Học các thì cơ bản trong tiếng anh. Có kèm mô tả, ví dụ, cách phát âm, ...

1. CCHHƯƯƠƠNNGG 11:: TTHHÌÌ

2. AA.. PPRREESSEENNTT SSIIMMPPLLEE
HHiiỆỆNN TTẠẠII ĐĐƠƠNN GGiiẢẢNN

3. I. Form/ Dạng thức
• (+) S + Vs/es.
• (-) S + don’t/doesn’t + V.
(?)Do/Does + S + V?
Yes, S do/does
No, S do/does not

4. II. Use/ Sử dụng
1. Miêu tả Sự thật, Thói quen, Hành động lặp đi lặp
lại, Tình huống ko thay đổi, Cảm xúc và Điều ước
• The sun rises in the east. (a truth)
• I wake up at seven o'clock. (a habit)
• She meets me every Sunday. (a repeated actions)
• I work in New York. (an unchanging situation)
• I love blue flowers. (an emotion)
• He wants to pass his last exam (a wish)

5. II. Use
2. Di n t th i khoá ễ ả ờ biểu, thời gian biểu. Đặc
biệt giờ đi, đến của các phương tiện
• Your flight takes off at 09.00
• My exams start on Monday.
• His mother arrives tomorrow.
• Our holiday starts on the 26th March

6. II. Use
3. Di n t th i gian ễ ả ờ tương lai trong các mệnh
đề có chứa: after, when, before, as soon
as, until:
• It will be ready as soon as you arrive this
evening.
• I will meet you when you come on Sunday.
• She'll see you before she leaves.
• We'll give it to her after she arrives.

7. II. Use
4. Đ ưa ra Chỉ dẫn hoặc Hướng dẫn:
• You walk for two hundred meters,
then you turn left.
• Open the packet and pour the
contents into hot water.
• You take the No.6 bus to Watney and
then the No.10 to Bedford.

8. II. Use
NOTE: Các tr ng t n su ạ ầ ất thường dùng với HTDG:
• Always, often, usually, sometimes, ever, never
• Everyday, every week, every…
• Once/twice/three times a week/a month …
• On Friday(s)…
• In the morning/evening…
• At ten o’clock…

9. III. Chia động từ ở
ngôi thứ 3 số ít
1. Thêm “s” vào hầu hết các động từ khi
chủ ngữ là He/She/It/ Danh từ số ít
• He wants
• She needs
• He gives
• She thinks.

10. III. Chia động từ ở
ngôi thứ 3 số ít
2. Phủ định và câu hỏi dùng trợ động từ
Does
• He wants.
• Does he want?
• He does not want.

11. III. Chia động từ ở
ngôi thứ 3 số ít
3. Động từ tận cùng là –y, trước –y là phụ âm,
chuyển –y thành –i rồi thêm es:
• fly - flies
• cry - cries
• play - plays
• pray - prays
• destroy - destroys

12. III. Chia động từ ở
ngôi thứ 3 số ít
4. Thêm –es với động từ tận cùng là:-ss,
-x, -sh, -ch:
• He passes
• She catches
• He fixes
• It pushes

13. IV. Phát âm s/es
• “s z ch dz sh zh” /iz/
• Vô thanh “p t f k tS S 0” /s/
• Hữu thanh ” d v g *” /z/

14. BB.. PPrreesseenntt ccoonnttiinnuuoouuss
HHiiỆỆNN TTẠẠII TTiiẾẾPP DDiiỄỄNN

15. I. Form
• (+) S + am/is/are + Ving.
• (-) S + am/is/are not + Ving.
• (?) Am/is/are + S + Ving?

16. II. Use
1. Miêu t ả hành động xảy ra tại thời
điểm nói
• You are using the Internet.
• You are studying English grammar.

17. II. Use
2. Miêu t hành ả động xảy ra xung quanh
thời điểm nói.
• Are you still working for the same
company?
• More and more people are becoming
vegetarian.

18. II. Use
3. Miêu tả hành động trong tương lai,
đã được lên kế hoạch hoặc chuẩn bị.
• We're going on holiday tomorrow.
• I'm meeting my boyfriend tonight.
• Are they visiting you next winter?

19. II. Use
4. Miêu tả hành động tạm thời khác với
bình thường trong 1 khoảng thời gian
nhất định.
• He usually plays the drums, but he's
playing bass guitar tonight.
• The weather forecast was good, but
it's raining at the moment.

20. II. Use
5. Miêu t ả, nhấn mạnh hành động lặp đi
lặp lại gây bực mình bằng cách sử
dụng 'always, forever, constantly'.
• Harry and Sally are always arguing!
• You're forever complaining about
your mother-in-law!

21. II. Use
CHÚ Ý: Trong thì HTTD, “always” nghĩa là
“r t th ng xuyên”. ấ ườ Đôi khi thể hiện nghĩa
bực mình.
• Example:
Our teacher is always giving us tests.
(Very often, annoyed)
Our teacher always gives us tests.

22. III. Cách thành lập
“Ving”
1. Động từ kết thúc bằng –e, bỏ -e thêm -ing:
Example: come - coming, delete - deleting, change -
changing
• I am coming home.
• You are deleting the file.
• He is changing his money.
Nhưng: Kết thúc bằng-ee thì chỉ thêm -ing
Example: agree - agreeing,
• We are agreeing with your plan.

23. III. Cách thành lập
“Ving”
2. Động từ 1 âm tiết, kết thúc bằng phụ
âm, trước đó là 1 nguyên âm thì gấp
đôi phụ âm rồi thêm -ing:
Example: sit - sitting, cut - cutting
• They are sitting on the grass.
• She is cutting a piece of paper.

24. III. Cách thành lập
“Ving”
3. Động từ tận cùng là –l, trước –l là
phụ âm thì gấp đôi –l rồi thêm -ing
Example: travel – travelling/traveling
• We are travelling around the world.

25. III. Cách thành lập
“Ving”
4. Động từ tận cùng là –ie thì chuyển –
ie thành –y rồi thêm -ing.
Example: lie - lying
• I am lying in bed.

26. CC.. PPaasstt ssiimmppllee
QQUUÁÁ KKHHỨỨ ĐĐƠƠNN

27. I. Form
(+) S + Ved.
• (-) S + did not + V.
• S + was/were not + …
• (?) Did + S + V?
• Was/were + S + V?

28. II. Use
1. Miêu t hành đ ng th ng xuyên, đã ả ộ ườ từng, chưa bao giờ hoặc
thỉnh thoảng xảy ra trong quá khứ
• He drove to the beach every Sunday.
• I used to swim in this river when I was small.
• Did he come to your party last week?
2. Miêu tả các hành động xảy ra lần lượt trong quá khứ
• He came in, said hello to everyone in the house and left for
his room immediately.
3. Miêu tả hành động xảy ra tại thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ
• I ate lunch at noon today.
• He drove to work yesterday.

29. III. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
• Chúng ta sử dụng QKDG để nói khi
nào một điều gì đó xảy ra, vì vậy nó
phải có diễn tả thời gian cụ thể trong
quá khứ.

30. III. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
1. Tần suất:
• often, sometimes, always;
2. Thời gian cụ thể:
• last week, when I was a child, yesterday,
six weeks ago.
3. Thời gian ko xác định:
• the other day, ages ago, a long time ago
etc.

31. III. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
CHÚ Ý: Chỉ dùng ago với thì QKDG
e.g. a week ago, three years ago, a minute ago.
Examples:
• Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva.
• She finished her work at seven o'clock.
• We saw a good film last week.
• I went to the theatre last night.
• She played the piano when she was a child.
• He sent me a letter six months ago.
• Peter left five minutes ago.

32. III. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
b, thông tin về thời gian không nhất thiết phải trong
cùng một câu.
• Examples: I went to town yesterday and had
a look round the shops. I bought this jacket.
c, sử dụng QKDG để khiến câu có nghĩa hiện tại bớt
trực tiếp hơn.
• Examples: I wanted to ask you something.
Sẽ nhẹ nhàng, tế nhị hơn “I want to ask you
something”.

33. IV. Cách chia “Ved” với
V có quy tắc
1. Hầu hết các động từ có quy tắc đều thêm -ed.
• Eg: Played walked seemedoffered filled
2. Nếu động từ tận cùng là –e, chỉ thêm -d
• Eg: moved continued pleasedsmiled
3. Động từ 1 âm tiết, kết thúc là phụ âm, trước đó là nguyên âm
thì gấp đôi phụ âm rồi thêm –ed. Với động từ 2 âm tiết có
cùng quy tăc, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết 2 thì gấp đôi phụ âm
• Eg: stopped preferred
• # entered opened
4. Động từ tận cùng –y, trước –y là phụ âm thì chuyển –y thành
–i rồi thêm -ed
• Eg: studied hurried

34. V. Phát âm “Ved”
• /id/ khi V tận cùng /t, d/
• /t/ khi V tận cùng là âm vô thanh
• /d/ khi V tận cùng là âm hữu thanh

35. PPrreesseenntt ppeerrffeecctt
HHiiỆỆNN TTẠẠII HHOOÀÀNN TTHHÀÀNNHH

36. I. Form
(+) S + have/has + PII.
• (-) S + have/has not + PII.
• (?) Have/has + S + PII?

37. II. Use
1. Miêu t hành ả động xảy ra trong quá
khứ, còn kéo dài đến hiện tại
• I have lived in New York for nine
years.
• We have been here since Friday.
• He has played football since he was a
child.

38. II. Use
2. Miêu t hành đ ả ộng xảy ra trong 1 khoảng
thời gian, vẫn chưa hoàn thành:
• James has not finished his homework yet.
• Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she
can communicate.
• Bill has still not arrived.
• The rain hasn't stopped.

39. II. Use
3. Miêu t hành đ ng l p đi l p l i, ko ả ộ ặ ặ ạ cụ thể từ trước đến nay:
• I have seen that movie twenty times.
• I think I have met him once before.
• There have been many earthquakes in California.
• People have traveled to the Moon.
• People have not traveled to Mars.
• Have you read the book yet?
• Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
• A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

40. II. Use
4. Miêu t hành ả động vừa xảy ra trong
quá khứ có kèm 'just' và 'recently'.:
• He has just broken his leg
• Recently, I haven't seen any changes
in petrol price.
• Have you just had your hair cut?

41. II. Use
5. Miêu t kinh nghi m, ả ệ ko cần thời gian cụ thể:
• I have been to France.
(This sentence means that you have had the experience of
being in France. Maybe you have been there once, or several
times.)
• I have been to France three times.
(You can add the number of times at the end of the
sentence.)
• I have never been to France.
(This sentence means that you have not had the experience
of going to France.)
• Man has walked on the Moon.
• Our son has learned how to read.
• Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
• Scientists have split the atom.
• He has never traveled by train.
• Joan has studied two foreign languages.
• A: Have you ever met him?
B: No, I have not met him.

42. II. Use
CHÚ Ý: Dấu hiệu nhận biết: just,
recently, lately, already, before, so
far, still, ever, never, today, this
morning/evening…, for weeks/years…,
since 1980.

43. PPaasstt ccoonnttiinnuuoouuss
QQUUÁÁ KKHHỨỨ TTiiẾẾPP DDiiỄỄNN

44. I. Form
(+) S + was/were + Ving.
• (-) S + was/were not + Ving.
• (?) Was/were + S + Ving?

45. II. Use
1. Miêu t hành đ ng đang x y ra trong QK, ả ộ ả bị 1 hành động khác
chen ngang:
• I was watching TV when she called.
• When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.
• While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.
• What were you doing when the earthquake started?
• I was listening to my iPod, so I didn't hear the fire alarm.
• You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the
oven off.
• While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.
• Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane.
• While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly went
off.
• A: What were you doing when you broke your leg?
B: I was snowboarding.

46. II. Use
2. Miêu t 2 hành đ ng x ả ộ ảy ra song song trong quá khứ
• I was studying while he was making dinner.
• While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.
• Were you listening while he was talking?
• I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so
I made several mistakes.
• What were you doing while you were waiting?
• Thomas wasn't working, and I wasn't working either.
• They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having
a good time.

47. II. Use
3. Miêu t b i c nh các ả ố ả sự kiện xảy ra trong QK
• The sun was shining and the birds were singing as
the elephants were coming out of the jungle. The
other animals were relaxing in the shade of the
trees, but the elephant moved very quickly. She
was looking for her baby, and she didn't notice
the hunter who was watching her through his
binoculars. When the shot rang out, she was
running towards the river...

48. II. Use
CHÚ Ý: Dấu hiệu nhận biết: when,
while, as long as
• Examples:
– I was studying when she called.
– While I was studying, she called.

49. PPrreesseenntt ppeeffeecctt
ccoonnttiinnuuoouuss
HHiiỆỆNN TTẠẠII HHOOÀÀNN TTHHÀÀNNHH TTiiẾẾPP
DDiiỄỄNN

50. I. Form
(+) S + have/has been + Ving.
• (-) S + have/has not been + Ving.
• (?) Have/has + S + been + Ving?

51. II. Use
1. Miêu t hành đ ng x y ra trong quá kh ả ộ ả ứ và tiếp diễn đến hiện
tại.
• They have been talking for the last hour. (= they are still
talking now)
• She has been working at that company for three years. (=
she is still working for the company now and she will work
more time in the future.)
• What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes?
• James has been teaching at the university since June.
• We have been waiting here for over two hours!
• Why has Nancy not been taking her medicine for the last
three days?

52. II. Use
2. Miêu t hành đ ng v a x ả ộ ừ ảy ra, chúng ta quan tâm
đến kết quả của hành động:
• It's been raining (= and the streets are still wet).
• Someone's been eating my chips (= half of them
have gone).
• Have you been smoking ?(= you have smell of
smoke).
• Have been running for hours? You look very tired
now..

53. II. Use
3. Dùng với Lately và Recently
• We often use 'lately' and 'recently' to
emphrasize the meaning of the sentence
• Sam has been having his car for two years. Not
Correct
• Sam has had his car for two years. Correct
• I have been wanting to visit China for years. Not
Correct
• I have wanted to visit China for years. Correct