This document provides guidance on selecting personal protective equipment (PPE) for various electrical work tasks. It includes the following:
- Table 130.7(C)(9) outlines hazard/risk categories for different tasks on energized equipment, ranging from panelboards to switchgear. The table considers factors like voltage, fault current, and clearing time to determine the category.
- Table 130.7(C)(10) specifies the required PPE, including rubber insulating gloves, insulating hand tools, protective clothing etc. based on the hazard/risk category determined in the previous table.
- Notes provide additional guidance, such as on fault currents and clearing times for different voltage classes, and indicate that PPE is
This document summarizes key parts of the international standard IEC 60947-2 for low voltage circuit breakers. It describes the standard's contents and scope, definitions of circuit breaker ratings and characteristics, construction requirements for isolation and testing circuit breakers suitable for isolation. It also summarizes appendices on cascading, residual current devices, circuit breakers with electronic trip units, and ones suitable for isolated neutral systems. The standard defines tests to verify circuit breaker performance and functions under all conditions.
The document discusses residual current circuit breakers (RCCBs) that provide protection against earth faults and leakage currents. It lists various RCCB models that comply with IEC 61008 standards and have ratings up to 125A and 630A breaking capacity. The document provides details on RCCB construction, features, technical specifications, wiring diagrams, and dimensions for installation. It describes how RCCBs automatically disconnect circuits when earth faults exceed their rated sensitivity levels.
TONGOU Electrical is a leading Chinese manufacturer and exporter of modular electric terminal devices for household, commercial, industrial, and similar installations. It produces a wide range of products including miniature circuit breakers, residual current circuit breakers, moulded case circuit breakers, air circuit breakers, contactors, and more. TONGOU prides itself on innovative design, excellent craftsmanship, and high reliability. It has obtained certifications from international organizations and supplies products globally.
The document discusses several disconnector switch models - TOB10-100, TODH1-100, TOD71-100, TOD73-100, and TOD10-100. The switches are applicable for electric circuits rated up to 230/400V AC and 125A. They provide isolation and can be used as main switches for household and commercial installations. The switches have ratings like 3000A short-circuit capacity and can withstand 1500A current for 1 second. They are intended to mount on 35mm DIN rails or in panels.
The document discusses residual current circuit breakers (RCCBs) with overcurrent protection. It provides details on the construction, features, technical specifications, and wiring diagrams of various RCCB models for voltages up to 415V AC and currents up to 100A. The RCCBs provide protection against earth faults, leakage currents, overloads, and short circuits, while also isolating the circuit. They automatically disconnect when fault currents exceed the rated sensitivity level.
The document provides information about ABB's medium voltage V-Contact VSC contactors. It describes the contactors' permanent magnet drive system and vacuum interrupter breaking mechanism. It lists the available contactor versions and their technical specifications, including voltage ratings, short circuit ratings, switching times, and environmental compliance standards. Installation and application information is also provided.
This document provides safety precautions and instructions for servicing a color television receiver. It outlines various tests to perform, including leakage current and antenna checks. High voltage safety limits and procedures are specified. The document emphasizes handling electrostatic sensitive devices safely and reinstalling all protective components and shielding. Replacement parts must match original specifications and safety characteristics.
TONGOU Electrical is a leading Chinese manufacturer and exporter of modular electric terminal devices for household, commercial, industrial, and similar installations. It produces a wide range of products including miniature circuit breakers, residual current circuit breakers, moulded case circuit breakers, air circuit breakers, contactors, and more. TONGOU prides itself on innovative design, excellent craftsmanship, and high reliability. It has obtained certifications from international organizations and supplies products globally.
This document summarizes key parts of the international standard IEC 60947-2 for low voltage circuit breakers. It describes the standard's contents and scope, definitions of circuit breaker ratings and characteristics, construction requirements for isolation and testing circuit breakers suitable for isolation. It also summarizes appendices on cascading, residual current devices, circuit breakers with electronic trip units, and ones suitable for isolated neutral systems. The standard defines tests to verify circuit breaker performance and functions under all conditions.
The document discusses residual current circuit breakers (RCCBs) that provide protection against earth faults and leakage currents. It lists various RCCB models that comply with IEC 61008 standards and have ratings up to 125A and 630A breaking capacity. The document provides details on RCCB construction, features, technical specifications, wiring diagrams, and dimensions for installation. It describes how RCCBs automatically disconnect circuits when earth faults exceed their rated sensitivity levels.
TONGOU Electrical is a leading Chinese manufacturer and exporter of modular electric terminal devices for household, commercial, industrial, and similar installations. It produces a wide range of products including miniature circuit breakers, residual current circuit breakers, moulded case circuit breakers, air circuit breakers, contactors, and more. TONGOU prides itself on innovative design, excellent craftsmanship, and high reliability. It has obtained certifications from international organizations and supplies products globally.
The document discusses several disconnector switch models - TOB10-100, TODH1-100, TOD71-100, TOD73-100, and TOD10-100. The switches are applicable for electric circuits rated up to 230/400V AC and 125A. They provide isolation and can be used as main switches for household and commercial installations. The switches have ratings like 3000A short-circuit capacity and can withstand 1500A current for 1 second. They are intended to mount on 35mm DIN rails or in panels.
The document discusses residual current circuit breakers (RCCBs) with overcurrent protection. It provides details on the construction, features, technical specifications, and wiring diagrams of various RCCB models for voltages up to 415V AC and currents up to 100A. The RCCBs provide protection against earth faults, leakage currents, overloads, and short circuits, while also isolating the circuit. They automatically disconnect when fault currents exceed the rated sensitivity level.
The document provides information about ABB's medium voltage V-Contact VSC contactors. It describes the contactors' permanent magnet drive system and vacuum interrupter breaking mechanism. It lists the available contactor versions and their technical specifications, including voltage ratings, short circuit ratings, switching times, and environmental compliance standards. Installation and application information is also provided.
This document provides safety precautions and instructions for servicing a color television receiver. It outlines various tests to perform, including leakage current and antenna checks. High voltage safety limits and procedures are specified. The document emphasizes handling electrostatic sensitive devices safely and reinstalling all protective components and shielding. Replacement parts must match original specifications and safety characteristics.
TONGOU Electrical is a leading Chinese manufacturer and exporter of modular electric terminal devices for household, commercial, industrial, and similar installations. It produces a wide range of products including miniature circuit breakers, residual current circuit breakers, moulded case circuit breakers, air circuit breakers, contactors, and more. TONGOU prides itself on innovative design, excellent craftsmanship, and high reliability. It has obtained certifications from international organizations and supplies products globally.
ABB LV Low Voltage Surge Arresters
ABB LOVOS-5 ABB LOVOS-10
ABB Surge Arresters for Low Voltage Overhead Line Protection
ABB low voltage surge arresters LOVOS-5 and LOVOS-10 are a new generation of LV surge arresters ensuring electrical protection of overhead lines, electric energy receivers, distributing transformers and low voltage electrical equipment. Specify and install ABB LOVOS type surge arresters to protect low voltage power equipment from the effects of lightning and switching overvoltages.
ABB low voltage surge arrester types LOVOS-5 and LOVOS-10 selection criteria : continuous operating voltage Uc, voltage protection level Up and energy absorption capability.
Applications for Low Voltage LV Surge Arresters
The ABB LOVOS range provides protection along LV overhead lines, cables, motors, switches, any equipment connected to the line, from the LV side of distribution transformers up to measuring instruments.
Typical places of installation
Low voltage switchgears, distribution transformers (LV side)
Transition points of insulated and uninsulated, overhead and underground lines and cables
Electricity service entrance locations to buildings (in cabinets or at poles)
At junctions (branching])
Every 500 / 1000 m of overhead line in locations of high lightning activity
At the end of dead-end feeder line
At the sealing ends of inserted cables
At any apparatuses connected to secondary voltage source
ABB LOVOS Low Voltage LV Surge Arresters
ABB LOVOS-5 and ABB LOVOS-10 Low Voltage LV Surge Arresters
The principal active element of ABB LV low voltage LOVOS surge arresters is a metal oxide varistor characterised by high non-linearity - at a working voltage mainly a capacity current flows smaller than 1 mA. Any voltage increase causes a large increase of current flowing through the varistor, leading in turn to immediate limitation of further voltage increase on arrester terminals. When the overvoltage disappears, the surge arrester immediately returns to its basic state. Surge arresters are equipped with a disconnecting device, that disconnects the surge arrester from the low voltage electricity network if it becomes damaged as the result of overvoltage of too high energy or inadmissable voltage increase in the system. If such a situation occurs then the bottom terminal of the disconnecting device is rejected by the spring inside - this terminal remains suspended on an insulation leash.
ABB LOVOS-5 and ABB LOVOS-10 LV Surge Arresters - Advantages
Easy assembly and connection of ABB LOVOS surge arresters
Disconnecting device also fulfills function of damage indicator
Large choice of ABB LOVOS surge arrester accessories
Casing resistant to UV radiation, non-flammable
Maintenance free low voltage surge arresters
All surge arrester accessories are made from corrosion-resistant materials
This service manual document provides instructions for repairing a green product color television:
1) The document describes how to safely discharge the voltage on the anode cap before removing it for repair work.
2) Instructions are provided for removing and replacing the anode cap, including cleaning and ensuring the wire is not twisted during replacement.
3) The manual specifies only using designated replacement parts that maintain the safety characteristics of the original components.
The document provides information on Siemens 3TH30 contactor relays:
1) 3TH30 contactor relays are air break contactors suitable for 10A at 240V AC and 10A at 24V DC that provide reliability and safety in control circuits.
2) They have flexible configurations with up to 8 contacts and mounting options.
3) Features include double break parallel bridge contacts, captive screws, and lugless terminations for improved safety and ease of use.
01. superswitch switch disconnector fuse and din bs fusesangelochintu
The document discusses the Siemens Superswitch 3KL8/3KT8/3KA8 power distribution switch. It has a range from 20A to 1600A and is suitable for applications up to 690V AC. It features self-cleaning moving roller contacts for high reliability over long usage. It also offers high safety, short circuit performance, isolation capabilities, and fuse monitoring options. The Superswitch is designed for applications in industrial and commercial switchboards and motor control centers.
The document discusses moulded case circuit breakers in the TOS2 series. It provides specifications for various models of the TOS2 breaker, including rated currents from 12.5A to 1600A, rated voltages up to 750V, and rated short circuit and service short circuit breaking capacities. It describes the use of TOS2 breakers for distributing electric energy and protecting circuit equipment from overloads and short circuits. It also mentions electronic and motor protection releases available for some TOS2 models.
This document provides specifications for the RS-35 series of 35W single output switching power supplies. It lists 6 models that provide different output voltages ranging from 3.3V to 48V. The power supplies have universal AC input, short circuit and overvoltage protections, and provide well-regulated output voltage with low ripple. Key specifications like output power, current, efficiency and dimensions are provided for each model.
The document discusses medium voltage (MV) switchgear panels and sub-main distribution boards. It provides details on MV panel components, tests conducted, and protection against short circuits and direct/indirect contact. It also includes dimensional details and breaker information for Mirage sub-main distribution boards in 250A, 400A, and 630A sizes. Single-line diagrams and examples show potential layouts and component selection for MV panel construction.
The 9730 Series is a 2 or 4 channel digital delay current generator that provides precise current pulses up to 6 amps per channel. It has high timing resolution of 200 ns and integrated resistance measurement capabilities. Advanced safety features and an easy programming interface make it suitable for applications requiring accuracy and repeatability such as airbag testing.
ABB low voltage surge arresters LOVOS-5 and LOVOS-10 are a new generation of LV surge arresters ensuring electrical protection of overhead lines, electric energy receivers, distributing transformers and low voltage electrical equipment. Specify and install ABB LOVOS type surge arresters to protect low voltage power equipment from the effects of lightning and switching overvoltages.
ABB low voltage surge arrester types LOVOS-5 and LOVOS-10 selection criteria : continuous operating voltage Uc, voltage protection level Up and energy absorption capability.
The ABB LOVOS range provides protection along LV overhead lines, cables, motors, switches, any equipment connected to the line, from the LV side of distribution transformers up to measuring instruments.
Typical places of installation
• low voltage switchgears, distribution transformers (LV side)
• transition points of insulated and uninsulated, overhead and underground lines and cables
• electricity service entrance locations to buildings (in cabinets or at poles)
• at junctions (branching])
• every 500 / 1000 m of overhead line in locations of high lightning activity
• at the end of dead-end feeder line
• at the sealing ends of inserted cables
• at any apparatuses connected to secondary voltage source
ABB Power Products - Low Voltage Capacitators, Low Voltage Surge Arresters, Low Voltage Surge Arresters, Low Voltage Plugs & Sockets ATEX, Medium - High Voltage Fuses (Indoor & Outdoor), Current Transformers, Voltage Transformers, Voltage Surge Arresters, Vacuum Contactors.
1. Betagard 5SX4 miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) have rated breaking capacities up to 10kA and comply with national and international standards with current ratings from 0.5A to 63A.
2. 5SX4 MCBs significantly limit let-through current during faults, providing high protection. They have "C" and "D" tripping characteristics and an average service life of 20,000 operations.
3. 5SX4 MCBs provide selectivity (preventing unnecessary tripping of upstream devices) when used with fuses or other MCBs according to limits specified in the document.
This document provides information on photovoltaic (solar PV) installations, including grid-tied systems. It discusses the components of solar PV systems such as solar panels, combiner boxes, inverters, and switch-disconnectors. It explains that combiner boxes are used to combine arrays from solar panels to achieve a high enough voltage and current for the inverter. Switch-disconnectors are needed to safely disconnect circuits and provide isolation for maintenance. The document also provides guidance on properly selecting and installing fuses and switch-disconnectors.
This document provides specifications for various TOC2 series AC contactors, including:
- Rated working currents from 9A to 620A
- Voltage ratings from 220/230V to 660/690V
- Electrical and mechanical lifespans
- Dimensions and mounting details for models ranging from TOC2-D09 to TOC2-D620
The TOC2 contactors can be used to control AC motors in circuits up to 660VAC 50/60Hz, and are suitable for applications such as making, breaking, starting, and controlling AC motors when combined with auxiliary devices.
Behavioral studies of surge protection componentsjournalBEEI
In our daily life, almost all the items we used, being a computer, television, lift or vehicle we drive consist of some kind of electrical or electronics component inside. The operation of these devices could be severely affected by lightning activity or electrical switching events, as there are more than 2000 thunderstorms in progress at any time resulting in 100 lightning flashes to ground per second. In practice, any device using electricity will subject to surge damages induced from the lightning or switching of heavy load. Surge protection device (SPD) is added at the power distribution panel and critical process loop to prevent damage subsequently cause plant shutdown. There are many questions raised on the SPD. How can this small device protect the equipment from large energy release by the lightning? What is inside the device? How does it work? This paper provides comprehensive detail in revealing the science and engineering behind the SPD, its individual component characteristic and how does it work. The technical information presented is limited to surge protection on equipment; surge protection for building structure will not be discussed here.
The document describes Siemens' 3WT Air Circuit Breaker, a modular circuit breaker that comes in just two frame sizes and covers a broad range of applications up to 66 kA at 500V. The 3WT circuit breaker offers flexibility, ease of use, safety, reliability and efficient protection for power distribution systems in industries and infrastructure projects. It has innovative electronic trip units with displays, standardized processes to ensure high quality, and conforms to international standards and approvals.
The document summarizes a 30W dual output switching power supply. It has two output channels, model D-30A provides 5V and 12V outputs while D-30B provides 5V and 24V outputs. It features protections for short circuits and overloads, uses free air convection for cooling, and has a 1 year warranty.
ABB MV Medium Voltage Transformers - Voltage Transformers VT's
Up to 40.5kV Medium Voltage MV Indoor Transformers VT's
ABB Power Products
ABB MV Medium Voltage Transformers - Voltage Transformer Features
Indoor dry type, cast resin insulated transformers for medium voltages (MV). ABB transformers are suitable for measuring and protection of MV medium voltages with up to 2 secondary windings.
ABB MV Medium Voltage Transformer : Unearthed Double-Pole Voltage Transformer ABB KGUG
ABB KGUG voltage transformer for medium voltage systems has all parts of its primary winding, including terminals, insulated from the earth at a level corresponding to its rated insulation level. ABB KGUG voltage, double-pole insulated transformers are casted in epoxy resin and designed mostly for insulation voltages of 24kV to 36kV.
ABB KGUG Voltage Transformer
ABB MV Medium Voltage Transformer : Indoor Voltage Transformer Double Pole ABB TDC
ABB TDC voltage transformer for medium voltage systems has all parts of its primary winding, including terminals, insulated from the earth at a level corresponding to its rated insulation level . Indoor dry type, cast resin insulated medium voltage (MV) transformer for measuring and protection with up to 2 secondary windings.
ABB TDC Voltage Transformer
ABB MV Indoor Voltage Transformer : Indoor Voltage Transformer ABB TJP
ABB TJP voltage transformer is a single phase voltage transformer which is intended to have one end of its primary winding directly earthed. Indoor dry type, cast resin insulated medium voltage transformer for measuring and protection with up to 2 secondary windings. With or without fuses. Most electrical standards available. Reconnectable MV medium voltage versions available.
ABB TJP Voltage Transformer
ABB MV Indoor Voltage Transformer : Indoor Voltage Transformer Single Pole ABB KGUGI
ABB KGUGI voltage transformer is 36kV indoor dry type, cast resin insulated medium voltage transformers for measuring and protection with up to 2 secondary windings. With or without fuses. Most electrical standards available. Reconnectable versions available.
ABB KGUGI Voltage Transformer
ABB MV Indoor Voltage Transformer : Indoor Voltage Transformer Single Pole ABB TJC
ABB TJC is a single phase voltage transformer which is intended to have one end of its primary winding directly earthed. Indoor dry type, cast resin insulated medium voltage transformer for measuring and protection with up to 2 secondary windings. With or without fuses. Most electrical standards available. Reconnectable MV medium voltage versions available.
This technical data sheet provides specifications and options for an industrial generator. It includes:
1) Details on the voltage regulators, windings, terminals, shaft, insulation, and quality assurance.
2) Ratings for the generator including voltage configurations, kVA ratings, efficiencies, and reactance values.
3) Curves showing efficiency, locked rotor starting, and short circuit performance.
- The document is a price list from Siemens Ltd. for their Betagard electrical installation products effective September 1st, 2016.
- It includes miniature circuit breakers, circuit breakers, isolators, residual current circuit breakers, distribution boards, and other modular devices.
- The price list provides product reference numbers, unit prices, module widths, standard packaging quantities, and specifications for each item.
The LM124/SA534/LM2902 series consists of four independent, high-gain, internally frequency-compensated operational amplifiers designed specifically to operate from a single power supply over a wide range of voltages.
Kewaunee Safety Cabinets are designed and tested to meet NFPA 30 Chapter 9.5.3 and OSHA 29 CFR 1910.106 regulations for flammable storage. They feature 18-gauge double walled steel construction with a 1-1/20 inch air space for fire protection. A variety of cabinet sizes are offered with options for manual, self-closing or bi-fold self-closing doors, along with adjustable shelves and a lockable latching mechanism for safe and secure storage of flammables.
Table for separation distances and containment requirements for tanks nfpa 30...zaheer sajid
This document provides separation distance guidelines for aboveground storage tanks extracted from NFPA 30 2008 Edition. It lists 9 types of tanks and the minimum required separation distances from property lines, tanks of the same or different type, and LP-Gas containers based on tank capacity and pressure. Distances range from 5 to 50 feet depending on the tank type and characteristics.
This document contains a practice exam for API 510 certification. It includes 26 multiple choice questions covering topics like corrosion rates, inspection responsibilities, weld procedures, and non-destructive testing. The answers are provided at the end with references to API and ASME codes. This exam tests an individual's knowledge of pressure vessel inspection, alteration, and repair standards and qualifications.
ABB LV Low Voltage Surge Arresters
ABB LOVOS-5 ABB LOVOS-10
ABB Surge Arresters for Low Voltage Overhead Line Protection
ABB low voltage surge arresters LOVOS-5 and LOVOS-10 are a new generation of LV surge arresters ensuring electrical protection of overhead lines, electric energy receivers, distributing transformers and low voltage electrical equipment. Specify and install ABB LOVOS type surge arresters to protect low voltage power equipment from the effects of lightning and switching overvoltages.
ABB low voltage surge arrester types LOVOS-5 and LOVOS-10 selection criteria : continuous operating voltage Uc, voltage protection level Up and energy absorption capability.
Applications for Low Voltage LV Surge Arresters
The ABB LOVOS range provides protection along LV overhead lines, cables, motors, switches, any equipment connected to the line, from the LV side of distribution transformers up to measuring instruments.
Typical places of installation
Low voltage switchgears, distribution transformers (LV side)
Transition points of insulated and uninsulated, overhead and underground lines and cables
Electricity service entrance locations to buildings (in cabinets or at poles)
At junctions (branching])
Every 500 / 1000 m of overhead line in locations of high lightning activity
At the end of dead-end feeder line
At the sealing ends of inserted cables
At any apparatuses connected to secondary voltage source
ABB LOVOS Low Voltage LV Surge Arresters
ABB LOVOS-5 and ABB LOVOS-10 Low Voltage LV Surge Arresters
The principal active element of ABB LV low voltage LOVOS surge arresters is a metal oxide varistor characterised by high non-linearity - at a working voltage mainly a capacity current flows smaller than 1 mA. Any voltage increase causes a large increase of current flowing through the varistor, leading in turn to immediate limitation of further voltage increase on arrester terminals. When the overvoltage disappears, the surge arrester immediately returns to its basic state. Surge arresters are equipped with a disconnecting device, that disconnects the surge arrester from the low voltage electricity network if it becomes damaged as the result of overvoltage of too high energy or inadmissable voltage increase in the system. If such a situation occurs then the bottom terminal of the disconnecting device is rejected by the spring inside - this terminal remains suspended on an insulation leash.
ABB LOVOS-5 and ABB LOVOS-10 LV Surge Arresters - Advantages
Easy assembly and connection of ABB LOVOS surge arresters
Disconnecting device also fulfills function of damage indicator
Large choice of ABB LOVOS surge arrester accessories
Casing resistant to UV radiation, non-flammable
Maintenance free low voltage surge arresters
All surge arrester accessories are made from corrosion-resistant materials
This service manual document provides instructions for repairing a green product color television:
1) The document describes how to safely discharge the voltage on the anode cap before removing it for repair work.
2) Instructions are provided for removing and replacing the anode cap, including cleaning and ensuring the wire is not twisted during replacement.
3) The manual specifies only using designated replacement parts that maintain the safety characteristics of the original components.
The document provides information on Siemens 3TH30 contactor relays:
1) 3TH30 contactor relays are air break contactors suitable for 10A at 240V AC and 10A at 24V DC that provide reliability and safety in control circuits.
2) They have flexible configurations with up to 8 contacts and mounting options.
3) Features include double break parallel bridge contacts, captive screws, and lugless terminations for improved safety and ease of use.
01. superswitch switch disconnector fuse and din bs fusesangelochintu
The document discusses the Siemens Superswitch 3KL8/3KT8/3KA8 power distribution switch. It has a range from 20A to 1600A and is suitable for applications up to 690V AC. It features self-cleaning moving roller contacts for high reliability over long usage. It also offers high safety, short circuit performance, isolation capabilities, and fuse monitoring options. The Superswitch is designed for applications in industrial and commercial switchboards and motor control centers.
The document discusses moulded case circuit breakers in the TOS2 series. It provides specifications for various models of the TOS2 breaker, including rated currents from 12.5A to 1600A, rated voltages up to 750V, and rated short circuit and service short circuit breaking capacities. It describes the use of TOS2 breakers for distributing electric energy and protecting circuit equipment from overloads and short circuits. It also mentions electronic and motor protection releases available for some TOS2 models.
This document provides specifications for the RS-35 series of 35W single output switching power supplies. It lists 6 models that provide different output voltages ranging from 3.3V to 48V. The power supplies have universal AC input, short circuit and overvoltage protections, and provide well-regulated output voltage with low ripple. Key specifications like output power, current, efficiency and dimensions are provided for each model.
The document discusses medium voltage (MV) switchgear panels and sub-main distribution boards. It provides details on MV panel components, tests conducted, and protection against short circuits and direct/indirect contact. It also includes dimensional details and breaker information for Mirage sub-main distribution boards in 250A, 400A, and 630A sizes. Single-line diagrams and examples show potential layouts and component selection for MV panel construction.
The 9730 Series is a 2 or 4 channel digital delay current generator that provides precise current pulses up to 6 amps per channel. It has high timing resolution of 200 ns and integrated resistance measurement capabilities. Advanced safety features and an easy programming interface make it suitable for applications requiring accuracy and repeatability such as airbag testing.
ABB low voltage surge arresters LOVOS-5 and LOVOS-10 are a new generation of LV surge arresters ensuring electrical protection of overhead lines, electric energy receivers, distributing transformers and low voltage electrical equipment. Specify and install ABB LOVOS type surge arresters to protect low voltage power equipment from the effects of lightning and switching overvoltages.
ABB low voltage surge arrester types LOVOS-5 and LOVOS-10 selection criteria : continuous operating voltage Uc, voltage protection level Up and energy absorption capability.
The ABB LOVOS range provides protection along LV overhead lines, cables, motors, switches, any equipment connected to the line, from the LV side of distribution transformers up to measuring instruments.
Typical places of installation
• low voltage switchgears, distribution transformers (LV side)
• transition points of insulated and uninsulated, overhead and underground lines and cables
• electricity service entrance locations to buildings (in cabinets or at poles)
• at junctions (branching])
• every 500 / 1000 m of overhead line in locations of high lightning activity
• at the end of dead-end feeder line
• at the sealing ends of inserted cables
• at any apparatuses connected to secondary voltage source
ABB Power Products - Low Voltage Capacitators, Low Voltage Surge Arresters, Low Voltage Surge Arresters, Low Voltage Plugs & Sockets ATEX, Medium - High Voltage Fuses (Indoor & Outdoor), Current Transformers, Voltage Transformers, Voltage Surge Arresters, Vacuum Contactors.
1. Betagard 5SX4 miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) have rated breaking capacities up to 10kA and comply with national and international standards with current ratings from 0.5A to 63A.
2. 5SX4 MCBs significantly limit let-through current during faults, providing high protection. They have "C" and "D" tripping characteristics and an average service life of 20,000 operations.
3. 5SX4 MCBs provide selectivity (preventing unnecessary tripping of upstream devices) when used with fuses or other MCBs according to limits specified in the document.
This document provides information on photovoltaic (solar PV) installations, including grid-tied systems. It discusses the components of solar PV systems such as solar panels, combiner boxes, inverters, and switch-disconnectors. It explains that combiner boxes are used to combine arrays from solar panels to achieve a high enough voltage and current for the inverter. Switch-disconnectors are needed to safely disconnect circuits and provide isolation for maintenance. The document also provides guidance on properly selecting and installing fuses and switch-disconnectors.
This document provides specifications for various TOC2 series AC contactors, including:
- Rated working currents from 9A to 620A
- Voltage ratings from 220/230V to 660/690V
- Electrical and mechanical lifespans
- Dimensions and mounting details for models ranging from TOC2-D09 to TOC2-D620
The TOC2 contactors can be used to control AC motors in circuits up to 660VAC 50/60Hz, and are suitable for applications such as making, breaking, starting, and controlling AC motors when combined with auxiliary devices.
Behavioral studies of surge protection componentsjournalBEEI
In our daily life, almost all the items we used, being a computer, television, lift or vehicle we drive consist of some kind of electrical or electronics component inside. The operation of these devices could be severely affected by lightning activity or electrical switching events, as there are more than 2000 thunderstorms in progress at any time resulting in 100 lightning flashes to ground per second. In practice, any device using electricity will subject to surge damages induced from the lightning or switching of heavy load. Surge protection device (SPD) is added at the power distribution panel and critical process loop to prevent damage subsequently cause plant shutdown. There are many questions raised on the SPD. How can this small device protect the equipment from large energy release by the lightning? What is inside the device? How does it work? This paper provides comprehensive detail in revealing the science and engineering behind the SPD, its individual component characteristic and how does it work. The technical information presented is limited to surge protection on equipment; surge protection for building structure will not be discussed here.
The document describes Siemens' 3WT Air Circuit Breaker, a modular circuit breaker that comes in just two frame sizes and covers a broad range of applications up to 66 kA at 500V. The 3WT circuit breaker offers flexibility, ease of use, safety, reliability and efficient protection for power distribution systems in industries and infrastructure projects. It has innovative electronic trip units with displays, standardized processes to ensure high quality, and conforms to international standards and approvals.
The document summarizes a 30W dual output switching power supply. It has two output channels, model D-30A provides 5V and 12V outputs while D-30B provides 5V and 24V outputs. It features protections for short circuits and overloads, uses free air convection for cooling, and has a 1 year warranty.
ABB MV Medium Voltage Transformers - Voltage Transformers VT's
Up to 40.5kV Medium Voltage MV Indoor Transformers VT's
ABB Power Products
ABB MV Medium Voltage Transformers - Voltage Transformer Features
Indoor dry type, cast resin insulated transformers for medium voltages (MV). ABB transformers are suitable for measuring and protection of MV medium voltages with up to 2 secondary windings.
ABB MV Medium Voltage Transformer : Unearthed Double-Pole Voltage Transformer ABB KGUG
ABB KGUG voltage transformer for medium voltage systems has all parts of its primary winding, including terminals, insulated from the earth at a level corresponding to its rated insulation level. ABB KGUG voltage, double-pole insulated transformers are casted in epoxy resin and designed mostly for insulation voltages of 24kV to 36kV.
ABB KGUG Voltage Transformer
ABB MV Medium Voltage Transformer : Indoor Voltage Transformer Double Pole ABB TDC
ABB TDC voltage transformer for medium voltage systems has all parts of its primary winding, including terminals, insulated from the earth at a level corresponding to its rated insulation level . Indoor dry type, cast resin insulated medium voltage (MV) transformer for measuring and protection with up to 2 secondary windings.
ABB TDC Voltage Transformer
ABB MV Indoor Voltage Transformer : Indoor Voltage Transformer ABB TJP
ABB TJP voltage transformer is a single phase voltage transformer which is intended to have one end of its primary winding directly earthed. Indoor dry type, cast resin insulated medium voltage transformer for measuring and protection with up to 2 secondary windings. With or without fuses. Most electrical standards available. Reconnectable MV medium voltage versions available.
ABB TJP Voltage Transformer
ABB MV Indoor Voltage Transformer : Indoor Voltage Transformer Single Pole ABB KGUGI
ABB KGUGI voltage transformer is 36kV indoor dry type, cast resin insulated medium voltage transformers for measuring and protection with up to 2 secondary windings. With or without fuses. Most electrical standards available. Reconnectable versions available.
ABB KGUGI Voltage Transformer
ABB MV Indoor Voltage Transformer : Indoor Voltage Transformer Single Pole ABB TJC
ABB TJC is a single phase voltage transformer which is intended to have one end of its primary winding directly earthed. Indoor dry type, cast resin insulated medium voltage transformer for measuring and protection with up to 2 secondary windings. With or without fuses. Most electrical standards available. Reconnectable MV medium voltage versions available.
This technical data sheet provides specifications and options for an industrial generator. It includes:
1) Details on the voltage regulators, windings, terminals, shaft, insulation, and quality assurance.
2) Ratings for the generator including voltage configurations, kVA ratings, efficiencies, and reactance values.
3) Curves showing efficiency, locked rotor starting, and short circuit performance.
- The document is a price list from Siemens Ltd. for their Betagard electrical installation products effective September 1st, 2016.
- It includes miniature circuit breakers, circuit breakers, isolators, residual current circuit breakers, distribution boards, and other modular devices.
- The price list provides product reference numbers, unit prices, module widths, standard packaging quantities, and specifications for each item.
The LM124/SA534/LM2902 series consists of four independent, high-gain, internally frequency-compensated operational amplifiers designed specifically to operate from a single power supply over a wide range of voltages.
Kewaunee Safety Cabinets are designed and tested to meet NFPA 30 Chapter 9.5.3 and OSHA 29 CFR 1910.106 regulations for flammable storage. They feature 18-gauge double walled steel construction with a 1-1/20 inch air space for fire protection. A variety of cabinet sizes are offered with options for manual, self-closing or bi-fold self-closing doors, along with adjustable shelves and a lockable latching mechanism for safe and secure storage of flammables.
Table for separation distances and containment requirements for tanks nfpa 30...zaheer sajid
This document provides separation distance guidelines for aboveground storage tanks extracted from NFPA 30 2008 Edition. It lists 9 types of tanks and the minimum required separation distances from property lines, tanks of the same or different type, and LP-Gas containers based on tank capacity and pressure. Distances range from 5 to 50 feet depending on the tank type and characteristics.
This document contains a practice exam for API 510 certification. It includes 26 multiple choice questions covering topics like corrosion rates, inspection responsibilities, weld procedures, and non-destructive testing. The answers are provided at the end with references to API and ASME codes. This exam tests an individual's knowledge of pressure vessel inspection, alteration, and repair standards and qualifications.
This document provides an overview of the different types of storage tanks that are commonly found in industrial settings. It describes six primary types: fixed roof tanks, external floating roof tanks, domed external floating roof tanks, internal floating roof tanks, variable vapor space tanks, and pressure tanks. Each type is briefly defined and key identifying features are highlighted to help firefighters identify the different tank types when responding to incidents.
This document provides study suggestions for the API 510 Inspector Certification exam in 6 sections:
1. It recommends downloading the API application and Body of Knowledge document to understand what is covered.
2. The exam consists of 150 multiple choice questions over two 4-hour sessions, with an open-book morning session and closed-book afternoon session.
3. Materials needed include the codes listed by API at the correct revisions. The document provides tips on highlighting codes and understanding their organization.
4. It emphasizes focusing study time on API 510, which contains about 50% of questions, rather than spreading time evenly across materials.
5. It presents the "SUCCESS" mnemonic for an effective study approach
This document provides an overview and summary of a basic training course on petroleum storage tanks. It discusses various tank types including fixed roof tanks, internal floating roof tanks, and floating roof tanks. It covers tank design elements like the structure of the tank bottom and floor, thickness of bottom plates, and attachment of the bottom to the shell. It also addresses tank foundations, including the need for foundations to allow for leak detection. The goals of the training are identified as learning to identify tank types and equipment, understand tank limitations, perform volume calculations, and operate tanks safely.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against developing mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already have a condition.
This document is a dissertation submitted by Kuan, Siew Yeng to the University of Southern Queensland in fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical Engineering) degree. The dissertation focuses on designing a new floating roof tank. It provides background on floating roof tanks, relevant design codes and standards, and discusses design considerations and methods for the shell, roof, fittings and accessories. The goal is to develop basic rules and procedures for designing, constructing and operating floating roof tanks based on a case study.
The document discusses the design of storage tanks. It covers general considerations for tank design codes, types of tanks, selection of tanks, material specifications, and design of various tank components like shells, bottoms, roofs, foundations. It also discusses seismic analysis, anchorage requirements, venting, and floating roof tank accessories. Key aspects covered include allowable stresses and corrosion allowances for materials, thickness calculations using different methods, wind girder design, and anchorage design considering uplift forces.
Chris brooks storage tanks inspection, maintenance and failureSreekumar K S
API 653 tank inspections are important to identify problems and prevent tank failures. Inspections should be conducted by certified inspectors following proper protocols, including visual and ultrasound thickness testing and vacuum testing of floor seams. Tank maintenance includes regular visual inspections, keeping records, and conducting API-653 inspections every five years. Common causes of catastrophic tank failures include improper welding procedures resulting in a lack of weld fusion, not using certified welders, weld deterioration over time, overfilling tanks, and using contractors not qualified to API standards.
This document discusses different types of storage tanks used in refineries and chemical plants. It describes atmospheric storage tanks, which operate at approximately atmospheric pressure, including fixed-roof tanks, floating-roof tanks, and fixed-roof tanks with an internal floating roof. Low-temperature and low-pressure storage tanks are also discussed. Standards for storage tank design include API-650 for atmospheric tanks and API-620 for low-pressure tanks. Floating roof tanks are described as minimizing vapor losses by maintaining a small vapor space or eliminating it completely.
This document provides an introduction and overview of different types of storage tanks. It discusses 8 main types of storage tanks: fixed-roof tanks, external floating roof tanks, internal floating roof tanks, domed external floating roof tanks, horizontal tanks, pressure tanks, variable vapor space tanks, and LNG storage tanks. Each tank type is designed for storing different types of liquids and gases and has distinct features such as floating roofs, fixed roofs, insulation, and sizes that can range from meters to over 100 meters in diameter. The document also discusses containment basins, which storage tanks are often placed inside of to contain spills.
The document discusses different types of storage tanks including open top tanks, fixed roof tanks, and floating roof tanks. It provides details on supported cone roof tanks, self-supporting fixed roof tanks, single deck and double deck floating roof tanks, and internal floating roof tanks. Key parts and accessories for floating roof tanks are described such as the roof seal system, support legs, roof drain systems, and vents. Standards for storage tanks like API 650 and 653 are also mentioned.
This document provides information about an 8-day certification preparation course for the API 510 Pressure Vessel Inspector exam. The course includes classroom instruction, study of codes and standards, practice problems, quizzes and a mock exam. Participants must have experience in pressure vessel design, construction, repair, operation or inspection. The course fee is RM3,000 but does not include the optional API exam fee of USD900.
The document provides an overview of petroleum storage tank training, covering topics such as:
- Tank design types including fixed roof, internal floating roof, and floating roof tanks
- Selection of tank type based on product properties and volatility
- Tank structure including bottom/floor design, bottom and shell plates, and foundation types
- Stability calculations and anchor requirements for withstanding wind loads
- Tank inspection and safety procedures
The training aims to identify tank components, understand tank limitations, perform calculations, and operate tanks safely.
This document summarizes hazard/risk category classifications for various electrical tasks. It lists common tasks done on energized equipment and the required personal protective equipment, including voltage-rated gloves and tools. The tasks range from simple operations like breaker testing to more complex work like opening energized panel covers. It provides classifications for panelboards, motor control centers, switchgear, transformers and other equipment rated up to 8.2 kV. Notes explain assumptions about equipment ratings and fault clearing times used to determine the hazard classifications.
This document provides an introduction to medium voltage (MV) equipment, including key concepts such as:
- Voltage levels including operating voltage, rated voltage, insulation levels, and derating factors
- Current levels including operating current, short circuit current, and thermal withstand current
- Frequency standards of 50Hz and 60Hz
- Types of MV switchgear including air insulated switchgear, metal enclosed, compartmented, and block types
- Standards that MV switchgear must comply with such as IEC 62271
- Main functions of switchgear including protection, isolation, and control
- Comparison of SF6 and vacuum circuit breaker technologies
The document concisely covers the essential electrical concepts and specifications
This document provides a service manual for the Sharp Corporation Color Television Chassis No. GB-3U (1W). It includes important safety precautions for working with high voltages, as well as specifications, schematic diagrams, and parts lists to service the television. Safety guidelines include keeping high voltage below maximum levels, using shatterproof goggles when working with picture tubes, and performing leakage current checks before returning the television to users.
This document provides guidance on designing medium voltage switchgear. It discusses key considerations like voltage, current, frequency, and switchgear functions. It also covers short-circuit power calculations, determining short-circuit currents from transformers, generators and motors. Guidelines are provided on busbar calculations for thermal withstand, electrodynamic withstand and intrinsic resonant frequency. Other topics include dielectric withstand, part shapes and distances, and protection indexes. The document aims to provide design rules and calculation methods to help engineers properly size and select equipment for medium voltage switchboards.
This document provides technical data on LV switchgear products from Alfanar including:
- Circuit breakers from Teraski for applications up to 6300A with short circuit ratings of 100kA/1s or 50kA/3s.
- MCCBs and MCBs from Teraski for applications up to 1600A and 125A respectively.
- Switchboards can be designed to IEC 61439-2 standards with IP65 protection, internal arc testing up to 65kA, and seismic withstand of 8 on the Richter scale.
AC High voltage Air Break Disconnector Switch Routine Test According to IEC 6...Ali Sepehri
AC High voltage Air Break Disconnector Switch Routine Test According to IEC 62271-102 Standard
Article 9(09.10.2018) direct link: https://lnkd.in/gX_aVqq
This service manual provides instructions for repairing a portable minidisc player. It outlines safety precautions for working on laser products, including that the laser unit is not serviceable and must be replaced as a whole if malfunctioning. Disassembly and adjustment methods are described, along with maintenance of the laser pickup and its replacement. The functions of major integrated circuits are also outlined.
1. The document describes the KYN61-36 air-insulated metal-clad withdrawable switchgear. It is a modular switchgear panel designed for medium voltage power distribution. Key features include its withdrawable vacuum circuit breaker, IP4X enclosure, interlock safety systems, and compartmentalized design for busbars, circuit breakers, cables, and low voltage components.
2. The switchgear complies with relevant standards and is suitable for indoor installation. It has a modular structure that allows for flexible configuration with circuit breakers, transformers, fuses, and other equipment.
3. Detailed sections describe the switchgear's components, including the circuit breaker compartment, withdrawable circuit
The document discusses various electrical safety topics including:
1) Ensuring proper clearances for overhead and underground electrical lines at the beginning of a site.
2) Checking temporary power panels and lights are properly installed, labeled, and circuits separated.
3) The differences between GFCIs and circuit breakers, with GFCIs required for temporary power protection.
4) Guidelines for proper extension cord usage including required gauges and prohibited uses.
5) Lockout/tagout procedures for controlling permanent power energization and requirements for energized work.
Substation design involves considering many factors to ensure safety, reliability, maintainability and the ability to expand the system over time. Key components in a substation include circuit breakers, transformers, busbars, isolators, current and potential transformers, surge arrestors, shunt reactors, and capacitors. The functions of this equipment include switching, voltage transformation, power transfer, protection, insulation and surge protection. Associated systems that support substation function include earthing systems, lighting, protection relays, control cables, and fire suppression systems.
Siemens ,
Catalog Thiết Bị Điện Siemens , Catalog Thiết Tự Động
Catalog Phụ Kiện Siemens , Catalog Phụ Kiện,
Catalog Siemens , Catalog,
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Chi tiết các sản phẩm khác của Siemens tại https://dienhathe.com
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Để nhận báo giá sản phẩm Siemens vui lòng gọi: 0907.764.966
Live-line maintenance involves maintaining electrical equipment while energized and can be performed using hotstick or barehand techniques. The history of live-line tools began in 1916 with the introduction of electrical hooks for tapping energized circuits. Over time, live-line tools evolved and were accepted for higher voltages, from 34kV initially up to 345-769kV today. Live-line maintenance requires following safety precautions like calculating minimum approach distances, using protective clothing and equipment, and having multiple workers present for high voltage work.
Live-line maintenance involves maintaining electrical equipment while energized and includes barehand and hotstick techniques. Historically, live-line tools were introduced in 1916 and fiberglass poles in 1959, allowing work on higher voltages. Key terms include barehand technique (worker at conductor potential), hotstick technique (worker grounded), and minimum approach distance. Workers are positioned using insulated booms and ladders to maintain the minimum distance. Different maintenance methods include helicopter and climbing/swinging. General precautions include calculating distances, coordinating protection, using eye protection for arcs, having multiple workers, and postponing for weather.
Data Teknis Gossen Metrawatt Insulation Tester METRISO PROPT. Siwali Swantika
Pemesanan produk, hubungi PT Siwali Swantika melalui WhatsApp, Jakarta : 0811-1519-949 (chat only) | Surabaya : 0811-1519-948 (chat only). Kunjungi website kami di www.siwali.com, untuk detail informasi spesifikasi dan model alat.
NFPA 70E is a standard that covers electrical safety in the workplace. It addresses hazards like arc flash and provides guidelines for hazard analysis, personal protective equipment, and safe work practices. The standard requires justification for working on energized equipment and that equipment be de-energized whenever possible. It also provides definitions for terms like arc flash, incident energy, and flash protection boundary. Employers must conduct arc flash hazard analyses before work is done and select appropriate PPE based on incident energy calculations. Following NFPA 70E helps protect workers and reduces injuries, downtime, fines and liability from electrical accidents.
This document discusses arc flash hazards and NFPA 70E standards for electrical safety. It provides the following key points:
1. Arc flashes produce extremely high temperatures that can cause severe burns and pressure waves. Following NFPA 70E standards helps protect workers from arc flash injuries.
2. NFPA 70E requires hazard analyses to determine shock, flash boundaries and personal protective equipment requirements. Employers must implement electrical safety programs, train workers, and ensure only qualified personnel work on live equipment.
3. Analyses consider incident energy levels, fault currents and clearing times to determine appropriate protective boundaries and PPE. Proper work procedures and well-maintained equipment help prevent arc flash incidents.
The document provides operating instructions for AF 400, AF 460, AF 580, AF 750 contactors. It can be controlled by either switching voltage on terminals A1 and A2, or through separate logic control signals from a PLC. Control with logic signals requires switch S1 to be in position A and a steady supply voltage. The minimum pulse length for opening and closing is 7ms. Warnings are provided to only have work done by a qualified electrician and not to touch live parts.
The document discusses various types of tests conducted on isolators, bushings, cables, and circuit breakers. Key tests include:
1. Power frequency and impulse voltage withstand tests to check the insulation strength of isolators, bushings, and cables.
2. Partial discharge and tan delta tests to evaluate insulation condition and dielectric losses.
3. Short circuit tests on circuit breakers to check their ability to safely interrupt fault currents under different voltage and current conditions.
4. Other tests include temperature rise, mechanical endurance, and measurement of electrical characteristics.
The document discusses electrical safety rules for substations. It provides 6 key rules: (1) ensuring clearance from energized parts, (2) maintaining a minimum height of energized parts from the ground, (3) providing sufficient illumination, (4) ensuring wide and clear passageways and evacuation routes, (5) proper grounding of all metallic structures, and (6) marking exits clearly. It also discusses important points for a safe work environment, such as using safety equipment, checking faulty equipment, and ensuring only competent workers perform electrical tasks. The document further explains components like lightening arresters, instrument transformers, power transformers, disconnectors, and circuit breakers.
Fire Pump Short Circuit and WIC ConsiderationsJames S Nasby
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Short Circuit and WIC Considerations for Motor Driven Fire Pump and Other Motor Controllers.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
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This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
1. 130.7 ARTICLE 130
(9) Selection of Personal Protective Equipment When
Required for Various Tasks. Where selected in lieu of the
ffi analysis of 130.3(ffi)(1), Table 130.7(C)(9)
shall be used to determine the hazardlrisk category ffi
The assumed
maximum short-circuit current capacities and maximum
fault clearing times for various tasks are listed in the notes
FPN No. 3: ffi circuit parts
that operate at less than 50 volts w to be de-
energized to satisfy an "electrically safe work condition."
Consideration should be given to the capacity of the source,
any overcurTent protection between the energy source and
the worker, and whether the work task related to the source
operating at less than 50 volts increases exposure to elec-
trical burns or to explosion from an electric arc.
Thble 130.7(C)(9) Hazard/Risk Categorf- Crrsdficatbm and Us€ of Rubber Insulating Gloves and Insulated
and Insulating Hand Tools
Hazard/Risk Rubber Insulating Insulated and
Tasks Performed on Energiz.ed F4uipment Category Gloves Insulating Hand Tools
Panelboards or Other Equipment Rated 240 V and Below
Note L
-
Perform infrared thermography and other non-contact
inspections outside the restricted approach boundary
Circuit breaker (CB) or fused switch operation with covers on 0 N N
CB or fused switch operation with covers off 0 N N
Work on energized electrical conductors and circuit parts, I Y Y
including voltage testing
Remove/install CBs or fused switches 1 Y Y
Removal ofbolted covers (to expose bare, energized electrical I N N
conductors and circuit parts)
Opening hinged covers (to expose bare, energized electrical 0 N N
conductors and circuit parts)
Work on energized electrical conductors and circuit parts of
utilization equipment fed directly by a branch circuit of the
panelboard
Panelboards or Switchboards Rated >240 V and up to
600 V (wi0r molded case or insulated case circuit breakers)
Note 1
-
Perform infrared thermography and other non-contact inspections N N
outside the restricted approach boundary
CB or fused switch operation with covers on N N
70E-30 ELECTRICAL SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACE 2OO9 Edition
2. ARTICLE 130 r30.7
Table 130.7(CX9) Continued
HazardlRisk Rubber Insulating Insulated and
Tasks Performed on Energized Equipment Category Gloves Insulating Hand Tools
CB or fused switch operation with covers off I Y N
Work on energized electrical conductors and circuit parts, 2* Y Y
including voltage testing
Work on energized electrical conductors and circuit parts of 2* Y Y
utilization equipment fed directly by a branch circuit of the
panelboard or switchboard
600 V Class Motor Control Centers (MCCs) Note 2
(except as indicated) -
Perform infrared thermography and other non-contact I
inspections outside the restricted approach boundary
CB or fused switch or starter operation with enclosure doors 0
closed
Reading a panel meter while operating a meter switch 0
CB or fused switch or starter operation with enclosure doors open 1
Work on energized electrical conductors and circuit parts,
including voltage testing
Work on control circuits with energized electrical conductors and 0
circuit parts 120 V or below, exposed
.,,*
Work on control circuits with energized electrical conductors and
circuit parts >120 Y exposed
Insertion or removal of individual starter "buckets" from MCC 1
Note 3
-
Application of safety grounds, after voltage test ')*
Removal ofbolted covers (to expose bare, energized electrical +
conductors and circuit parts) Note 3
-
Opening hinged covers (to expose bare, energized elecffical I
conductors and circuit parts) Note 3
-
Work on energized elecfrical conductors and circuit parts of 2*
utilization equipment fed directly by a branch cfucuit of the
motor contol center
6fi) V Class Switchgear (with power circuit breakers or fused
switches) Note 4
-
Perform infrared thermography and other non-contact inspections 2
outside the restricted approach boundary
CB or fused switch operation with enclosure doors closed 0
Reading a panel meter while operating a meter switch 0
CB or fused switch operation with enclosure doors open I
Work on energized electrical conductors and circuit parts,
including voltage testing
Work on control circuits with energized electical conductors and 0
circuit pars 120 V or below, exposed
Work on control circuits with energized electrical conductors and 2*
circuit parts >120 V exposed
(continues)
2OO9 Edition ELECTRICAL SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACE 70E-31
3. 130.7 ARTICLE I3O-
Table 130.7(C)(9) Continued
Hazard/Risk Rubber Insulating Insulated and
Tasks Performed on Energized Equipment Category Gloves Insulating Hand Tools
Insertion or removal (racking) of CBs from cubicles, doors +
open or closed
Application of safety grounds, after voltage test
Removal of bolted covers (to expose bare, energized electrical 4
conductors and circuit parts)
Opening hinged covers (to expose bare, energized electrical
conductors and circuit parts)
Other 600 Y Class (277 V through 6fi) V, nominal)
Equipment Note 2 (except as indicated)
-
Lighting or small power transformers (600 V, maximum)
Removal of bolted covers (to expose bare, energized electri- 2*
cal conductors and circuit parts)
Opening hinged covers (to expose bare, energized electrical 1
conductors and circuit parts)
Work on energized electrical conductors and circuit parts,
including voltage testing
Application of safety grounds, after voltage test 2*
Revenue meters (kW-hour, at primar,v voltage and current) In- 2*
sertion or removal
Cable trough or tray cover removal or installation 1
Miscellaneous equipment cover removal or installation I
Work on energized electrical conductors and circuit parts, in- 2*
cluding voltage testing
Application of safety grounds, after voltage test 2>k
Insertion or removal of plug-in devices into or from busways 2*
NEMA E2 (fused contactor) Motor Starters, 2.3 kV
Through 7.2kY
Perform infrared thermography and other non-contact inspec-
tions outside the restricted approach boundary
Contactor operation with enclosure doors closed 0
Reading a panel meter while operating a meter switch 0
Contactor operation with enclosure doors open
Work on energized, electrical conductors and circuit parts, in- 4
cluding voltage testing
Work on control circuits with energized electrical conductors 0
and circuit parts 120 V or below, exposed
Work on control circuits with energized electrical conductors J
and circuit parts >120 V, exposed
Insertion or removal (racking) of starters from cubicles, doors
open or closed
Application of safety grounds, after voltage test
708-32 ELECTRICAL SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACE 2OO9 Edition
4. ARTICLE l3O
-
Table 130.7(CX9) Continued
llazard./Risk Rubber Insulating Insulated and
Tasks Performed on Energized Equipment Category Gloves Insulating Hand Tools
Removal of bolted covers (to expose bare, energized 4 N N
electrical conductors and circuit parts)
Opening hinged covers (to expose bare, energized electrical J N N
conductors and circuit parts)
Insertion or removal (racking) of starters from cubicles of 0 N N
arc-resistant construction, tested in accordance with IEEE
C37.20.7, doors closed only
Metal Clad Switchgear, 1 kV Through 38 kV
Perform infrared thermography and other non-contact
inspections outside the restricted approach boundary
CB operation with enclosure doors closed
Reading a panel meter while operating a meter switch
CB operation with enclosure doors open
Work on energized electrical conductors and circuit parts,
including voltage testing
Work on control circuits with energized electrical conductors
and circuit parts 120 V or below, exposed
Work on control circuits with energized electrical conductors
and circuit parts >120 V, exposed
Insertion or removal (racking) of CBs from cubicles, doors
open or closed
Application of safety grounds, after voltage test
Removal of bolted covers (to expose bare, energized
electrical conductors and circuit parts)
Opening hinged covers (to expose bare, energized electrical
conductors and circuit parts)
Opening voltage transformer or control power transformer
compartments
Arc-Resistant Switchgear TVpe 1 or 2 (for clearing times
of <0.5 sec with a perspective fault current not to
exceed the arc resistant rating of the equipment)
CB operation with enclosure door closed
Insertion or removal (racking) of CBs from cubicles, doors
closed
Insertion or removal of CBs from cubicles with door open
Work on control circuits with energized electrical conductors
and circuit parts 120 V or below, exposed
Insertion or removal (racking) of ground and test device
with door closed
Insertion or removal (racking) of voltage transformers on or
off the bus door closed
(continues)
2OO9 Edition ELECTzuCAL SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACE 708-33
5. 130.7 ARTICLEl3o-Wffi#
Tabfe 130.7(CX9) Continued
Hazard./Risk Rubber Insulating Insulated and
Tasks Performed on Energized Equipment Category Gloves lnsulating Hand Tools
Other Equipment I kV Through 38 kY
Metal-enclosed intemrpter switchgear, fused or unfused
Switch operation of arc-resistant-type construction, tested in N
accordance with IEEE C37.20.7, doors closed only
Switch operation, doors closed N
Work on energized electrical conductors and circuit parts, Y
including voltage testing
Removal of bolted covers (to expose bare, energized N
electrical conductors and circuit parts)
Opening hinged covers (to expose bare, energized electrical N N
conductors and circuit parts)
Outdoor disconnect switch operation (hookstick operated) 3 Y Y
Outdoor disconnect switch operation (gang-operated, from 2 Y N
grade)
Insulated cable examination, in manhole o1 6ther confined space 4 Y N
hsulated cable examination, in open area 2 Y N
General Notes (applicable to the entire table):
(a) Rubber insulating gloves are gloves rated for the maximum line-to-line voltage upon which work will be
done.
(b) Insulated and insulating hand tools are tools rated and tested for the marimum line-to-line voltage uporl
which work will be done. and are manufactured and tested in accordance gith ASTM F 1505, Standard
Specification for Insulated and Insulating Hand Tools.
(c) Y = yes (required), N = no (not required).
(d) For systems rated less than 1000 volts. the fault currents aad upstream protective device clearing times
are based on an 18 in. working distance.
(e) For systems rated 1 kV and greater, the Hazard/Risk Categories are based on a 36 in. working distance.
(f) For equipment protected by upstream current limiting fuses with arcing fault current in their current
limiting range (Vz cycle fault clearing time or less), the hazard,/risk category required may be reduced by one
number.
Specific Notes (as referenced in the table):
1. Maximum of 25 kA short circuit current available; maximum of 0.03 sec (2 cycle) fault clearing time.
2. Maximum of 65 kA short circuit current available; maximum of 0.03 sec (2 cycle) fault clearing time.
3. Maximum of 42kA short circuit current available; maximum of 0.33 sec (20 cycle) fault clearing time.
4. Maximum of 35 kA short circuit current available; maximum of up to 0.5 sec (30 cycle) fault clearing
tlme.
(10) Protective Clothing and Personal Protective FPN No. 1: See Annex H for a suggested simplified ap-
Equipment Matrix. Once the HazardlRisk Category has proach to ensure adequate PPE for electrical workers within
facilities with large and diverse electrical systems.
been identified #$Btr* Table 130.7(CX9) ffiffiffi,"Ii FPN No. 2: The PPE requirements of this section are in-
Tubl"
tended to protect a person from arc flash and shock hazards.
130.7(CX10) shall be used to determine the required PPE
While some situations could result in burns to the skin,
for the task. Table 130.7(CX10) lists the requirements for even with the protection described in Table 130.7(C)(10),
protective clothing and other protective equipment based burn injury should be reduced and survivable. Due to the
on HazardlRisk Category numbers 0 through 4. This cloth- explosive effect of some arc events, physical trauma inju-
ries could occur. The PPE requirements of this section do
ing and equipment shall be used when working within the not address protection against physical trauma other than
Arc Flash Protection Boundary. exposure to the thermal effects of an arc flash.
708-34 ELECTRICAL SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACE 2OO9 Edition