensuring affordable staple foods and possible use of food stamps.
Pasture solutions that are good for cows, business and the environment Cloverhill
One of the great privileges of working in dairy consultancy is being able to observe and collect innovations and exciting ideas from successful farmers in one location, and then mould, adapt and apply these to a wider variety of situations with other farmers that are also willing to innovate and try new things.
Our recent field day at Lemongrove was a great example of just this concept. For many years I have been working together with clients and their farms on developing pastures that break away from the norm and start at cover some of the gaps in their pasture production and risk management systems.
The field day wasn’t just a great chance to showcase some of these great pastures and how we go about getting them. It was also a great opportunity to explore how farmers ideas and observations can be captured and developed into farming systems, and how individuals that think “outside the square” and challenge conventional wisdom can shift “out of the box” concepts and techniques into the mainstream with benefits for many.
Pasture solutions that are good for cows, business and the environment Cloverhill
One of the great privileges of working in dairy consultancy is being able to observe and collect innovations and exciting ideas from successful farmers in one location, and then mould, adapt and apply these to a wider variety of situations with other farmers that are also willing to innovate and try new things.
Our recent field day at Lemongrove was a great example of just this concept. For many years I have been working together with clients and their farms on developing pastures that break away from the norm and start at cover some of the gaps in their pasture production and risk management systems.
The field day wasn’t just a great chance to showcase some of these great pastures and how we go about getting them. It was also a great opportunity to explore how farmers ideas and observations can be captured and developed into farming systems, and how individuals that think “outside the square” and challenge conventional wisdom can shift “out of the box” concepts and techniques into the mainstream with benefits for many.
Saudi arabia's food security policy and nutritionExternalEvents
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Expert consultation on trade and nutrition
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http://www.fao.org/economic/est/est-events-new/tradenutrition/en/
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On December 8 and 9, a Dairy Expert Roundtable Meeting on “Competitive Dairy Value Chains in Southeast Asia” was held in Muak Lek, Thailand. In this regional meeting, participants from six countries in Southeast Asia discussed how the relatively small dairy value chains could be more competitive and sustainable.
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More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-missouri-pork-expo
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Proceedings available at: http://www.extension.org/67610
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It is GDE showcasing presentation where educators and learners were encouraged to participate in promoting the use of ICT to enhance teaching and learning.
Saudi arabia's food security policy and nutritionExternalEvents
Panos Konandreas, Trade Policy Plus
Expert consultation on trade and nutrition
15-16 November 2016, FAO Headquarters, Rome
http://www.fao.org/economic/est/est-events-new/tradenutrition/en/
Feeding Strategies with Current Milk PricesMike Hutjens
"Feeding Strategies with Current Milk Prices" will address the do's and don't when profit margins are squeezed focusing on feeding programs. Using feed economic benchmarks, impact of reducing nutrients intake short term and long term, positioning by-product feeds, role of forage quality, which additives to review and use, and monitoring cow performance will be addressed.
On December 8 and 9, a Dairy Expert Roundtable Meeting on “Competitive Dairy Value Chains in Southeast Asia” was held in Muak Lek, Thailand. In this regional meeting, participants from six countries in Southeast Asia discussed how the relatively small dairy value chains could be more competitive and sustainable.
Dr. Daniel Andersen - Getting the Most from Your ManureJohn Blue
Getting the Most from Your Manure - Dr. Daniel Andersen, Iowa State University, from the 2016 Missouri Pork Expo, February 9-10, 2016, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-missouri-pork-expo
Devon’s Food Economy - Matt Lobley. Presented at the celebration of the work by farmers and food producers doing great things for Devon’s natural environment on October 6th, held at West Town Farm, Ide, Exeter.
Valuing Feedstocks for Anaerobic Digestion – Balancing Energy Potential and N...LPE Learning Center
Proceedings available at: http://www.extension.org/67610
To improve the energy production and revenue generation, many farm digester operators are including off-farm feedstocks in the blend. Off-farm feedstocks are raw materials with high carbon concentrations that can be degraded anaerobically. Common off-farm feedstocks include food service or retail waste, food processing byproducts, residuals from biofuels production and FOG (fat, oil & grease) resulting from food preparation. Typically, off-farm feedstocks have a higher energy potential when compared to manure. Manures generally have biogas potential in the range of 280 to 500 L of biogas/kg of VS, compared to off-farm feedstocks which can range from 300 to 1,300 L of biogas/kg of VS [1]. In addition to the increased biogas production, revenue can also be generated from tipping fees collected for feedstock brought onto a farm. The tipping fee is typically comparable to the cost of disposing of the material at a landfill or wastewater treatment plant.
It is GDE showcasing presentation where educators and learners were encouraged to participate in promoting the use of ICT to enhance teaching and learning.
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People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
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Nicollettes Presentation
1. Healthy Eating at a Time of High
Food Prices
SANCU - 30 July 2008
Hettie Schönfeldt, Nicolette Gibson & Hester
Vermeulen
School of Agricultural and Food Sciences
1
2. Food Based Dietary Guidelines
●Developed from 1998 through joint FAO/WHO
expert consultation
●Implementation started in 2004
●Based on National Food Consumption
Survey (NFCS) (1999)
●Corresponds with South African
Demographic and Health Survey (SADHS)
(1998)
2
3. Food Based Dietary Guidelines
●Qualitative statements that express dietary goals in
terms of foods
●Represent the best consensus of scientific
knowledge and public health advice currently
available
●Based on the relationship between diet and disease
●Can be used as educational tools for promoting the
importance of nutrition to combat the growing double
burden of malnutrition
3
4. Food Based Dietary Guidelines
The FBDG’s are the result of a wide consultative process
throughout the country, in line with the
recommendations of the World Health Organisation
(WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organisation
(FAO)
Eleven guidelines where
formulated for healthy
eating for South Africans
older than 7 years
4
5. Food Based Dietary Guidelines
The following 1st three guidelines provide
general health messages to promote a
healthy lifestyle:
● Enjoy a variety of foods
● Be active
● Drink lots of clean, safe water
5
6. Food Based Dietary Guidelines
The following food-based dietary guidelines
help us to plan good mixed meals:
● Make starchy foods the basis of most meals
● Eat plenty of vegetables and fruit every day
● Eat dry beans, split peas, lentils and soya
regularly
● Chicken, fish, meat, milk or eggs can be eaten
daily
6
7. Food Based Dietary Guidelines
The following dietary guidelines teach us
about moderation and balance for healthy
eating:
● Eat fats sparingly
● Use salt sparingly
● Use food and drinks containing sugar
sparingly and not between meals
● If you drink alcohol, drink sensibly
7
11. Staple foods of South Africa
Cooked white maize porridge, sugar, tea, whole
milk and brown bread – 5 most often consumed
(NFCS, 2000)
Cereal flours contribute between 50-75% of energy
intake of populations in sub-Saharan Africa…
and milling refinement of wheat or maize removes
about two-thirds of the vitamins and minerals
11
19. Effect of Inflation on food prices
Product 2006 R/kg* 2008 R/kg** % Increase
Brown Bread R4.29 R5.89 37%
Tomatoes R9.38 R11.99 28%
Onions R6.11 R6.99 14.4%
Apples R5.23/kg R8.99 72%
(R7.85/1.5kg)
Potatoes R2.18/kg R7.99/kg 267%
(R15.17/7kg)
Milk (2L) R10.27 R15.99 56%
Oranges R3.20/kg R6.99 118%
(R7.99/2.5kg)
*National Agricultural Marketing Council – Food price trends July 2005 – July 2006
**As purchased July 2008 19
20. The SU-LSM segments
Proportion of SA population and average monthly
income (SAARF, 2008)
Average household income (R'000)
18.0 25
16.0
% of SA population
14.0 20
12.0
15
10.0
8.0
10
6.0
4.0 5
2.0
0.0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
% of SA Adult population Average monthly income (R'000)
20
22. The impact of inflation
R 2,000 12.8% 13.0%
R 1,840
R 1,800
11.0%
Additional spending as share of income
R 1,600
Additional spending (R/hh/year)
R 1,400 9.0%
R 1,159 R 1,208
R 1,200
7.2% R 1,100 7.0%
R 1,000 R 945
R 863 5.7%
5.0% 5.0%
R 800
R 692 4.0%
R 600 3.0%
2.2%
R 400
1.0%
R 200
0.7%
R0 -1.0%
Decile 1 Decile 2 Decile 3 Decile 4 Decile 5 Average deciles 6 - Average decile 9 -
8 10
Additional spending (07/08) Additional spending / Income (07/08)
22
23. Food Coping Strategies
1. Eat less preferred food
2. Borrow food
3. Buy food on credit
4. Gather wild food
5. Consume seed stock
6. Send members to eat elsewhere
7. Send members to beg
8. Limit portion size
9. Restrict consumption in favour of children
10. Feeding working members at the expense of non-working
members
11. Ration money to buy ready to eat food
12. Skip the entire day without meals
23
24. Effect of Inflation
Cooked maize meal porridge – assume income stays the
same
Scenario Cooked Estimated Share of Energy
Portion size (g) portion costs daily contributio
(R) income (%) n (kJ)
Typical – base line 532 0.70 14.0 2420.6
29 % inflation June 06 to June 07 382 0.61 12.2 1736.8
5.4% inflation June 07 to June 08 361 0.60 11.9 1643.0
3.2% Projection June 08 to June 09 350 0.60 11.9 1590.4
“Typical” portion:
Provides only 37.8% of energy, 25.7% of protein and 20.1% of vit A needs
After 2 years:
Provides only 25.7% of energy, 17.4% of protein and 17.4% of vit A needs
24
26. View on Africa
Africa is the only continent
where the nutrition
situation has deteriorated
in recent decades
• 206 million people in Africa are iron deficient
• 86 million are affected by iodine deficiency
• 31 million are deficient in vitamin A
It emphasize slow pace of progress in intervention efforts
against micro-nutrient deficiencies in Africa (FAO and
WHO)
26
27. At a glance: South Africa is a developing country
● Population of 46 million people of which 79% are black
Africans
● Majority of South African households live in poverty with
a limited variety of foods (mainly staples) available in
the home
● 30.9 % preschool children stunted
● 56.2% of the adult population was recorded overweight
or obese (Demographic and Health Survey, 2003),
● highest prevalence of obesity in females
● Double burden of disease within same household - due
to rapid urbanization and acculturation
27
28. Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in South Africa
Children 6 - 71 months
43.5
45
38
40
33 32 33.3 W Cape
35 31.1
N Cape
30 26.8
23.5 Gauteng
25 21 E Cape
18.5
20 KZN
15 F State
10 Mpumal
N West
5
Limpopo
0 SA
pe ap
e
ng ape Z N te al st po A
a e S
C
a C ut
e
C K S
t
pum W po SAVACG Survey Report,
N a E F N m 1995
W G M Li
28
29. Prevalence of Anaemia and Iron Deficiency in South Africa
Children 6 - 71 Months
Haemoglobin < 11 g/dl Ferritin < 12ug/l
SA 9.8% 21.1%
Limpopo 11%
34.2%
N West 8.1%
24.5%
Mpumal 11.5% 27.7%
F State 6.8% 17.1%
KZN 13.4%
10.4%
E Cape 5% 20.6%
Gauteng 9.2% 16.3%
N Cape 10.9% 21.5%
W Cape 16.4%
28.6%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
SAVACG Survey Report, 1995
29
30. NATIONAL FOOD CONSUMPTION SURVEY (1999)
Micronutrient intake of children 1-9 years
Zinc
Vitamin A
Iron
B6
Riboflavin
Niacin
Thiamin
Folic Acid
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
% Consuming < 67% RDA
30
31. South African Children under-5 yrs
Mortality rate:
●Rural Areas = 7.12%
●Urban Areas = 4.32%
(SADHS, 1998)
●Stunted for age = 30.9%
●Underweight for age = 9.6%
versus
●Overweight for age = 9.3%
(NFCS, 1999)
31
32. Food inflation in South Africa - Nutrition
implications
●Future Implications:
– Already nutrition dilemma with low vit A, Fe, prot and kJ intake –
with decrease in portion sizes = continual decrease
– Fortification programs not calculated based on such low
consumption values
– Households could, due to inflation, move significantly closer to
FAO “Hunger threshold” of 1 260kJ/day
– High risk of food diversity declining even more
●Future Priorities
– Planning for adequate staple foods at affordable prices
– Possibility of Government Food stamps
32
33. Parallel activities
●Nutrition Communication Initiative by the
Consumer Goods Council of SA
Response to the publication of the new draft regulation for food
labeling and advertising by the DoH. Highlighted the need to
build greater capacity in the field of nutrition and to play an
active role in the provision of nutrition education to South
African consumers
–Agreed that Food Based Dietary Guidelines
form the basis
–Development of a Food Guide as a 1st step
33