The document provides an overview of basic grammar concepts for levels A and B, including: 1) The alphabet, days of the week, months, and numbers. 2) Present simple tense with verbs "to be" and regular verbs. 3) Present continuous tense and usage of the "-ing" form of verbs. 4) Future tense with "will" and "going to". 5) Past tense with "was/were" and regular verbs in past form. 6) Comparative forms for adjectives and adverbs.

1. Basic grammar for level A, B
THE ALPHABET
A B C D E F G H I J K L
M N O P Q R S T U V W X
Y Z A O IU E.
DAYS in a week .
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Saturday Sunday. yesterday tomorrow
Months in a year.
January February March April May June
July August September October November
December
Numbers :
One Eleven Twenty-one One/a hundred
Instructor: Nguyeãn Vaên Phuù 1

2. Basic grammar for level A, B
Two Twelve Twenty-two 101
Three Thirteen  Thirty One hundred
Four Fourteen Forty and one
Five Fifteen  Fifty
Six Sixteen Sixty One/a thousand
Seven Seventeen
Eight Eighteen One/a million
Nine Nineteen One/a billion
Ten Twenty  millionaire
billionaire
The present simple tense: with ToBe : thì, la,ø ôû
Kd : S + am/ is/ are + o
Pñ: S + am/ is/ are + not + 0
NV: Am/ Is/ Are + S + 0?
WH/ how + am/ is/ are + S
e.g.
I am a teacher I am not a teacher Am I a teacher? What is it?
He is a student He isn’t a student Is he a student? Who are
They are workers They aren’t Are they are workers? you?
Instructor: Nguyeãn Vaên Phuù 2

3. Basic grammar for level A, B
workers How is she?
The present simple tense :
KD: S + V(es,s)
pd: S + do not/ does not + V
NV: DO/ does + S + V?
WH/ how + Do/ Does + S + V?
+ The rules adding es, s
• Adding es,s , when the Subject is the third person ( He, She, it, LAN)
• Adding es when the last letter of the verb is ( O, ch,sh,ss, x)
Ex. Do -> does
Watch -.> watches
+ Except that we add S
Ex. play-> plays
Adverbs:
• Everyday/ week/ month/ year/ spring/ summer/ autumn (fall)/ winter.
• always often usually
• occasionally sometimes seldom
Rarely never.
• Traïng töø ñuùng tröôcù ÑT to be, vaø tröôùc ÑT thöôøng
Ex. He is always happy.
She often goes to the cinema.
• The present continuous:
Instructor: Nguyeãn Vaên Phuù 3

4. Basic grammar for level A, B
a. Affirmative: S + am/ is/ are + V-ing….
b. Negative: S + am/ is/ are + not + V-ing ……
c. Yes/ no questions: Am/ is/ are + S + V-ing?
d. Information ques.: WH/ how + to be +S + V- ing?
@ Adding Ing/
+ Ñoái vôùi ÑT taän cuøng laø E boû e theâm Ing
E.g. write-> writing
+ Ñoái vôùi ÑT taän cuøng laø 1 phuï aâm vaø tröôùc la 1 nguyeân aâm
ta gaáp ñoâi phuï aâm vaø theâm ing
e.g.: stop-> stopping
+ Ñoái vôùi ÑT coù hai aâm tieát, vaø Taän cuøng laø phuï aâm ñöùng
sau nguyeân aâm, vaø troïng aâm rôi vaøo aâm thöù hai ta gaáp ñoâi
phuï aâm, aâm ñaøu khoâng gaáp ñoâi
e.g.: begín-> beginning
haùppen-> haùppening
• Adverbs
- Look !
- Listen !
- Be quiet !
- Keep silence !
- Now , at the moment , at the present . Right away
Instructor: Nguyeãn Vaên Phuù 4

5. Basic grammar for level A, B
e.g. He is walking to the bus right now.
They are singing at the moment.
what’s happening/
who’s crying?
some verbs do not ues in the present continous: Like, love, mean, want,
know, understand, remember, prefer, hate, need, believe,forget.
+ thì hieän taïi tieáp dieãn haønh ñoäng ñang xaõy ra luùc noùi ôû hieân taïi.
• The future tense:
a.aff: S + will + V
b. Ne:S + will not + V
c. Yes/ no: Will / shall + S + V?
d. wh/ how + will/ shall + S + V?
• Adverbs:
- After a while
- In five minutes, in three days
- This afternoon/ everning/ Sunday/
- Next Sunday/ weeken
- Today/ tonight/ tomorrow/ one day
eg. She will go to VT next week.
He won’t do exercise tomorrow.
Will she go with him?
Instructor: Nguyeãn Vaên Phuù 5

6. Basic grammar for level A, B
The near future:
a. kñ: S + to be going to + V
b. pd: S + to be + not + going to + V
c. NV: To be + S + going to + V?
d. WH/ how + to be + S + going to +V?
Ex. he is going to do his homework tonight.
He isn’t going to do his homework tonight.
Is he going to do ?
• The past tense :
a. kd: S + was/ were + adj/ N
b. pd: S + was not/ were not + adj/ N
c. NV: Was/ Were + S + adj/ N?
a. kd: S + V( ed,II)
b. pd: S + did not + V
c. NV: Did + S + V?
d. WH/ how did +S + V?
Dóen taû haønh ñoäng xaõy ra trong quaù khöù tai thôøi ñieåm xaùc
ñònh.
Instructor: Nguyeãn Vaên Phuù 6

7. Basic grammar for level A, B
- Yesterday , last night , ago , at that time , in 1999.
Ex. He went to the city last year.
He didn’t play game yesterday.
Did they stay up late last night?
Where did you go last summer?
@ The past continous:
• kd: S +was/ were +V-ing
• pd: S+ wasn’t/ weren’t + V-ing
• NV: Was/ were + S + V-ing?
• WH/ how + was/ were + S V-ing?
e.g.: I was sleeping at 6 pm .
I wasn’t sleeping at 6 o’cloc k.
Was he sleeping at 6 o’clock ?
• Ta duøng When.
- Moät haønh ñoâng ñang xaûy ra thì bò haønh doäng khaùc xen vaøo.
When + S QKÑ + S2 + QKTD
1 +
hoaëc
S1 + QKÑ + when + S2 + QKTD.
Ex. when I came home, Mary was listening to music.
• Ta duøng While. hai haønh ñoäng ñang xaûy ra cuøng luùc.
S1+ QKTD + While + QKTD
While + S1 + QKTD + S2+ QKTD
EX. while I was reading a book, peter was working.
Instructor: Nguyeãn Vaên Phuù 7

8. Basic grammar for level A, B
• used to : ( ñaõ töøng )
- S + used to +V
-S + didn’t + use to + V
-Did + S + use to + V?
-Wh/ how + did + S + use to + V?
Ex. He used to swim in that river.
I didn’t use to get up early.
Did you use to play marbles when you were a kid?
-Yes, I did
-No, I didn’t.
• The present perfect tense .
I/ you/ We/They + + V(3,ed)
have
He she It +
has
I/ you/ We/They + + not+
have V(3,ed)
He she It + has
Have + I/ you/ We/ + V (3, ed)?
They
Has + He+ she+
It
Instructor: Nguyeãn Vaên Phuù 8

9. Basic grammar for level A, B
Ex. - I have lived in SG for 2 years./ since 1989.
-He has lost his key.
-Have you visited him this morning?
+Dieãn taû haønh ñoäng ñaõ hoaøn taát taïi tôøi ñieåm khoâng
xaùc ñònh.
+Dieãn taû haønh ñoäng laëp ñi laëp laïi nhieàu laàn.
 Ex. I have not sen you for a long time.
@ Adverbs: Ever , never , so far , until , now , recently , just , yet , already ,
for , since , for the first time …. etc .
• The present perfect continuous tense:
- KD: I / you / we/ they + have +been – V-ing
He/ she/ it + has
-PÑ: I / you / we/ they + have + not +been – V-ing
He/ she/ it + has
-NV: Have + I / you / we/ they + been + V- ing
Has + He/ she/ it
• Duøng taû 1 haønh ñoäng ñaõ baét ñaàu ôû qaù khöù maø coøn
tieáp tuc ôû hieän taïi
Ex . Last night , when Tom got up , his father has been working in his room for
1 hour .
+ The past perfect :
KÑ: S + HAD + V(3, ed)
Instructor: Nguyeãn Vaên Phuù 9

10. Basic grammar for level A, B
PÑ: S + had not + V (3, ed )
Nv: Had + S V(3, ed) ?
Wh/ how + Had + S + V ( 3, ed) ?
= Dieãn taû 1 haønh ñoäng ñaõ hoaøn thaønh truôùc 1 haønh ñoän khaùc
Ex . when he arrived, everyone had left.
When
Before + S + QKÑ , S + V ( QKHT )
By the time
After + S + V ( QKHT ), S + V ( QKD )
• COMPARATIVE :
1. SO SAÙNH KEÙM HÔN :( COMPARATIVE OF INFERITY )
LESS + adj + than
Ex. He is less handsome than his brother.
2. SO SAÙNH BAÈNG NHAU : ( COMPARATIVE OF EQUALIT ).
AS + ADJ + AS
Ex. this tree is as big as that one.
3. SO SAÙNH HÔN : COMPARATIVE
tính töø ngaén, 1 vaàn: ( short, tall, strong ….)
ADJ + ER + THAN
Ex. This ruler is shorter than that one.
Instructor: Nguyeãn Vaên Phuù 10

11. Basic grammar for level A, B
Note : neáu tính töø taän cuøng baèng Y maø tröôùc noù la phuï aâm ñoåi Y
-> i + er .
Ex: dry -> drier
- Neáu tt taän cuøng laø phuï aâm maø tr7ôùc laø 1 ngueâyn
aâm thì gaáp ñoâi phuï aâm.
Ex. Hot -> hotter
Tính töø daøi:
More + adj + than
Ex. LAN is more intelligent than her sitter
Note: narrow - > narrower -> the narrowest .
Easy - > easier -> the easier
Gentle -> gentler -> gentlest
4. SO SAÙNH NHAÁT : SUPERLATIVE.
Tính töø 1 vaàn:
THE + ADJ + EST
Tính töø 2 vaàn:
THE MOST + ADJ
Ex. She is the most beautiful girl in the class.
5. SO SAÙNH KEÙM NHAÁT: SUPERALATIVE OF INFERIORITY.
THE LEAST + ADJ
Ex. she is the least intelligent girl in the class.
• IRRIGULAR ADJ:
Instructor: Nguyeãn Vaên Phuù 11

12. Basic grammar for level A, B
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Little less the least
Much / many more the most
Far farther the farthest
Fur further the furthest
• Wish : dieã taû tình huoáng coù theå xaõy ra.
Wish + present conditional
+ Real: it is raining heavily. I want to go out but I don’t have an umbrella. I
don’t want to go in the rain.
+ wish: I wish it would stop raining.
• WISH .: Dienã taû tình huoáng khoâng coù thaät
WISH + THE PAST
Ex. real: I have to finish my work at 9 o’clock. It is 11 o’clock now but I
haven’t finished my work.
+ wish: I wish I finished my work.
• Wish : dieãn taû tình huoáng khoâng coù thaät luc noùi :( tieác nuoái ) 
Wish + S + past perfect
Real: Yesterday, because of being busy, I didn’t come to Hoa’s birthday. So
she was unhappy.
Ex. I wish I had come to her birthday.
Instructor: Nguyeãn Vaên Phuù 12

13. Basic grammar for level A, B
CONDITIONAL SENTENCE :
• Loai 1: coù theå xaõy ra o hieän taïi or töông lai.
If + HTÑ S + will / can + V
Ex. if he comes here, I will feel very happt.
note: CO THE DUNG@ CAN? MAY/ must + V
• Loai 2: khoâng coù theå xaõy ra ôû hieän taò .
If + QKÑ S + would + V
Ex. if I were you, I would go abroad.
Note: neáu laø to be : duøng WERE cho taát caû ngoâi.
• Loai 3 : khoâng thöïc hieän ñöôïc trong quaù khöù .
If + had + V 3 S + would have + V 3
Ex. if he had run faster, he would have won the race.
 Had he run faster, he would have won the prize.
• Caùc daïng caâu bò ñoäng :
• Ñoái vôùi thì Ñôn ta phaûi duøng Ñoäng töø TO BE
Active : S + V + O
Passive : S + to be + V (3, ed ) + O + by Agent .
( am , is , are ,
was , were )
Ex. Dung does that work ->> That work is done by Dung.
Instructor: Nguyeãn Vaên Phuù 13

14. Basic grammar for level A, B
Phu kicked the dog -> The dog was kicked by Phu.
• Ñoái vôùi thì tieáp dieãn .
Active : S + to be + V - ing + O
Passive : S + to be + being + V (3, ed ) + by + Agent
Ex . Lan is making a cake in the kitchen at the moment .
 A cake is being by lan in the kitchen at the moment .
• Ñoái vôùi Hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh:
Active : S + have / has + PP ( V 3, ed ). + O
Passive: S + have / has + Been + PP ( V 3, ed ) + by Agent
• Ñoái vôùi thì töông lai vaø Ñoäng töø Khieám khuyeát . must have BE
• Active : S + will / can / to be going to + V + O
• Passive : S + will / can / to be going to + BE + V (3, ed ) + by Agent .
• He will build the house in the future .
o -> The house will be built in the future by him .
• Should they help Jane with the sewing ?
o Should Jane be help with the sewing ?
• They are going to steal your money if you are not carefl .
o -> Your money is going to be stolen if you are not careful .
Instructor: Nguyeãn Vaên Phuù 14

15. Basic grammar for level A, B
• Caùc maãu ñaët bòeât : QUAÙ ……………………… ÑEÁN NOÃI ……..
• S + V + SO + ADJ / ADV + THAT + S + CAN ’ T / CAN .
o Ex . He is so poor that he can ’ t buy a house in HCMC .
o
• S + V + SUCH + AN / A + ADJ / + N + THAT + S + V .
o Ex . Lan is such a nice girl that everyone loves her .
• S + V + TOO + ADJ / ADV + ( FOR someone ) + TO – V .
o Ex. The tea is too hot to drink .
o The tea is too hot for my dad to drink .
o
• S + V + ADJ + ENOUGH + ( FOR someone ) + TO – V .
• Ex. She isn’t old enough to get married.
• ->> She is too young to get married.
Learn by heart :
Neáu ñoàng y ù
I do , too . So do I .
Ñoàng yù vôùi yù kieán khoâng:
I don ’ t either . Neither do I .
9/14/2009
Instructor: Nguyeãn Vaên Phuù 15