The document discusses different UK newspapers, including their political biases and ownership. It notes that the Guardian and Daily Mail have contrasting views, with the Guardian being left-wing and anti-Brexit while the Daily Mail is right-wing and does not care for all of society. Newspaper circulation has declined significantly since 2000 due to technological developments that allow online access. Regulation of the press focuses on content, ownership laws, and upholding journalism standards while maintaining press freedom.
The document discusses various local and national newspapers in London and Enfield, including their names, owners, costs, online availability, and circulation figures from 2007-2010. It also discusses factors that influence what makes a story newsworthy and how newspapers are struggling with declining circulation numbers due to increased online news and competition from other media.
The document discusses the changing state of news media and journalism. It argues that three major shifts have occurred: 1) an explosion in the quantity of available information, 2) news can now be instantly updated and altered from many sources, and 3) the production and consumption of news has been decentralized from traditional advertising models. This decentralization has brought an end to the news media oligopoly and allowed anyone to produce and share news. However, the core functions of journalism - verification, sense-making, witnessing, and investigation - require expertise and cannot be replaced by algorithms. For journalism to maintain trust, it needs to focus on these essential functions.
The document discusses research conducted on local and national newspapers in the UK. It provides tables showing newspaper names, owners, costs and online availability. It then discusses factors that have contributed to declining newspaper circulations in recent years, such as the rise of online news and 24-hour news channels. It also notes that local newspapers are highly dependent on advertising revenue.
The document discusses the evolution and growth of Saturday newspaper editions in the UK from the 1960s to present. It notes that Saturday editions were once the lowest circulating day but that newspapers like The Daily Telegraph, The Times, and The Guardian expanded their Saturday editions in the late 1980s and saw growth. The document also examines the choices newspapers must make around article length, content balance, and page size for Saturday editions and how reader and advertising research can help inform those decisions. Finally, it shares some statistics on reading habits and advertising revenue to demonstrate the financial opportunity that Saturday newspapers present.
This document discusses the challenges facing the newspaper industry as readers increasingly get their news online rather than from print publications. It notes that newspaper circulation and advertising revenue have sharply declined as people get news digitally. While newspapers have tried strategies like consolidation, spinoffs of print divisions, and paywalls online, these have not reversed the downward trends. The document suggests that further consolidation may be needed to help newspapers gain scale and resources to successfully transition to digital-first business models.
This document summarizes the challenges facing the newspaper industry and local journalism. It notes that newspapers are important for "accountability journalism" that investigates corruption, but their business model has been disrupted by the internet. Classified advertising revenues that were once very profitable have largely moved online to sites like Craigslist. As a result, newspaper readership and revenues have sharply declined. While some people would miss newspapers, most do not think their absence would significantly hurt civic life or that they would personally miss reading them. There is a concern that without watchdogs, government corruption could rise. What is needed is journalism, not necessarily newspapers.
The document discusses how the internet has disrupted the traditional newspaper business model by removing their most profitable content like classified ads and how political parties previously supported newspapers financially. It argues that non-commercial news struggles to be financially sustainable without political or philanthropic support.
The document discusses various local and national newspapers in London and Enfield, including their names, owners, costs, online availability, and circulation figures from 2007-2010. It also discusses factors that influence what makes a story newsworthy and how newspapers are struggling with declining circulation numbers due to increased online news and competition from other media.
The document discusses the changing state of news media and journalism. It argues that three major shifts have occurred: 1) an explosion in the quantity of available information, 2) news can now be instantly updated and altered from many sources, and 3) the production and consumption of news has been decentralized from traditional advertising models. This decentralization has brought an end to the news media oligopoly and allowed anyone to produce and share news. However, the core functions of journalism - verification, sense-making, witnessing, and investigation - require expertise and cannot be replaced by algorithms. For journalism to maintain trust, it needs to focus on these essential functions.
The document discusses research conducted on local and national newspapers in the UK. It provides tables showing newspaper names, owners, costs and online availability. It then discusses factors that have contributed to declining newspaper circulations in recent years, such as the rise of online news and 24-hour news channels. It also notes that local newspapers are highly dependent on advertising revenue.
The document discusses the evolution and growth of Saturday newspaper editions in the UK from the 1960s to present. It notes that Saturday editions were once the lowest circulating day but that newspapers like The Daily Telegraph, The Times, and The Guardian expanded their Saturday editions in the late 1980s and saw growth. The document also examines the choices newspapers must make around article length, content balance, and page size for Saturday editions and how reader and advertising research can help inform those decisions. Finally, it shares some statistics on reading habits and advertising revenue to demonstrate the financial opportunity that Saturday newspapers present.
This document discusses the challenges facing the newspaper industry as readers increasingly get their news online rather than from print publications. It notes that newspaper circulation and advertising revenue have sharply declined as people get news digitally. While newspapers have tried strategies like consolidation, spinoffs of print divisions, and paywalls online, these have not reversed the downward trends. The document suggests that further consolidation may be needed to help newspapers gain scale and resources to successfully transition to digital-first business models.
This document summarizes the challenges facing the newspaper industry and local journalism. It notes that newspapers are important for "accountability journalism" that investigates corruption, but their business model has been disrupted by the internet. Classified advertising revenues that were once very profitable have largely moved online to sites like Craigslist. As a result, newspaper readership and revenues have sharply declined. While some people would miss newspapers, most do not think their absence would significantly hurt civic life or that they would personally miss reading them. There is a concern that without watchdogs, government corruption could rise. What is needed is journalism, not necessarily newspapers.
The document discusses how the internet has disrupted the traditional newspaper business model by removing their most profitable content like classified ads and how political parties previously supported newspapers financially. It argues that non-commercial news struggles to be financially sustainable without political or philanthropic support.
The document summarizes the key findings of the Cairncross Review, which examined the sustainability of high-quality journalism in the UK. It found that the news publishing business is undergoing major declines in revenue from both print subscriptions and advertising due to the shift to online news. This threatens the future of public-interest journalism. While online news is free and accessible, it is often presented in an "unbundled" way and people may see less accountability reporting. The review recommends interventions to create a fairer balance between online platforms and publishers and ensure the ongoing supply of public-interest news.
The document discusses the future of newspapers in an increasingly online world. It notes several challenges newspapers face, such as rising print costs, loss of classified advertising revenue to online sites, and declining readership especially among younger demographics who are less interested in traditional top-down models of content selection. Statistics show large declines in newspaper circulation and readers over the past decade. However, people still value trusted brands and respected sources for news. The document suggests newspapers will evolve into more specialized elite products focusing on in-depth reporting and investigations, while journalists and media brands converge online adopting practices from both traditional and new media like blogging.
The document discusses 5 emerging media trends for communicators to be aware of:
1) Shortening news cycles due to the speed of social media and on-demand content.
2) The decline of traditional press clippings due to electronic monitoring and text analytics.
3) Increased media multi-tasking, especially among youth, using multiple channels simultaneously.
4) The rise of "influencers" who curate and recommend content on social media.
5) The integration of social media, mobile devices, and geolocation into search and content delivery.
The document discusses 11 key points about changes in the media landscape: 1) Newspaper readership has been declining for decades; 2) Newspaper readership skews older while online readership skews younger; 3) New online media like Google and Yahoo have seen much faster revenue growth than traditional media companies. The document examines how these trends are impacting newspapers and the future of journalism.
The magazine industry is facing threats from changing media consumption habits. As more people get news and entertainment online, magazine readership is declining. However, the magazine industry is evolving by making publications available digitally on websites and e-readers. Younger audiences in particular are being lost to other media like books, television, and social media platforms. Advertising continues to be important for magazines and is considered a trusted form of advertising by readers. While facing challenges, the magazine industry is adapting to remain viable in the future.
The document discusses strategies newspapers use to build readership in both print and digital formats. It describes how newspapers segment their content into sections tailored for specific audiences. It also explains how newspapers distribute content through both physical delivery and digital platforms exhibited on various devices. Additionally, the document outlines challenges newspapers face in achieving total market coverage and maintaining profitability from advertising in the face of increasing competition.
The political context influences newspaper ownership and regulation in several ways:
1) Newspapers are often owned by wealthy individuals seeking political/social influence rather than just profits, unlike other industries.
2) Regulators like the Competition and Markets Authority limit ownership concentration to promote media plurality and free market competition.
3) Newspapers have editorial freedom but owners can still influence content through close relationships with politicians, as the Leveson Inquiry found.
4) Newspapers self-regulate but competing regulatory bodies like IPSO and Impress illustrate debates around how this should work.
At Harvard we spend a lot of time watching how the media landscape is shifting and thinking about what that means for our clients. Here are our six biggest media trends to watch in 2018.
The document discusses the BBC's anti-American bias as revealed by a quote from a BBC journalist. The quote describes a picture of Bush as Hitler hanging in the BBC newsroom, which no one objected to. The newsroom was later revealed to be the BBC itself. The document criticizes the BBC for its bias against America and argues this was acknowledged by its own Washington correspondent. It cites a new book detailing 25 years of BBC bias against this view.
This document summarizes research on newspaper paywalls. It finds that while digital subscriptions are increasing, they currently generate only about 10% of revenues and are not enough to replace losses from print ads. Data on subscriptions is often unclear and numbers may include trials. Paywalls also risk creating a digital divide and limiting access to important news. While paywalls are spreading, subscription revenue remains small compared to total revenues.
State of the News Media 2016
BY Amy Mitchell and Jesse Holcomb
Eight years after the Great
Recession sent the U.S.
newspaper industry into a
tailspin, the pressures facing
America’s newsrooms have
intensified to nothing less than
a reorganization of the
industry itself, one that
impacts the experiences of
even those news consumers
unaware of the tectonic shifts
taking place.
In 2015, the newspaper
sector had perhaps the worst
year since the recession and its
immediate aftermath. Average
weekday newspaper
circulation, print and digital
combined, fell another 7% in
2015, the greatest decline
since 2010. While digital circulation crept up slightly (2% for weekday), it accounts for only 22% of
total circulation. And any digital subscription gains or traffic increases have still not translated
into game-changing revenue solutions. In 2015, total advertising revenue among publicly traded
companies declined nearly 8%, including losses not just in print, but digital as well.
The document discusses the decline of newspapers due to falling readership and circulation numbers as readers increasingly get their news from online sources. It provides statistics showing drops in newspaper penetration rates and circulation over time as the population has grown. While some smaller community newspapers are doing better relatively, most newspapers are struggling financially and have implemented layoffs and pay cuts as advertising revenues decline sharply. The future of the newspaper industry is unclear as it works to adapt to the digital age.
The magazine industry has seen a 10% decline in the number of print titles since 2011 due to the rise of digital media like tablets. However, magazines can remain profitable by adapting to digital formats and providing content viewers want across multiple platforms. For example, Empire magazine offers subscriptions that allow both digital and print access. Magazines must also exploit revenue streams like mobile apps, paywalls, and subscriptions. Paywalls have proven effective for some newspapers by generating significant online revenue and boosting other sales. To thrive financially, magazines need an omnichannel approach that links print and digital content while understanding readers' habits across various devices.
This document presents a model of a perfectly competitive news media market. The model considers the tradeoff between news quality and bias for both consumers and media firms. It introduces the novel concept of quality externalities, where the average quality in the market impacts individual preferences for quality. The model shows there can be two equilibria - a "fake news" equilibrium with low quality and high bias, or an "informative news" equilibrium with high quality and no bias. The document argues that a politician can exploit these externalities to shift the market towards the "fake news" equilibrium and achieve "indirect media capture", even without direct control over media outlets. Case studies of Trump, Putin and Berlusconi are presented to illustrate how this
Technological changes have forced newspapers like The Guardian and The Daily Mail to converge online. This has affected their production, distribution, and circulation of news.
Both newspapers have had to shift production towards multimedia content like videos. They also face more competition in quickly breaking news on social media. Distribution is now both physical and digital, while circulation has declined greatly in print but increased online through free content.
However, their ownership structures and political values still influence content. The Guardian is owned by the nonprofit Scott Trust and holds liberal values. The Daily Mail is owned by the for-profit Daily Mail and General Trust and takes a conservative stance. This shapes how they cover the same stories and target different audiences.
The media has a decent effect on daily trading. Studies have shown local media coverage increases local trading by an estimated 75% on average. While fundamental changes in a company will move its stock with or without media coverage, the media plays an important role in disseminating information to a wider audience and can influence localized trading patterns based on geographic proximity and relevance of coverage.
Newspaper advertising revenues edged down in 2006 as gains in online revenues did not compensate for declines in print ads. Classified advertising, especially in recruitment, automotive, and real estate, fell sharply. Experts say newspapers need innovation to remain competitive as their business models are disrupted by the internet. Circulation, newsroom jobs, and audiences are also declining. While online revenues are growing rapidly, they have not grown enough to replace losses from print. The challenges newspapers face are significant and long-term changes to their format, business, and organization models may be needed to adapt.
Newspaper circulation, readership, and revenue have been declining over the past decade as more people get their news from digital and social media sources. Total daily newspaper circulation in the US was estimated at 31 million in 2017, down 11% from the previous year. The number of newspaper employees also dropped significantly from over 70,000 in 2008 to around 39,000 in 2017. While newspapers have struggled, some including USA Today and large digital newspapers have maintained readership in the millions by adapting to changing media consumption habits.
The document discusses the role and influence of mass media in society. It covers various topics such as freedom of the press, censorship, different types of media like newspapers, television, and the internet. It also discusses how media companies and politicians can influence public opinion through bias, spin doctoring of stories, and the selective reporting of information and events.
Here are some key points to consider in analysing this media text:
1. The text aims to meet audience expectations of entertainment and sensationalism typical of tabloid newspapers. Stories focus on celebrity gossip, sensational crimes and controversies rather than in-depth news.
2. Tabloid style uses eye-catching headlines, images and short snippets to grab attention. Stories are simplified with an informal tone. Celebrity gossip offers vicarious pleasure and distraction from readers' own lives. Sensational stories satisfy curiosity about crime and controversy.
3. As a commercial enterprise, the paper prioritises profit over impartial facts. Stories are selected based on likely popularity rather than importance. Advertising also influences content choices.
4
The document summarizes the key findings of the Cairncross Review, which examined the sustainability of high-quality journalism in the UK. It found that the news publishing business is undergoing major declines in revenue from both print subscriptions and advertising due to the shift to online news. This threatens the future of public-interest journalism. While online news is free and accessible, it is often presented in an "unbundled" way and people may see less accountability reporting. The review recommends interventions to create a fairer balance between online platforms and publishers and ensure the ongoing supply of public-interest news.
The document discusses the future of newspapers in an increasingly online world. It notes several challenges newspapers face, such as rising print costs, loss of classified advertising revenue to online sites, and declining readership especially among younger demographics who are less interested in traditional top-down models of content selection. Statistics show large declines in newspaper circulation and readers over the past decade. However, people still value trusted brands and respected sources for news. The document suggests newspapers will evolve into more specialized elite products focusing on in-depth reporting and investigations, while journalists and media brands converge online adopting practices from both traditional and new media like blogging.
The document discusses 5 emerging media trends for communicators to be aware of:
1) Shortening news cycles due to the speed of social media and on-demand content.
2) The decline of traditional press clippings due to electronic monitoring and text analytics.
3) Increased media multi-tasking, especially among youth, using multiple channels simultaneously.
4) The rise of "influencers" who curate and recommend content on social media.
5) The integration of social media, mobile devices, and geolocation into search and content delivery.
The document discusses 11 key points about changes in the media landscape: 1) Newspaper readership has been declining for decades; 2) Newspaper readership skews older while online readership skews younger; 3) New online media like Google and Yahoo have seen much faster revenue growth than traditional media companies. The document examines how these trends are impacting newspapers and the future of journalism.
The magazine industry is facing threats from changing media consumption habits. As more people get news and entertainment online, magazine readership is declining. However, the magazine industry is evolving by making publications available digitally on websites and e-readers. Younger audiences in particular are being lost to other media like books, television, and social media platforms. Advertising continues to be important for magazines and is considered a trusted form of advertising by readers. While facing challenges, the magazine industry is adapting to remain viable in the future.
The document discusses strategies newspapers use to build readership in both print and digital formats. It describes how newspapers segment their content into sections tailored for specific audiences. It also explains how newspapers distribute content through both physical delivery and digital platforms exhibited on various devices. Additionally, the document outlines challenges newspapers face in achieving total market coverage and maintaining profitability from advertising in the face of increasing competition.
The political context influences newspaper ownership and regulation in several ways:
1) Newspapers are often owned by wealthy individuals seeking political/social influence rather than just profits, unlike other industries.
2) Regulators like the Competition and Markets Authority limit ownership concentration to promote media plurality and free market competition.
3) Newspapers have editorial freedom but owners can still influence content through close relationships with politicians, as the Leveson Inquiry found.
4) Newspapers self-regulate but competing regulatory bodies like IPSO and Impress illustrate debates around how this should work.
At Harvard we spend a lot of time watching how the media landscape is shifting and thinking about what that means for our clients. Here are our six biggest media trends to watch in 2018.
The document discusses the BBC's anti-American bias as revealed by a quote from a BBC journalist. The quote describes a picture of Bush as Hitler hanging in the BBC newsroom, which no one objected to. The newsroom was later revealed to be the BBC itself. The document criticizes the BBC for its bias against America and argues this was acknowledged by its own Washington correspondent. It cites a new book detailing 25 years of BBC bias against this view.
This document summarizes research on newspaper paywalls. It finds that while digital subscriptions are increasing, they currently generate only about 10% of revenues and are not enough to replace losses from print ads. Data on subscriptions is often unclear and numbers may include trials. Paywalls also risk creating a digital divide and limiting access to important news. While paywalls are spreading, subscription revenue remains small compared to total revenues.
State of the News Media 2016
BY Amy Mitchell and Jesse Holcomb
Eight years after the Great
Recession sent the U.S.
newspaper industry into a
tailspin, the pressures facing
America’s newsrooms have
intensified to nothing less than
a reorganization of the
industry itself, one that
impacts the experiences of
even those news consumers
unaware of the tectonic shifts
taking place.
In 2015, the newspaper
sector had perhaps the worst
year since the recession and its
immediate aftermath. Average
weekday newspaper
circulation, print and digital
combined, fell another 7% in
2015, the greatest decline
since 2010. While digital circulation crept up slightly (2% for weekday), it accounts for only 22% of
total circulation. And any digital subscription gains or traffic increases have still not translated
into game-changing revenue solutions. In 2015, total advertising revenue among publicly traded
companies declined nearly 8%, including losses not just in print, but digital as well.
The document discusses the decline of newspapers due to falling readership and circulation numbers as readers increasingly get their news from online sources. It provides statistics showing drops in newspaper penetration rates and circulation over time as the population has grown. While some smaller community newspapers are doing better relatively, most newspapers are struggling financially and have implemented layoffs and pay cuts as advertising revenues decline sharply. The future of the newspaper industry is unclear as it works to adapt to the digital age.
The magazine industry has seen a 10% decline in the number of print titles since 2011 due to the rise of digital media like tablets. However, magazines can remain profitable by adapting to digital formats and providing content viewers want across multiple platforms. For example, Empire magazine offers subscriptions that allow both digital and print access. Magazines must also exploit revenue streams like mobile apps, paywalls, and subscriptions. Paywalls have proven effective for some newspapers by generating significant online revenue and boosting other sales. To thrive financially, magazines need an omnichannel approach that links print and digital content while understanding readers' habits across various devices.
This document presents a model of a perfectly competitive news media market. The model considers the tradeoff between news quality and bias for both consumers and media firms. It introduces the novel concept of quality externalities, where the average quality in the market impacts individual preferences for quality. The model shows there can be two equilibria - a "fake news" equilibrium with low quality and high bias, or an "informative news" equilibrium with high quality and no bias. The document argues that a politician can exploit these externalities to shift the market towards the "fake news" equilibrium and achieve "indirect media capture", even without direct control over media outlets. Case studies of Trump, Putin and Berlusconi are presented to illustrate how this
Technological changes have forced newspapers like The Guardian and The Daily Mail to converge online. This has affected their production, distribution, and circulation of news.
Both newspapers have had to shift production towards multimedia content like videos. They also face more competition in quickly breaking news on social media. Distribution is now both physical and digital, while circulation has declined greatly in print but increased online through free content.
However, their ownership structures and political values still influence content. The Guardian is owned by the nonprofit Scott Trust and holds liberal values. The Daily Mail is owned by the for-profit Daily Mail and General Trust and takes a conservative stance. This shapes how they cover the same stories and target different audiences.
The media has a decent effect on daily trading. Studies have shown local media coverage increases local trading by an estimated 75% on average. While fundamental changes in a company will move its stock with or without media coverage, the media plays an important role in disseminating information to a wider audience and can influence localized trading patterns based on geographic proximity and relevance of coverage.
Newspaper advertising revenues edged down in 2006 as gains in online revenues did not compensate for declines in print ads. Classified advertising, especially in recruitment, automotive, and real estate, fell sharply. Experts say newspapers need innovation to remain competitive as their business models are disrupted by the internet. Circulation, newsroom jobs, and audiences are also declining. While online revenues are growing rapidly, they have not grown enough to replace losses from print. The challenges newspapers face are significant and long-term changes to their format, business, and organization models may be needed to adapt.
Newspaper circulation, readership, and revenue have been declining over the past decade as more people get their news from digital and social media sources. Total daily newspaper circulation in the US was estimated at 31 million in 2017, down 11% from the previous year. The number of newspaper employees also dropped significantly from over 70,000 in 2008 to around 39,000 in 2017. While newspapers have struggled, some including USA Today and large digital newspapers have maintained readership in the millions by adapting to changing media consumption habits.
The document discusses the role and influence of mass media in society. It covers various topics such as freedom of the press, censorship, different types of media like newspapers, television, and the internet. It also discusses how media companies and politicians can influence public opinion through bias, spin doctoring of stories, and the selective reporting of information and events.
Here are some key points to consider in analysing this media text:
1. The text aims to meet audience expectations of entertainment and sensationalism typical of tabloid newspapers. Stories focus on celebrity gossip, sensational crimes and controversies rather than in-depth news.
2. Tabloid style uses eye-catching headlines, images and short snippets to grab attention. Stories are simplified with an informal tone. Celebrity gossip offers vicarious pleasure and distraction from readers' own lives. Sensational stories satisfy curiosity about crime and controversy.
3. As a commercial enterprise, the paper prioritises profit over impartial facts. Stories are selected based on likely popularity rather than importance. Advertising also influences content choices.
4
The document discusses how The Guardian newspaper has adapted to challenges in the digital age. It notes that while The Guardian has a successful website with over 120 million monthly readers, its print revenues are declining significantly. The Guardian is relying on investments to remain operational as its print editions are no longer profitable. The document examines some of the strategies The Guardian has used to generate online revenue, such as subscriptions, donations, and sponsorships for events, while still maintaining its content as freely accessible without a paywall.
This document summarizes a student's thesis on government disinformation campaigns and their impact on journalism and society. It discusses how governments use disinformation to influence power and public opinion. It also examines the declining trust in media and issues around media ownership concentration. The student defends their views and provides counterarguments in bold, underlined text to critique parts of the thesis.
The document discusses the past, present and future of print media such as newspapers and magazines. It describes the differences between broadsheet and tabloid newspapers, and how newspapers have struggled with declining circulation and revenue as well as increased competition from the internet. It also outlines the history and types of magazines, and how magazines have adapted over time to focus more on niche audiences and ideas rather than general readership. The principles of journalism are discussed, as well as how both newspapers and magazines have tried to stay relevant in the modern media landscape.
The document discusses the past, present and future of print media such as newspapers and magazines. It describes the differences between broadsheet and tabloid newspapers, and how newspapers have struggled with declining circulation and revenue as well as increased competition from the internet. It also discusses the history and types of magazines, and how magazines have evolved to focus on niche audiences instead of general readership. The principles of journalism are outlined, and it questions whether for-profit media can truly adhere to those principles of serving the public and acting as a watchdog.
Introduction to hyper-local media, part three: issues, challenges and futureg...Damian Radcliffe
12" pack broken into three, due to file size. This is part three, which looks at the issues, challenges and opportunities for the sector. It also involves some future gazing. Comments, feedback and suggestions are very welcome.
Crossroads Reporting: The Intersection of Traditional Media and Citizen Journ...Ilona Meagher
This document discusses the intersection between traditional media and citizen journalism. It reviews literature showing that citizens are increasingly dissatisfied with traditional media and turning to blogs and citizen journalism instead. The rise of citizen journalism is likely due to both decreased quality and staffing in traditional media newsrooms, as well as new technologies empowering citizens to participate in media. Citizen journalism plays an important watchdog role and fills niches underserved by traditional media. However, some journalists remain wary of its less professional approach. Overall, the document argues traditional media and citizen journalism can have a symbiotic relationship if they learn to work together.
The document discusses the role and purpose of journalism. It questions whether people have an intrinsic need for news and information from beyond their direct experience. It also explores the tension between journalism serving the public interest through truthful and verified information versus catering to what people want. The document raises concerns that new technologies, media consolidation, and globalization are fracturing society and challenging journalists to properly educate the public.
1. Newspaper circulations are declining in many Western countries as consumption patterns shift to online media. Younger demographics in particular are turning to blogs which are making inroads into traditional media.
2. The study examined online media and blogs through interviews with journalists and bloggers in the UK, US and Canada. It found that productivity pressures are rising for journalists who must file more stories, leaving less time for in-depth reporting.
3. Some bloggers are breaking stories ahead of traditional journalists and see mainstream journalists as lazy or fearful of challenging the political establishment. However, journalists and bloggers have different standards, levels of accountability, expertise and focuses.
The video has many intertextual references to works like The Wicker Man and the children's TV show Trumpton. It depicts a town where the upper classes hold power over the workers and foreigners. Scenes show the mayor controlling the townspeople and migrants being forced into unfair labor. The video comments on issues like xenophobia, authoritarianism, and differences in social class. It uses surreal puppet imagery and animation to portray these concepts in a way that references both nostalgia for childhood media and darker symbolic art styles.
This document discusses a survey about radio consumption habits. Students were asked to create a 10 question survey using the GEARS audience segmentation model and distribute it to at least 100 people. The survey looked at what radio stations and platforms people use, how long they listen each week, and demographic information. The results showed that most respondents were younger, listened to Capital FM in the car, and also used Spotify for music rather than listening to the radio for long periods.
The document discusses a charity advertisement campaign by Shelter, a UK charity that helps the homeless. It summarizes that over 320,000 people in the UK are homeless, with 170,000 in London alone. Homelessness has increased 100% in the last decade. The campaign aims to provide the homeless with safe housing. It then analyzes the ideological viewpoints communicated by the ad, such as reinforcing social inequality as unjust and an individual's right to a better life. The preferred reading of the ad is that homelessness can happen to anyone and we should feel empathy and responsibility to help those less fortunate.
The Big Issue is a magazine launched in 1991 that aims to help homeless people earn income by selling the magazine. Vendors can buy issues for £1.25 and sell them for £2.50, acting as micro-entrepreneurs. Over 100,000 people have been helped since it began. The target reader is educated with limited income who wants to make a difference. Front covers must attract this audience and appeal to vendors to ensure sales. The magazine provides an alternative representation to the mainstream that questions dominant ideologies and supports social welfare.
This document summarizes and analyzes several theories related to representations in media:
- Van Zoonen's theory discusses how media portrays gender stereotypes that reinforce societal views of femininity and masculinity.
- Gilroy's post-colonialist theory examines how ethnic minorities are often depicted as powerless and marginalized compared to depictions of white Westerners as powerful and important.
- An example news article is analyzed applying Gilroy's theory, finding depictions that portray white politicians as having power over ethnic minorities.
This document discusses racial and gender stereotypes portrayed in Old Spice advertising. It analyzes an ad featuring Terry Crews that depicts common black stereotypes like being athletic due to his muscular physique, exhibiting strength and independence by fighting another man on his own. It also notes the ad shows humorous stereotypes by having the men bicker in a funny way. The document contrasts older, more serious Old Spice ads targeting mature audiences to the transformative 2010 campaign featuring Isaiah Mustafa that had a humorous approach and targeted a wider audience, showing how the brand's messaging has changed over time.
This document defines key terms related to media language, representations, and advertising/marketing. It discusses how media language can be analyzed using genre conventions and technical elements. Representations can be analyzed by looking at stereotypes, conclusions about groups, and how representations are constructed as real. It also defines the political, social, and cultural contexts. Advertising is defined as making a product known to the target audience, while marketing prepares a product for the marketplace. Print ads use codes/conventions, genre, and constructing meaning. Two examples of print ads are summarized, analyzing how groups are represented.
The political context influences newspaper ownership and regulation. Regulators like IPSO establish rules for newspapers to uphold standards and protect individuals, while allowing free expression. However, the phone hacking scandal led to the Leveson inquiry and the discontinuation of News of the World. This showed widespread hacking and influenced the creation of IPSO to better regulate papers. Ownership also influences newspapers, as papers like The Guardian may criticize those they oppose politically due to its left-wing bias under editors like Katherine Viner and Scott Tross.
This document discusses a survey about radio consumption habits. Students were asked to create a 10 question survey using the GEARS audience segmentation model and distribute it to at least 100 people. The survey looked at what radio stations people listen to, how long they listen each week, and what other platforms they use for music. The results showed that most respondents were younger, listened to Capital FM in the car, and also used Spotify for music rather than listening to the radio for long periods.
Capital FM aims its content at a younger audience of teenagers and young adults by playing popular current songs and using youth slang. It is active on social media platforms like Instagram, Twitter and Snapchat to stay aware of trends. The main presenter, Roman Kemp, is only 26 and appeals to listeners aged 15 to 25. Capital FM also hosts concerts and competitions that offer experiences appealing to younger audiences like trips to Ibiza and New York.
In contrast, BBC Radio 4 attracts an older average audience of 55 with its music from past decades and spoken content about news, history and science. The breakfast presenter John Humphrys is 76 and discusses topics relevant to the older generation. Its calmer style without loud music
The document discusses representation of women in the media according to Van Zoonen's theory of patriarchal representation. It provides examples of how women are often sexualized in films, magazines, and tabloids through images and articles that focus primarily on their bodies and roles as mothers. Men are typically portrayed as powerful, independent, and rational while women are shown as emotional, caring for others, and defined by their sexuality and relationships.
The document discusses how media messages are constructed rather than objective reflections of reality. It notes that media producers make many decisions that shape the messages and interpretations presented. Even images intended to look realistic represent someone's perspective. All media messages are assembled by individuals or groups, and embed their values and views. The document uses examples of how politicians like Trump and Obama are portrayed differently in the media based on the biases and intended audiences of conservative versus liberal outlets.
The document provides a timeline of key developments in media from 1802 to today. It discusses the invention of the printing press in 1802 and the rise of print media in the 1840s-50s. It then outlines the development of silent films, the telephone, photography, radio, and tabloid newspapers between the late 1800s to early 1900s. The timeline also notes the introduction of talking movies in 1927, the development of home TV from 1925-1936, and the rise of personal computers and digital cameras in the 1970s-80s. It concludes with the invention of mobile phones in 1973, the growth of major tech companies from the late 90s onward, and the rise of personal media players and social media platforms from
This document provides a mind map overview of the media industry, including social media (YouTube, Snapchat, Instagram, Twitter), radio (BBC, Capital FM, Kiss), TV (BBC, Netflix, Disney, channels), print media (newspapers like The Guardian, magazines), advertising (TV, radio, social media, print), and games (augmented reality like Pokémon Go, virtual reality like Oculus Rift, consoles like Xbox and Playstation). It describes the different types of content on each platform and who their target audiences tend to be (e.g. BBC radio focuses more on news for older audiences while Capital targets younger people).
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
1. News & On-line media, theory, industry and context
The guardian headlines:
“Parliamentfinally hasits say, no no nono nono no no”
“He misled the queen, the police and the parliament”
“Revealed: Big rise in public racism since brexit vote”
“Hopes raised for 2nd
EU referendum”
These headlines can show howthe guardian is left wing. This is because they show how their views
are very anti- brexit andthat they want to stay in the EU. They alsoshow no trustin parliament dueto
conservativeshavinga say. This is because as they’releft wing, they havesocialist views and want to
care for society butconservativesrevolve aroundcapitalism. They believe that brexit causes more
problemsin society andwant to stay in the EU.
The daily mail headlines:
“House of fools” (PARLIAMENT)
“Migrants-howmany morecan we take”
“Google: The terrorists’ friend”
“Migrantnumberhits a new record”
These headlines showhow the daily mail contraststo the guardianas its more right wing. This is
shownas they don’tcare aboutall of society, they justcare abouthow upper class people feel. This is
because they don’twant terrorists in andonly care for how peoplethemselves feel, sothey want
their country to themselves.
Print production
The news Industry isconcerned with the production, distributionandcirculationof news information
andentertainment. Today’sUK Newspapersare created usinga process called offset printing, which:
Require large amountsofmaterial.
Require employmentof mainly highly trained staff.
Print Newsis deadline drivenwith a typical turnaroundtimeof 24 –hours.
2. Average Daily Print
Circulation for National
Newspapers for
January 2000, in
millions
January 2019, in
millions % decline
The Sun 3.6 1.41 61
Daily Mail 2.4 1.24 48
Daily Mirror 2.3 0,5 78
The Daily Telegraph 1.0 0.3 60
Daily Star 0.5 0.3 40
Daily Express 1.1 0.3 73
The Times 0.7 0.4 42
Financial Times 0.4 0.1 75
The Guardian 0.4 0.1 75
The Independent 0.2 N/a N/a
1. Which newspaper(s) no longer has print editions?
The Independent stoppedbeingprinted in 2016
2. Which new national newspapershave been founded?
The metro
3. What is the general trend in newspaper circulation?
Declining by 50% andover since 2000.
SUBSCRIPTION FEES
The Guardian- £10.79 per month 1 copy=£2.20
The Telegraph-£2 per week
The Mail-£10.99 per month. 1 copy=70p
3. Look upthe Guardianand DailyMail online readership(e.g.at newsworks.org.uk)
Alsolookat https://www.newsworks.org.uk/reports/abc-over-20000-more-newspapers-sold-every-
day-in-january/193951 and compare the data to these fromOctober2018, whichmaybecome
rapidlyoutof date:
Guardian Daily Mail
Print daily readership 0.8m 3.0m
PC daily reach 1.2m 1.1m
Mobile daily reach 2.7m 3.4m
Tablet daily reach 0.5m 0.7m
Total Facebook likes 8m 15m
Twitter followers 7.3m 2.3m
1. Which newspaper is more reliant on its online editionsand social media feeds compared toits
print editions?
2. How, if at all, have these figures changed since October2018?
3. The Guardian hasa strategy of trying toattract ‘supporters’ (loyalreaders) rather thanattracting
readers to individualstories throughclicks onsocial media.
How does the abovedata suggestthisstrategy is working?
The guardian- 19.7 morepeople react with themonline than reading printpapers.
Theyhave a lot of twitterfollowers,whichmeansthosepeople will seetheirpostsall the time.
Thiscan showhowitmay not be workingas althoughthere are 0.8 loyal printreaders,theyhave
a lot more online suchasthe 3.9 millionreadersonmobiles andPCs.
4. The sun, the daily mail, the daily express andthe daily telegraph are all majority rightwing
papers. The mirrors, the guardian, theSunday people andthe observerare all left wing
papers. The financial times are roughly centrist or centre-right.
News UK andDMG media own 60% of the British press. Bothpapers haveright wing views.
Pressownership can be importantin shapingviews of the British public because the papers
views are expressed, and sowhen people read it they may be influenced by what they say
andcan changethe readers way of thinking. Forexample, as 60% of the British pressis right
wing, there would be a lot of badpress towardsthe labour party in order to get people on
their side (conservative).
This is a daily mail frontcover, so is written alongside right wing
views and opinions. They are describing Jeremy Corbynas weak
which is becausehe is in contrastto them ashe’s leader of the
labourparty. They have donethis tomake him come acrossas
badand unprofessionalwhich will benefit the daily mail as they
hopethat this persuadespeople tobe votingfor a right wing
party instead.
5. Newspaper article from the guardian:
In this paper, it’s talking about agreeing not to contest against 317 safe conservative seats,
this is because he wants to give them a chance at having seats. This could have come from
him being pressured into it as the papers had previously said he can ruin the UKs hope of
brexit happening, and he didn’t want this bad image to seem real. This can show how the
papers can affect the views of the British public.
6. As an example,the table belowgivesthe circulationfiguresperownerinAugust2018 inmillions
(percentagesinbrackets).Notethatthe DailyMail and General Trustalsoownthe Metro,a national
free newspaperwithcirculationinAugust2018 of 1.5 million.
Newspaper Groups
National Daily Titles
Owned
Daily Circulation in
millions
(percentage of total)
News International Sun, The Times 2.0 (36%)
Daily Mail and General Trust Daily Mail 1.3 (23%)
Reach plc
Daily Express, Daily Star,
Daily Mirror
1.3 (23%)
Telegraph Group Daily Telegraph 0.4 (7%)
Johnston Press i 0.3 (5%)
Nikkei/ Financial Times Ltd Financial Times 0.2 (4%)
Guardian Media Group The Guardian 0.1 (2%)
1. What percentage of daily circulation is owned by the top three owners?
2. Name the two writers who argue that concentration of ownership decreases
quality and choice in newspapers.
CurranandSeaton theory
Power andMedia industries
-The idea that the media is controlled by a small numberof companiesprimarily driven by the logic of
profit and power.
-The idea that media concentrationgenerally limits or inhibits variety, creativity and quality.
-The idea that moresocially diverse patternsof ownershiphelp to create the conditionsfor more
varied andadventurousmediaproductions.
82
Curran and Seaton.
7. The impact of “Technological developments”
Over the past20 years, since the introductionof web2.0 in 2004 theprint industry hasundergone
significant changes in production, distributionandcirculation.
• To remain relevant for audiences and tacklingfalling sales of printcopies, newspapershave
expandedtheir copies online. Thishas a numberof advantagesonlinefor owners:
• Productionviawebsites reduces environmentalcostsof producingwith paper andink.
• Distributionvia the internet reduces the cost of physicaldistributionandenables news
outletsto reach a global audience.
• Circulation via websites andmobile devices allows audiencesto access news andadvertising
online throughappsandsocial media.
This increasescirculationnumbersfor the newsoutlet
Allows audiencesto share and interact with the news
Enables owners tomonitor which stories are most popular
These are beneficial because if they have high circulation numbersthenit meansthey know how
many people are reading their stories. This could alsocause them to increase the price of their
newspapersas they knowthey’rebecoming more popularandwill try to get more money. If
audiences can share andinteract with poststhenit’s goodfor the company as they knowwhat people
want to see more of and they also get a selection of opinionsto view and take on. This alsoworks
8. with monitoringwhich stories are most popularas they will know towrite more on thatcertain topic
andcan therefore make more money if morepeople buy the paper to read aboutit.
EXAMPLE:
This online versionof the news story allows
anyoneonline to react/commentto news posts.
This can cause conflict buthelps the newspaper
brandto see thoughtsof their readers.
Cultivationtheory:Atheory suggestingthatthe exposure tomedia over time subtly “cultivates”
viewers’ perceptionsof reality. Gerbner and Grossassert "Televisionis a mediumof the socialization
of mostpeople into standardizedroles andbehaviours. Itsfunctionis in a word, enculturation"
9. EDITORS: OWNERS:
Guardian-KatherineViner Guardian-ScottTross
Daily mail-Geordie Greig Daily mail- Jonathan Harmsworth
Telegraph- ChrisEvans Telegraph- Barclay Brothers
Newspaperowners are aware of the power they have in influencing their readers to makenational
andpolitical decisions thatsupportthepapers political agenda.
This front cover showshow the sunsupportsanegative
positioningof the right wing towards immigration. This
is because their conservative, right wing statusmakes
them capitalist. This therefore meansthat they want the
rich to stay rich andsee immigrantsas people who
shouldnotbe allowed in as they take money that should
be for the rich. Right-wingpolitical thinkingholdsthat
certain social orders and hierarchies are inevitable,
natural, normal, or desirable so they want things kept
this way.
Ownership: The Daily Mail
DMGT (Dailey Mail general Trust) is a British mediacompany, owning:
The Daily Mail
The Mail on Sunday
Metro
Mail Online
Metro.co.uk
Ownership - Lord Rothermere (elite) current owner is JonathanHarmsworth – He is the majority
shareholderand Chairman
10. Political bias
Historically the Daily Mail is sympathetictothe right wing.
Harold Harmsworth (owner) in the interwar yearssupportedrightwing movementsincluding
Oswald Mosely’sblack shirts.
1980’sDaily Mail supportedMargaretThatcher’sconservativeparty.
Paul Dacre editor supportedBrexit.
From2018 onwards, theeditor was Geordie Gregg
The role of regulationin the News
For: the News Industry hastoomuchpolitical power and influence overthe British public, which has
reduced freedom of speech, compromisesdemocracy andis notin the public interest.
Against: The printedpress shouldnotbe regulated or controlled, especially not by government
legislation. This would affect freedom of speech, democracy and would notbe in the public interest.
Example:
This can show howthe printed press should
Regulationof the UK News industry focuseson:
News contentand informationprintedby the Press
Ownershipand competitionlaws
The Levensoninquiry is a judicial public inquiry intothe culture, practices andethics of the British
press following the News Internationalphonehackingscandal, chaired by Lord JusticeLeveson. The
Levensonreport recommendedthat future Press regulationshould:
Continueto be self regulated outsideof government
Create a new press standardsbody, createdby the industry with a new rigorous code of
conduct.
To back upregulation with legislation to ensure the pressremains independentandeffective
11. To providethe public with confidence thattheir complainswill be dealt with effectively
To protect the presswith governmentinterference.
IPSO – IndependentPressStandardsOrganisation
IPSO is an independentregulatorfor the newspaperand magazineindustry in the UK. IPSOisnot seen
to fulfil Levesonsrecommendationssoisn’ta Levesoncomplaintregulator with official regulatory
status, this is:
To hold newspapersto account
To protect the rightsof the individual
To upholdthe standardsofjournalism
To maintainfreedom of expressionfor the press.
It’sfundedby the nationaldaily newspaper tiles that are members of the body.
The Guardian hasopted outof this scheme and self-regulated.
Regulation successful complaints
1) In thisarticle, it speaksabouthow a woman namedGillian Chapmankilled herself after suffering
from menopause. Thiswas written by the Daily mirror when a woman complainedas they had used
the wrong picture of the lady who haddied. This therefore means thatthe mirror had breached
clause 1 (accuracy) of the Editors code of Practice. The complainantsaidthat the article was
inaccurate in breach of Clause 1 (Accuracy) becauseit hadwrongly statedthat she – the former
mayorof the Boroughof Dacorum – was dead, when in fact the inquesthadrelated to another
womanof the samename. She saidthat the image in the article was of her, notthe other woman. On
receiving the complaintvia IPSO, thepublicationaccepted that it had publisheda significant
inaccuracy thatrequired correction. It subsequently offered towrite a personalletter of apology to
the complainant, andto publishthe following correction on page 2 of the print newspaper.
12. Clause 1 (Accuracy)
i) The Press musttakecare not topublishinaccurate, misleading or distortedinformationor images,
including headlinesnot supportedby the text
ii) A significant inaccuracy, misleading statementor distortionmustbe corrected, promptly andwith
due prominence, and — where appropriate— an apology published. Incases involvingIPSO, due
prominenceshouldbe as required by the regulator.
In this article, Katie Hopkinstalksabouther disliking for all of migrants. This included her calling them
cockroachesto see themas an infestation. This ended upwith lotsof complaintsbutwas never
upheldby IPSO. Thereasoningfor thisis because shewas talkingaboutanyonewho comes overto
the country andwasn’ttargeting one specific groupof people, IPSOsaid “And actually in ourterms for
13. it to be discrimination, the complainantwould havehad toshow thatan individualor a groupof
individualswere discriminatedagainst by that phrase.”
“I felt thatthe phrase was in very badtaste butbad taste is notsomethingthat is covered by the
editors’ code.”
The guardian
Initially knownas the ManchesterGuardianand foundedin 1821.
Today’sGuardianNews andMedia ltd is one of the UK’sleading Mediaorganisations.
Althoughthe U Gov survey places them as left of centre they state that their journalismdoes nothave
commercial or political interference.
The GuardianMedia Groupincludes the Guardian andObservernewspapers andtheguardian.com.
The Scott Trustowns the GMG, its aim is to secure the papers independenceand ensurethat no
single owner can buy or controlthe paper. The Trust’spurposeis to:
Safeguard the Guardianfrom political interference
Protect the Guardian’snews valuesof honest, fair, liberal investigativejournalism.
Economic modelsand funding
In 2016 theGMG establisheda new businessplanto addressthe economic lossesassociated with the
decline in print circulation andloss in revenue.
The aimed to:
Enhance operatingefficiency
Reduce costsby 20%
Secure new growthopportunitiesfor the GMG as a global organisation
Adapt tochanges in the advertisingmarket.
In responsethe Guardianhas been successful in developingalternative funding andrevenue streams.
1 Donations:
More than800,00 readersfundthe Guardian:
570,00 regularsupporters
375,00 one-offcontributions
2 The Scott Trust:
The Trust focusseson socially responsibleinvestmentandall profit from these investmentssupports
GMG
14. The Trust set up theguardian.organon-profitorganisationthatraisesfunds from groupsor private
donors
3 Philanthropic contributions
These come from wealthy donorssuchas Bill gates (former Microsoftowner)
4 Reducing productionCosts
In 2018 thesize format of the paper changedfrom a Berliner (European format) to a a
tabloid.
The reduction in size format savedthe newspaper £19 million
The cover price for the newspaper was increased to £2.00 in2016 and£2.20 in 2019.
5 Offsetting losses with digital versionsof the brand
Digital revenueshave increased by 15 percent since 2016
The digital armof the Guardiancomprises 50% of GMG revenue
The guardianalso have a significant online presence:
The guardianonline-https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news
The guardianapp-
Across different platformsthe readership lookslike:
Desktop7.8 million
Tablet 3.1 million
Mobile 15.8 million.
This suggeststhatthe Guardians adaptationstochanges in digital technology and convergencewithin
the industry are workingand helping the paper tosurviveand flourish.
15. These articles by the guardian can showhow they can be seen as partially left wing. Thisis because
they have socialist views. For example, in the article onthe left they’re showingrespect for the
confidentiality of homelesspeople and thatthey still deserve rights. On the secondone, they’re
showinghow gay couplesshouldhave the right toprotest for their rights andmarriage.
AUDIENCE
Audiences can be divided upby statistical datasuch as age, gender (socio-economic)or by behavior
(uses andgratification) and experiences suchattitudesto social issues. Segmentingaudiencesin such
a way in helps newspapersunderstandaudiencesbetter.
Audiences can be segmented
Demographically
Psychometrically
Demographics groupsa populationintospecific categories suchas
Age
Gender
Social class
16. Ethnicity
Religion income level
Geographical location and so on…
Mostnews companiesfocus on ABC demographicgrades.
Psychometricsis anotherway of categorizing audiences. Oneway is touse VAL’s typology which
consistsof
Values
Attitudes
Lifestyle or behaviour.
Psychometrictypesandtheir Val characteristics
Aspirer- Mainstreamer- iPhone Resigned-
Explorer- Travelling holiday Reformer- Struggler-
Succeeder- Designer clothes (Gucci shoes)
17. VAL groups:
The sun: The times: The guardian:
Mainstream Succeeder Explorer
Stuggler Aspirer Reformer
Resigned Reformer Succeeder
In thisfront cover, the target audience can be segmented
demographically. Firstly, the age is targeted at adultsfrom 30
upwards. The social class is alsoaimed at aroundthe social
demographicgrade of B- middle class. This is because they are
supportingcapitalistviews here of immigrationso they are going
againstideas of socialism which thisclass wouldalso supportas
they are seen as higher in class then thosewho are immigratingand
so wouldn’twantmore people in the country. People of low class
wouldn’tagree with reading thisas they wouldbe moresupportive
of lower class people. This is also aimed at British peopleof this
class as they are sayingthat there shouldnotbe as many
immigrants, which could be aimed at Brits as they don’twant more
people in the country. The majority of otherpeople wouldn’tbe
targeted for this as they are notfrom Britain themselves sohence
wouldn’tagree with the headline.
In thisfront cover, the guardianis showinga
left wing and socialist approachto
unemployment. Thisisdue to them having
concern for social problemsandtargeted
people. Thiscan be aimed at older adultsin
order to get them tohelp. This is by
highlightinghow big the problem is. In addition
could alsobe aimed at the youngtoshow how
many other peole could be strugglinglike
them. Adding on, it is mainly aimed at well
educated people dueto needing knowledge
aboutthe topic, and also because it is a
broadsheetsothere is a lot of writing which is
very small. Due to how they speak aboutblack
people specifically, thiscould be aimed at them
as they may want tosupportpeople who are strugglingbut overall this shouldbeaimed at any typeof
personas it is a big problemwhich shouldbe helped.
18. Newspapersmustappeal to audiencesand advertisersto stay profitable. They do histhroughthe
contentthey offer to their audiences. The storiesfeatured in a paper reflect the viewpoint of the
owner and editor of the paper, they mustalso reinforce the valuesand interest of the target
audience.
Harcup’snews values (2001)addressthe importanceand appealof sensationalismandattracting
audiences:
Celebrity
Ant and Dec: TV presenters
Goodnews
Easy help with getting
fit and popular
presenter is back on
TV
Surprise
Prince Andrew is being
claimed as a paedo
Bad news
Prince Andrew is being
claimed as a paedo
Relevance
More excitement and
detail aboutthe show.
Entertainment
Drama, witty headline, TV
shows
Relevance
Disputebetween chief and
prince
Magnitude
Impactof a big andbad news
story. Badnews spreads quickly
due to shock
19. How newspapers target and reach their audiences
1) Price:
Set to appeal toaudiences socio demographicprofile
Tabloid is 40-70pwhereasquality newspapersor broadsheetsare £1.60-£2.70
2) Crossplatform media:
Marketingprint news acrossdifferent medias e.g. social
3) Promotionaloffers:
Offers suchas free giveaways, posters, discountsonholidaysshoppingvouchersappealto
andreach the target audience
4) Subscriptions
5) Sponsorship:
Newspaperswill sponsoreventsthatreflect the valuesof the paper andcan interest the
readers.
6) Partnershipmarketing:
Deals with othercompaniesthat help to promotebothproductstosimilar audiences with the
aim of widening the market share bothproductscan access
USES AND GRATIFICATION
20. The Daily Mail
Age- Mainly 55+
Gender- Morewomen
Social class-C1 and C2
Region-London
21. Online versionof the guardian: Print versionof the guardian:
In the onlineversion of the guardian, the main image is of JohnMcDonnell, who is a power elite in
relation to Harcupsnews values. This is because he is powerful within the governmentdueto him
being called a “shadowchancellor” and so hasauthority overwhat happensin England. Also
according to Harcupsnews values he is knownas a celebrity, for obviousreasonsthathe is already
well knownas a politician. In thisonline version, there are also more celebrities mentionedother than
the main article, such as Prince Andrew and Bill Gates. Furthermore, the main article in the red box
can also be seen as a follow up story dueto the fact thatpolitics is alwaysin the news soit is giving
more detail to previousstories aboutthe government. Inthesurroundingarticles, there is also a
feature of bad news, which is thatin London, burglarshave taken£1mworthof jewellery from a
home. This is knownas bad news in his valuesas it is a negative topic becausesomeonehas lost £1m
worth of accessories which couldbe extremely upsetting. Thiscan even link to the target audience as
the guardianviewers are mainly AB adultsin relation tosocial class, and a part of their audience are
labelled as succeeders sothey would knowwhat it is like to haveexpensive things, they also have 40%
of them from London, sothis couldappeal them as its basedin where they live so wouldwant to find
outaboutit. The otherbad news is aboutthe NHS asit saysthatpatients are in danger which is very
seriousand shocking. There is also an element of good news in this paperas in the environment
section, it saysBill Gates is creating 1000c+ heat which is goodbecause it is a new invention.
Entertainmentwise, the section titled impeachmentcould potentially work. This is because it says
“youwouldn’tbelieve what I’ve justheard” as the title, so it could be an unfoldingdrama at human
interest as there is nothinggivingthe story away as all we know is thatit involvestrump. Finally, there
is also lots of relevance in the paper. This is because the main readers of the guardianare over 55, so
they may want toappeal a youngeraudience, which is why they haveincluded somethingabout
snapchat, asthey knowit’s usedevery day by lotsof youngpeopleand thatonly 27% oftheir readers
are between 15 and 24, sothey want this to increase. Lastly, in this online copy, the guardiangive the
optionto subscribeat them at the topof the page. This is their way of keeping their audience and
tryingto attract people to keep upto date with their news. This could be targeted to the AB class
22. audience as their content is often very educative so the specific paper of the guardianmay be more
suited tothem.
In the printversionof the guardian, the mainheadline is about the NHS.Inrelationto Harcupsnews
values, they wouldbe knownas a power elite as they are a well knownand powerful organisationas
they help tonsof ill people. Inaddition, as thisheadline uses the words “crisis” “risk” “safety” it
indicates thatit’s definitely goingto state somebad news as it is a negativetopic which talks about
the risk of hospitalpatients, so is a worrying topic.There is also nogoodnews on this frontcover,
which showsthis even more.Inthe topright handside, there is an heading for an article about
“MarinaHyde” which involvesmystery aboutif she is secretly a rivalry. This can therefore be seen as
entertainmentaccording to harcupsnews values as it may involvean unfoldingdrama at a readers
interest.Notonly this, butthis headline can have an element of surprise which is once againone of
Harcups news values. This is purely because it can be shockingto the reader to find outthat someone
is hiding how they act and are secret seen as a rivalry.There is also anotherseparate article headingin
the topleft corner aboutPrince Andrew. Firstly, this involvesa celebrity which is another of his news
values. This is effective as famousnamescan draw peoplein tosee what happenedas they might
already knowsome informationaboutthe person. Secondly, thistitle can alsobe classedas a follow
up, as this story hasalready been circulating the news onmultiple occasions, so it could give more
detail and different perspectivesto a similar article or story already written.