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“NewWritingandReporting”
Saima Ikhlaq
Media Studies
BS III 1st Semester
Course: News writing and workshop
Course Incharge: Sir Sohail
Topic: News values
‫ے‬ ‫ہ‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫چ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ج‬‫کو‬ ‫الع‬‫ط‬‫ا‬ ‫سی‬‫ک‬ ‫ی‬ ‫حاف‬‫ص‬ ‫ک‬ ‫ی‬‫ا‬ ‫سے‬ ‫س‬ ‫ج‬‫ے‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫زاوی‬ ‫وہ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬‫خ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫اق‬
‫ں‬ ‫ی‬‫ہ‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ی‬‫ے‬ ‫ہ‬‫ق‬‫ئ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫کے‬ ‫ے‬ ‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬‫خ‬‫الع‬‫ط‬‫ا‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ی‬‫ا‬ ‫آی‬ ‫کہ‬.‫حاف‬‫ص‬ ‫ک‬ ‫ی‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ب‬‫خ‬‫دار‬ ‫اق‬ ‫ی‬
‫ے‬ ‫ہ‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ک‬‫س‬ ‫گا‬‫ل‬ ‫دازہ‬ ‫ای‬ ‫کا‬ ‫ت‬‫م‬ ‫ی‬‫ق‬ ‫و‬ ‫در‬ ‫ق‬‫کی‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬‫خ‬‫اس‬ ‫عے‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ذر‬ ‫کے‬.
News Values ‫خبر‬ ‫اقدار‬
Timelessness ‫زمانی‬ ‫قربت‬
 ‫ے‬‫ہ‬ ‫در‬‫ق‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫کی‬ ‫اس‬‫ر‬‫ص‬‫ن‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫گی‬‫ز‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬.‫پ‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ی‬‫چ‬ ‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ش‬‫ن‬‫کو‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ر‬
‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ھ‬‫ک‬‫ر‬‫ت‬‫می‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ل‬ ‫کے‬ ‫اری‬‫ق‬ ‫ی‬‫وہ‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ک‬ ‫ع‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫ش‬.‫ر‬‫ق‬‫کی‬ ‫ار‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ان‬‫م‬‫ز‬‫ت‬‫ب‬24
‫مدت‬‫کی‬ ‫اس‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ل‬ ‫کے‬‫ی‬‫و‬‫ی‬‫ن‬ ‫کہ‬ ‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ی‬‫ھ‬‫گ‬5‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫کی‬ ‫ٹ‬‫می‬.‫ر‬‫دپ‬
‫ک‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫وہ‬‫گر‬‫م‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ک‬‫ش‬ ‫و‬‫ہ‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫ش‬ ‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ش‬‫ن‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫صورت‬‫کی‬ ‫ے‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫ر‬‫پ‬ ٖ‫ا‬‫ب‬‫م‬ ‫اور‬‫ی‬‫ڑ‬‫پ‬
‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ک‬‫ش‬‫ن‬‫ب‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫کن‬.
 ‫ال‬‫ب‬‫م‬:‫ئ‬‫ک‬ ‫سوس‬‫ح‬‫م‬ ‫کے‬‫ب‬‫ھ‬‫ج‬‫کے‬‫زلزلے‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ور‬‫الہ‬‫اس‬‫اگر‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫گ‬ ‫ے‬
‫اد‬‫اق‬‫کی‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫ے‬‫ان‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ک‬ ‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫ر‬‫ش‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫پ‬‫کو‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ے‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫م‬‫ک‬ ‫ت‬‫ب‬
‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫طرہ‬‫خ‬‫ھی‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫ان‬‫ص‬‫ق‬‫ئ‬ ‫ھ‬‫ات‬‫ش‬‫کے‬.‫ج‬‫از‬‫د‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫کو‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ک‬‫ت‬‫عوام‬‫لد‬
‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ل‬ ‫کے‬ ‫ار‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫اور‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ی‬‫چ‬‫ر‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ات‬‫چ‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬.
Proximity ‫مکانی‬ ‫قربت‬
 ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ان‬‫ک‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ق‬‫در‬‫ق‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫دوسری‬‫کی‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ار‬‫د‬‫اق‬.‫وا‬‫واال‬‫ے‬‫آن‬‫ش‬‫ی‬‫پ‬‫ا‬‫آت‬‫کہ‬‫وع‬‫وق‬‫اردگرد‬‫عہ‬‫ق‬
‫ث‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫ی‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫ح‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ل‬ ‫کے‬ ‫ں‬‫لوگو‬‫کے‬ ‫اردگرد‬‫م‬‫ک‬ ‫از‬‫م‬‫ک‬ ‫ا‬‫ت‬‫وا‬‫ہ‬ ‫ر‬‫ذپ‬‫ت‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬.
 ‫ال‬‫ب‬‫م‬:2010‫ک‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫آت‬‫الب‬‫ب‬‫س‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ان‬‫ب‬‫س‬‫ک‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ٹ‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫پ‬‫ی‬‫ان‬‫ب‬‫س‬
‫ڑ‬‫سےپ‬‫ب‬‫س‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ی‬‫ل‬ ‫کے‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ڈ‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ک‬‫ت‬‫رو‬‫کب‬‫ب‬‫ال‬‫اور‬‫کہ‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ھی‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ی‬
‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫ان‬‫طوق‬ ‫اور‬‫الب‬‫ب‬‫س‬‫ھی‬‫ت‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ی‬‫چ‬ ‫طرف‬‫دوسری‬‫سلہ‬
‫ان‬‫ب‬‫س‬‫ک‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫سے‬‫ہ‬‫وج‬ ‫کی‬ ‫ی‬‫ان‬‫ک‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ق‬‫گر‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ھ‬‫ت‬‫اری‬‫ج‬‫کی‬ ‫الب‬‫ب‬‫س‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬
‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫روں‬‫ب‬‫خ‬ ‫ن‬‫رب‬‫پ‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫اسے‬‫اور‬‫لی‬‫م‬‫ی‬‫ان‬‫ر‬‫ذپ‬‫ت‬‫کو‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ک‬ ‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ش‬
‫ا‬‫ب‬‫گ‬.
Impact ‫اثرات‬
 ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬ ‫ق‬‫ت‬‫ال‬‫کے‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ی‬‫پ‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ڑی‬‫پ‬‫وہ‬ ‫وں‬‫ہ‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اپ‬‫کے‬ ‫ات‬‫ع‬‫ال‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ج‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫اس‬ ‫اور‬
‫پ‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫کی‬ ‫ٹ‬‫ج‬‫ب‬‫سے‬‫ی‬‫چ‬ ‫و‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ل‬‫چ‬‫ل‬‫ہ‬
‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬ ‫گوں‬ ‫لو‬‫سے‬‫ے‬‫آن‬‫کے‬‫کی‬ ‫زل‬‫ڈپ‬‫اور‬‫رول‬‫ب‬
‫ڑی‬‫پ‬‫سے‬ ‫ہ‬‫وج‬‫کی‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اپ‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫و‬‫اور‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫دپ‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫کی‬ ‫ہ‬‫اف‬‫اض‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫وں‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ی‬‫ق‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ی‬‫پ‬‫ں‬‫رب‬‫ب‬‫خ‬.
 ‫ال‬‫ب‬‫م‬:‫ی‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫لی‬‫ع‬‫خ‬‫کے‬‫سود‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫ہللا‬‫ب‬‫ی‬‫ق‬‫ئ‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫لے‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ق‬‫م‬‫س‬
‫ل‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ع‬‫ے‬‫اوران‬‫م‬‫کو‬ ‫اد‬‫ر‬‫اق‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ک‬ ‫لے‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫سے‬‫ے‬‫ان‬‫ج‬‫ارے‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ک‬ ‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ق‬ ‫ت‬
‫س‬‫ے‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫رل‬‫واپ‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫کی‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫پ‬‫ا‬‫ڈت‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫سو‬‫گر‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫گ‬‫ک‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ورے‬‫ت‬‫ے‬
‫ی‬‫ت‬‫گ‬ ‫ن‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ڑی‬‫پ‬‫ک‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫سے‬‫س‬‫ج‬‫وا‬‫ہ‬‫ر‬‫اپ‬‫ا‬‫ک‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫پ‬.
controversy ‫تصادم‬
 ‫د‬‫ی‬‫ان‬‫س‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫کہ‬‫وت‬‫ت‬‫ک‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ازعہ‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ت‬ ‫ادم‬‫ص‬‫ئ‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫ق‬‫ن‬‫رب‬‫پ‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬ ‫اور‬‫ک‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫کی‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫کی‬ ‫ازعے‬‫ب‬‫ب‬ ‫اغ‬‫م‬
‫ات‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ک‬ ‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ش‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ڑی‬‫پ‬‫اسے‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ی‬‫ل‬ ‫اس‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ات‬‫وہ‬‫وج‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬.‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫اس‬
‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ش‬‫ھی‬‫ت‬‫ات‬‫ع‬‫از‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ی‬‫خ‬‫ب‬‫ار‬‫ت‬(‫ر‬‫مب‬‫کش‬ ‫لہ‬‫ب‬‫س‬‫م‬)
 ‫ال‬‫س‬‫م‬:‫ازعے‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ی‬‫خ‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫کے‬‫ان‬‫ب‬‫س‬‫ک‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫اور‬ ‫ارت‬‫ھ‬‫ت‬‫سے‬‫ہ‬‫وج‬ ‫کی‬
‫ص‬‫ئ‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫کو‬ ‫ات‬‫ع‬‫ق‬‫وا‬ ‫ن‬‫ی‬‫پ‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫کے‬‫کوں‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫وں‬‫دوت‬‫ان‬‫ا‬‫ات‬‫ج‬ ‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ک‬ ‫ور‬
‫ت‬‫رو‬‫کب‬‫ب‬‫ال‬‫اور‬‫ٹ‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫پ‬‫چ‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫ا‬‫ڈت‬‫ات‬‫اور‬‫ان‬‫ب‬‫س‬‫ک‬‫ا‬‫ت‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ڈت‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ک‬
‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ات‬‫ج‬ ‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ک‬ ‫ار‬‫م‬‫ش‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬ ‫ڑی‬‫ےپ‬‫ئ‬‫ل‬ ‫کے‬.
Magnitude ‫مقدار‬
 ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ش‬‫ھی‬‫ت‬‫صر‬‫ن‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫اد‬‫د‬‫ع‬‫ئ‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬ ‫روں‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬.‫ے‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫ادہ‬‫زت‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ک‬ ‫اد‬‫د‬‫ع‬‫ئ‬‫ھی‬‫ت‬‫سے‬
‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ڑت‬‫پ‬‫ر‬‫اپ‬‫ر‬‫پ‬‫روں‬‫ب‬‫خ‬.‫ئ‬‫مر‬‫ک‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫لب‬‫م‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ال‬‫ب‬‫ی‬‫س‬‫ہ‬ ‫سی‬‫ک‬ ‫اگر‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫وہ‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ہ‬ ‫ل‬‫ج‬‫دا‬‫ض‬
‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫اسے‬‫اد‬‫د‬‫ع‬‫ئ‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ث‬‫ک‬ ‫کی‬ ‫وں‬‫ص‬‫ئ‬‫مر‬‫ان‬‫گر‬‫م‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬.
 ‫ال‬‫ب‬‫م‬:‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ور‬‫ت‬‫ل‬‫او‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬ ‫حہ‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ش‬200‫سے‬‫آگ‬ ‫اد‬‫ر‬‫اق‬‫ادہ‬‫زت‬‫سے‬
‫لوگوں‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫اد‬‫د‬‫ع‬‫ئ‬‫ڑے‬‫پ‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ے‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫الک‬‫ہ‬‫کر‬ ‫لس‬‫ھ‬‫ج‬‫اموات‬‫کی‬
‫ا‬‫ات‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫اسے‬‫ے‬‫ن‬.
Prominence ‫عرفی‬ ‫حیثیت‬
 ‫ج‬‫ن‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫وہ‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ہ‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ش‬‫ت‬‫صی‬‫خ‬‫ش‬‫ہور‬‫ش‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ی‬‫کون‬ ‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ان‬.‫کہ‬‫وت‬‫ت‬‫ک‬
‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ھ‬‫ک‬‫ر‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫ح‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬ ‫روں‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ڑی‬‫ج‬‫سے‬ ‫ت‬‫صی‬‫خ‬‫ش‬‫اس‬‫لوگ‬.
 ‫ال‬‫ب‬‫م‬:‫ن‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫را‬‫اہ‬‫ر‬‫پ‬‫کو‬ ‫ادی‬‫ش‬‫کی‬ ‫وڑے‬‫ج‬‫ی‬‫اہ‬‫ش‬‫وی‬‫ات‬‫ط‬‫ر‬‫پ‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ک‬ ‫ر‬‫ش‬
‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ات‬‫ج‬.‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ان‬‫ج‬‫دی‬‫ج‬‫کورب‬ ‫ا‬‫ڈت‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ھر‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫د‬ ‫اسے‬‫اور‬‫اسے‬ ‫اور‬
‫ت‬‫ی‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫کی‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫کہ‬‫وت‬‫ت‬‫ک‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ات‬‫ج‬ ‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ک‬ ‫صور‬‫ئ‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫اں‬‫ات‬‫م‬‫ن‬.
Currency ‫تعدد‬
 ‫ت‬‫س‬‫ح‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫لوگوں‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ی‬‫ل‬ ‫کے‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ج‬‫کو‬ ‫س‬‫ج‬ ‫الع‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫سی‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ے‬‫ان‬‫ج‬ ‫ا‬‫ات‬‫ت‬‫سس‬‫ح‬‫ب‬ ‫اور‬‫ی‬.
‫ی‬‫پ‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫وں،اس‬‫ہ‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫د‬‫مزت‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬ ‫ارے‬‫ت‬‫کے‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫اس‬‫لوگ‬‫الع‬‫ط‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ر‬‫ش‬
‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫الن‬‫کہ‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬
 ‫ال‬‫ب‬‫م‬:‫ک‬ ‫ھی‬‫ت‬‫اہ‬‫گ‬‫ئ‬‫کڑی‬ ‫کی‬ ‫گوں‬ ‫لو‬‫ر‬‫پ‬‫س‬‫ی‬‫ک‬ ‫امہ‬‫ات‬‫ت‬‫اس‬‫وہ‬ ‫کہ‬‫وت‬‫ت‬
‫ک‬ ‫اس‬‫ھے‬‫ت‬ ‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ج‬ ‫د‬‫مزت‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ارے‬‫ت‬‫کے‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫کے‬‫س‬‫ی‬
‫کی‬ ‫ار‬‫م‬‫ش‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫الع‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ہ‬‫والی‬ ‫ے‬‫آن‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ارے‬‫ت‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫گ‬.
Novelty or Oddity ‫ندرت‬
 ‫کردے‬ ‫ان‬‫ر‬‫خب‬‫کو‬ ‫لوگوں‬‫و‬‫ج‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫الع‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ھون‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫سی‬‫ن‬‫ا‬.‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫درت‬‫ت‬‫اور‬‫ن‬‫ب‬‫ا‬
‫ے‬‫ہ‬ ‫ا‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ہ‬‫ث‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫ی‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫ح‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫کی‬ ‫لوگوں‬ ‫وہ‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ہ‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ش‬ ‫صر‬‫ن‬‫ع‬.‫س‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ک‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫لے‬ ‫اٹ‬‫ک‬ ‫کو‬ ‫ان‬
‫ے‬‫ہ‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ڑئ‬‫پ‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬‫لے‬‫اٹ‬‫ک‬ ‫کو‬ ‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ک‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫گر‬‫م‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ڑی‬‫پ‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬.
 ‫ال‬‫ب‬‫م‬:‫ت‬‫ک‬ ‫سے‬‫ہ‬‫وج‬ ‫کی‬ ‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ھ‬‫ک‬ ‫م‬‫ی‬‫گ‬ ‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ہ‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫وں‬‫وات‬‫وج‬‫ت‬‫مر‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ک‬ ‫ی‬
‫لی‬‫ر‬‫ک‬ ‫ی‬‫س‬‫ک‬‫ود‬‫ج‬‫ے‬‫ن‬.‫س‬‫ک‬‫ود‬‫ج‬ ‫ٹ‬‫گ‬‫ار‬‫ت‬‫ری‬‫آج‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬ ‫م‬‫ی‬‫گ‬‫ا‬‫ڈت‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫ھی‬‫ت‬‫ی‬
‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ل‬ ‫کے‬‫لوگوں‬ ‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫کہ‬‫وت‬‫ت‬‫ک‬ ‫ی‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫ہور‬‫ش‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ھی‬‫ک‬‫و‬‫ات‬
‫ھی‬‫ت‬.

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News values اقدار خبر

  • 1. “NewWritingandReporting” Saima Ikhlaq Media Studies BS III 1st Semester Course: News writing and workshop Course Incharge: Sir Sohail Topic: News values
  • 2. ‫ے‬ ‫ہ‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫چ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ج‬‫کو‬ ‫الع‬‫ط‬‫ا‬ ‫سی‬‫ک‬ ‫ی‬ ‫حاف‬‫ص‬ ‫ک‬ ‫ی‬‫ا‬ ‫سے‬ ‫س‬ ‫ج‬‫ے‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫زاوی‬ ‫وہ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬‫خ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫اق‬ ‫ں‬ ‫ی‬‫ہ‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ی‬‫ے‬ ‫ہ‬‫ق‬‫ئ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫کے‬ ‫ے‬ ‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬‫خ‬‫الع‬‫ط‬‫ا‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ی‬‫ا‬ ‫آی‬ ‫کہ‬.‫حاف‬‫ص‬ ‫ک‬ ‫ی‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ب‬‫خ‬‫دار‬ ‫اق‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ے‬ ‫ہ‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ک‬‫س‬ ‫گا‬‫ل‬ ‫دازہ‬ ‫ای‬ ‫کا‬ ‫ت‬‫م‬ ‫ی‬‫ق‬ ‫و‬ ‫در‬ ‫ق‬‫کی‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬‫خ‬‫اس‬ ‫عے‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ذر‬ ‫کے‬. News Values ‫خبر‬ ‫اقدار‬
  • 3. Timelessness ‫زمانی‬ ‫قربت‬  ‫ے‬‫ہ‬ ‫در‬‫ق‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫کی‬ ‫اس‬‫ر‬‫ص‬‫ن‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫گی‬‫ز‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬.‫پ‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ی‬‫چ‬ ‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ش‬‫ن‬‫کو‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ر‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ھ‬‫ک‬‫ر‬‫ت‬‫می‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ل‬ ‫کے‬ ‫اری‬‫ق‬ ‫ی‬‫وہ‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ک‬ ‫ع‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫ش‬.‫ر‬‫ق‬‫کی‬ ‫ار‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ان‬‫م‬‫ز‬‫ت‬‫ب‬24 ‫مدت‬‫کی‬ ‫اس‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ل‬ ‫کے‬‫ی‬‫و‬‫ی‬‫ن‬ ‫کہ‬ ‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ی‬‫ھ‬‫گ‬5‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫کی‬ ‫ٹ‬‫می‬.‫ر‬‫دپ‬ ‫ک‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫وہ‬‫گر‬‫م‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ک‬‫ش‬ ‫و‬‫ہ‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫ش‬ ‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ش‬‫ن‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫صورت‬‫کی‬ ‫ے‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫ر‬‫پ‬ ٖ‫ا‬‫ب‬‫م‬ ‫اور‬‫ی‬‫ڑ‬‫پ‬ ‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ک‬‫ش‬‫ن‬‫ب‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫کن‬.  ‫ال‬‫ب‬‫م‬:‫ئ‬‫ک‬ ‫سوس‬‫ح‬‫م‬ ‫کے‬‫ب‬‫ھ‬‫ج‬‫کے‬‫زلزلے‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ور‬‫الہ‬‫اس‬‫اگر‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫گ‬ ‫ے‬ ‫اد‬‫اق‬‫کی‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫ے‬‫ان‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ک‬ ‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫ر‬‫ش‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫پ‬‫کو‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ے‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫م‬‫ک‬ ‫ت‬‫ب‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫طرہ‬‫خ‬‫ھی‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫ان‬‫ص‬‫ق‬‫ئ‬ ‫ھ‬‫ات‬‫ش‬‫کے‬.‫ج‬‫از‬‫د‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫کو‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ک‬‫ت‬‫عوام‬‫لد‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ل‬ ‫کے‬ ‫ار‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫اور‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ی‬‫چ‬‫ر‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ات‬‫چ‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬.
  • 4. Proximity ‫مکانی‬ ‫قربت‬  ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ان‬‫ک‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ق‬‫در‬‫ق‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫دوسری‬‫کی‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ار‬‫د‬‫اق‬.‫وا‬‫واال‬‫ے‬‫آن‬‫ش‬‫ی‬‫پ‬‫ا‬‫آت‬‫کہ‬‫وع‬‫وق‬‫اردگرد‬‫عہ‬‫ق‬ ‫ث‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫ی‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫ح‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ل‬ ‫کے‬ ‫ں‬‫لوگو‬‫کے‬ ‫اردگرد‬‫م‬‫ک‬ ‫از‬‫م‬‫ک‬ ‫ا‬‫ت‬‫وا‬‫ہ‬ ‫ر‬‫ذپ‬‫ت‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬.  ‫ال‬‫ب‬‫م‬:2010‫ک‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫آت‬‫الب‬‫ب‬‫س‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ان‬‫ب‬‫س‬‫ک‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ٹ‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫پ‬‫ی‬‫ان‬‫ب‬‫س‬ ‫ڑ‬‫سےپ‬‫ب‬‫س‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ی‬‫ل‬ ‫کے‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ڈ‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ک‬‫ت‬‫رو‬‫کب‬‫ب‬‫ال‬‫اور‬‫کہ‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ھی‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ی‬ ‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫ان‬‫طوق‬ ‫اور‬‫الب‬‫ب‬‫س‬‫ھی‬‫ت‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ی‬‫چ‬ ‫طرف‬‫دوسری‬‫سلہ‬ ‫ان‬‫ب‬‫س‬‫ک‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫سے‬‫ہ‬‫وج‬ ‫کی‬ ‫ی‬‫ان‬‫ک‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ق‬‫گر‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ھ‬‫ت‬‫اری‬‫ج‬‫کی‬ ‫الب‬‫ب‬‫س‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫روں‬‫ب‬‫خ‬ ‫ن‬‫رب‬‫پ‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫اسے‬‫اور‬‫لی‬‫م‬‫ی‬‫ان‬‫ر‬‫ذپ‬‫ت‬‫کو‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ک‬ ‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ش‬ ‫ا‬‫ب‬‫گ‬.
  • 5. Impact ‫اثرات‬  ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬ ‫ق‬‫ت‬‫ال‬‫کے‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ی‬‫پ‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ڑی‬‫پ‬‫وہ‬ ‫وں‬‫ہ‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اپ‬‫کے‬ ‫ات‬‫ع‬‫ال‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ج‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫اس‬ ‫اور‬ ‫پ‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫کی‬ ‫ٹ‬‫ج‬‫ب‬‫سے‬‫ی‬‫چ‬ ‫و‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ل‬‫چ‬‫ل‬‫ہ‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬ ‫گوں‬ ‫لو‬‫سے‬‫ے‬‫آن‬‫کے‬‫کی‬ ‫زل‬‫ڈپ‬‫اور‬‫رول‬‫ب‬ ‫ڑی‬‫پ‬‫سے‬ ‫ہ‬‫وج‬‫کی‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اپ‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫و‬‫اور‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫دپ‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫کی‬ ‫ہ‬‫اف‬‫اض‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫وں‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ی‬‫ق‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ی‬‫پ‬‫ں‬‫رب‬‫ب‬‫خ‬.  ‫ال‬‫ب‬‫م‬:‫ی‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫لی‬‫ع‬‫خ‬‫کے‬‫سود‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫ہللا‬‫ب‬‫ی‬‫ق‬‫ئ‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫لے‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ق‬‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ع‬‫ے‬‫اوران‬‫م‬‫کو‬ ‫اد‬‫ر‬‫اق‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ک‬ ‫لے‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫سے‬‫ے‬‫ان‬‫ج‬‫ارے‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ک‬ ‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫س‬‫ے‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫رل‬‫واپ‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫کی‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫پ‬‫ا‬‫ڈت‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫سو‬‫گر‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫گ‬‫ک‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ورے‬‫ت‬‫ے‬ ‫ی‬‫ت‬‫گ‬ ‫ن‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ڑی‬‫پ‬‫ک‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫سے‬‫س‬‫ج‬‫وا‬‫ہ‬‫ر‬‫اپ‬‫ا‬‫ک‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫پ‬.
  • 6. controversy ‫تصادم‬  ‫د‬‫ی‬‫ان‬‫س‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫کہ‬‫وت‬‫ت‬‫ک‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ازعہ‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ت‬ ‫ادم‬‫ص‬‫ئ‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫ق‬‫ن‬‫رب‬‫پ‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬ ‫اور‬‫ک‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫کی‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫کی‬ ‫ازعے‬‫ب‬‫ب‬ ‫اغ‬‫م‬ ‫ات‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ک‬ ‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ش‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ڑی‬‫پ‬‫اسے‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ی‬‫ل‬ ‫اس‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ات‬‫وہ‬‫وج‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬.‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫اس‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ش‬‫ھی‬‫ت‬‫ات‬‫ع‬‫از‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ی‬‫خ‬‫ب‬‫ار‬‫ت‬(‫ر‬‫مب‬‫کش‬ ‫لہ‬‫ب‬‫س‬‫م‬)  ‫ال‬‫س‬‫م‬:‫ازعے‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ی‬‫خ‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫کے‬‫ان‬‫ب‬‫س‬‫ک‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫اور‬ ‫ارت‬‫ھ‬‫ت‬‫سے‬‫ہ‬‫وج‬ ‫کی‬ ‫ص‬‫ئ‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫کو‬ ‫ات‬‫ع‬‫ق‬‫وا‬ ‫ن‬‫ی‬‫پ‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫کے‬‫کوں‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫وں‬‫دوت‬‫ان‬‫ا‬‫ات‬‫ج‬ ‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ک‬ ‫ور‬ ‫ت‬‫رو‬‫کب‬‫ب‬‫ال‬‫اور‬‫ٹ‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫پ‬‫چ‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫ا‬‫ڈت‬‫ات‬‫اور‬‫ان‬‫ب‬‫س‬‫ک‬‫ا‬‫ت‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ڈت‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ک‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ات‬‫ج‬ ‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ک‬ ‫ار‬‫م‬‫ش‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬ ‫ڑی‬‫ےپ‬‫ئ‬‫ل‬ ‫کے‬.
  • 7. Magnitude ‫مقدار‬  ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ش‬‫ھی‬‫ت‬‫صر‬‫ن‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫اد‬‫د‬‫ع‬‫ئ‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬ ‫روں‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬.‫ے‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫ادہ‬‫زت‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ک‬ ‫اد‬‫د‬‫ع‬‫ئ‬‫ھی‬‫ت‬‫سے‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ڑت‬‫پ‬‫ر‬‫اپ‬‫ر‬‫پ‬‫روں‬‫ب‬‫خ‬.‫ئ‬‫مر‬‫ک‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫لب‬‫م‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ال‬‫ب‬‫ی‬‫س‬‫ہ‬ ‫سی‬‫ک‬ ‫اگر‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫وہ‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ہ‬ ‫ل‬‫ج‬‫دا‬‫ض‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫اسے‬‫اد‬‫د‬‫ع‬‫ئ‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ث‬‫ک‬ ‫کی‬ ‫وں‬‫ص‬‫ئ‬‫مر‬‫ان‬‫گر‬‫م‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬.  ‫ال‬‫ب‬‫م‬:‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ور‬‫ت‬‫ل‬‫او‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬ ‫حہ‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ش‬200‫سے‬‫آگ‬ ‫اد‬‫ر‬‫اق‬‫ادہ‬‫زت‬‫سے‬ ‫لوگوں‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫اد‬‫د‬‫ع‬‫ئ‬‫ڑے‬‫پ‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ے‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫الک‬‫ہ‬‫کر‬ ‫لس‬‫ھ‬‫ج‬‫اموات‬‫کی‬ ‫ا‬‫ات‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫اسے‬‫ے‬‫ن‬.
  • 8. Prominence ‫عرفی‬ ‫حیثیت‬  ‫ج‬‫ن‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫وہ‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ہ‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ش‬‫ت‬‫صی‬‫خ‬‫ش‬‫ہور‬‫ش‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ی‬‫کون‬ ‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ان‬.‫کہ‬‫وت‬‫ت‬‫ک‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ھ‬‫ک‬‫ر‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫ح‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬ ‫روں‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ڑی‬‫ج‬‫سے‬ ‫ت‬‫صی‬‫خ‬‫ش‬‫اس‬‫لوگ‬.  ‫ال‬‫ب‬‫م‬:‫ن‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫را‬‫اہ‬‫ر‬‫پ‬‫کو‬ ‫ادی‬‫ش‬‫کی‬ ‫وڑے‬‫ج‬‫ی‬‫اہ‬‫ش‬‫وی‬‫ات‬‫ط‬‫ر‬‫پ‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ک‬ ‫ر‬‫ش‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ات‬‫ج‬.‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ان‬‫ج‬‫دی‬‫ج‬‫کورب‬ ‫ا‬‫ڈت‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ھر‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫د‬ ‫اسے‬‫اور‬‫اسے‬ ‫اور‬ ‫ت‬‫ی‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫کی‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫کہ‬‫وت‬‫ت‬‫ک‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ات‬‫ج‬ ‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ک‬ ‫صور‬‫ئ‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫اں‬‫ات‬‫م‬‫ن‬.
  • 9. Currency ‫تعدد‬  ‫ت‬‫س‬‫ح‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫لوگوں‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ی‬‫ل‬ ‫کے‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ج‬‫کو‬ ‫س‬‫ج‬ ‫الع‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫سی‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ے‬‫ان‬‫ج‬ ‫ا‬‫ات‬‫ت‬‫سس‬‫ح‬‫ب‬ ‫اور‬‫ی‬. ‫ی‬‫پ‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫وں،اس‬‫ہ‬‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫د‬‫مزت‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬ ‫ارے‬‫ت‬‫کے‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫اس‬‫لوگ‬‫الع‬‫ط‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ر‬‫ش‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫الن‬‫کہ‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬  ‫ال‬‫ب‬‫م‬:‫ک‬ ‫ھی‬‫ت‬‫اہ‬‫گ‬‫ئ‬‫کڑی‬ ‫کی‬ ‫گوں‬ ‫لو‬‫ر‬‫پ‬‫س‬‫ی‬‫ک‬ ‫امہ‬‫ات‬‫ت‬‫اس‬‫وہ‬ ‫کہ‬‫وت‬‫ت‬ ‫ک‬ ‫اس‬‫ھے‬‫ت‬ ‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ج‬ ‫د‬‫مزت‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ارے‬‫ت‬‫کے‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫کے‬‫س‬‫ی‬ ‫کی‬ ‫ار‬‫م‬‫ش‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫الع‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ہ‬‫والی‬ ‫ے‬‫آن‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ارے‬‫ت‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫گ‬.
  • 10. Novelty or Oddity ‫ندرت‬  ‫کردے‬ ‫ان‬‫ر‬‫خب‬‫کو‬ ‫لوگوں‬‫و‬‫ج‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫الع‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ھون‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫سی‬‫ن‬‫ا‬.‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫درت‬‫ت‬‫اور‬‫ن‬‫ب‬‫ا‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬ ‫ا‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ہ‬‫ث‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫ی‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫ح‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫کی‬ ‫لوگوں‬ ‫وہ‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ہ‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ش‬ ‫صر‬‫ن‬‫ع‬.‫س‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ک‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫لے‬ ‫اٹ‬‫ک‬ ‫کو‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ڑئ‬‫پ‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬‫لے‬‫اٹ‬‫ک‬ ‫کو‬ ‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ک‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫گر‬‫م‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ڑی‬‫پ‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬.  ‫ال‬‫ب‬‫م‬:‫ت‬‫ک‬ ‫سے‬‫ہ‬‫وج‬ ‫کی‬ ‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ھ‬‫ک‬ ‫م‬‫ی‬‫گ‬ ‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ہ‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫وں‬‫وات‬‫وج‬‫ت‬‫مر‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ک‬ ‫ی‬ ‫لی‬‫ر‬‫ک‬ ‫ی‬‫س‬‫ک‬‫ود‬‫ج‬‫ے‬‫ن‬.‫س‬‫ک‬‫ود‬‫ج‬ ‫ٹ‬‫گ‬‫ار‬‫ت‬‫ری‬‫آج‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬ ‫م‬‫ی‬‫گ‬‫ا‬‫ڈت‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫ھی‬‫ت‬‫ی‬ ‫ے‬‫ئ‬‫ل‬ ‫کے‬‫لوگوں‬ ‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫کہ‬‫وت‬‫ت‬‫ک‬ ‫ی‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫ہور‬‫ش‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ھی‬‫ک‬‫و‬‫ات‬ ‫ھی‬‫ت‬.