Whenever we talk about electric vehicles, our focus is inclined toward developments of onboard battery technology. Naturally, a better battery means greater range from the EV, which in turn improves the prospect of our buying one in future. Since it also means that EVs can carry more passengers and luggage while going farther on a single charge. However what we don't realize is that it is the Electric Motor that is driving our EVs, and developments and improvements to it would hugely add up to the benefits. 

1. NEW-AGE
TECHNOLOGIES IN
ELECTRIC MOTORS FOR
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
PREPARED BY:
BHARGAV G SHAH

2. INTRODUCTION
• Whenever we talk about electric vehicles, our focus is inclined toward
developments of onboard battery technology. Naturally, a better
battery means greater range from the EV, which in turn improves the
prospect of our buying one in future. Since it also means that EVs can
carry more passengers and luggage while going farther on a single
charge. However what we don't realize is that it is the Electric Motor
that is driving our EVs, and developments and improvements to it
would hugely add up to the benefits.
BGS

3. INTRODUCTION
• Electric motors are the simplest of all the engines in the world. The basic
design of EM is so reliable, that it has remained fundamentally unchanged
over the last century. However, to keep up with the pace of development
and demanding efficiency requirements of the future, EMs need to change
structurally to meet those efficiency goals fundamentally, while taking help
from electronics only where it is required, to remain future proof.
BGS

4. POWER TO WEIGHT
RATIO
• The basic challenge while developing a new-age EM
is reducing the weight and dimension of the motor
while increasing the useful power coming out from its
shaft or rotor. This means that it is packaging with the
chassis will be much easier while it can accelerate
faster while carrying more passengers and luggage
under the same or smaller body shell.
• Also, it will be consuming lesser energy from the
battery, thus it can go farther for the same battery
pack, or can reduce battery pack size for the same
range. BGS

5. 1. SWITCHED RELUCTANCE
MOTOR
• These motors are in many ways similar to Brushless DC motors. Switched
Reluctance Motors differs from Brushless DC motors in terms of their rotor
design. Instead of a permanent magnet or copper magnetic coils in the rotor, The
SRM rotor is of solid salient pole design, generally made of laminated steel.
• The advantage of these motors is that their torque and speed can very easily be
controlled by switching the direction of the magnetic field in the stator by inverter
drive, and that explains their name.
• They are much cheaper compared to brushless DC motors whose rotors are made
of rare earth material for magnets which are expensive and delicate. Yet SRM can
deliver almost similar performance at a much cheaper price.
Application:-
• For medium and small size EVs, different types of permanent magnet motors are
currently in use, but they are becoming expensive with time and will be very costly
if used in heavy-duty vehicles. Thus, switched reluctance motors being cost-
effective and rugged are high tech for electric vehicles.
BGS

6. 2. AXIAL FLUX MOTOR
• This is a compact, high power density motor. Their design is unusual
for any conventional motor in the sense that they look like a large disc,
rather than a cylinder that we are used to seeing.
• These are called axial flux motors because the magnetic flux from
their stator is produced along the axis and not radially, as in
conventional motors. This provides the motor with a high level of
compactness while giving greater output to the rotor.
• Also by the virtue of design, the magnetic interaction between stator
and rotors is much more efficient, making this motor 3-5 times more
energy-dense than conventional motors.
Application:-
• These motors are ideal for use in applications like electric two-
wheelers, electric aircraft and the like, where space is a major
constraint, but demand for power is higher.
BGS

7. 3. MODULAR HET MOTOR
• The HET (Hunstable Electric Turbine) Motor does not need rare earth
magnets to achieve high torque. The controller assembly is integrated and
sealed within the fully potted motor.
• HET is an electric installation with four rotors rather than a regular single
unit. The central rotor rotates inside the stator, creating one source of
torque. Meanwhile, the second rotor rotates outside the stator, creating a
second source. Two additional rotors are located at different ends of the
stator – in fact, these are two concentric radial engines with two axial.
• By concentrating magnetic flux it magnify torque and increase efficiency
across the full speed range of the machine.
• It produces more torque than others with less input power.
Application:-
• These motors are ideal for use in powering last-mile transportation
applications including autonomous robots, forklifts, light electric
motorcycles, golf carts, e-bikes, e-scooters and industrial applications.
BGS

8. 4. PCB MOTOR
• Conventional motors feature a steel core with copper windings,
causing eddy currents that result in significant motor losses.
Replacing the core and copper windings with the PCB stator
eliminates these losses, resulting in a higher efficiency motor.
• Lightweight materials means motors generate all the power in
half the weight and size, at a fraction of the carbon footprint of
conventional motors.
• Sensors embedded in both the VFD and motor provides insights
into performance, allowing for predictive and prescriptive
maintenance, preventing unscheduled downtime.
Application:-
• These motors are ideal for use in passenger vehicles,
commercial vehicles and aerospace applications.
BGS

9. 5. CR MOTOR
• The motor, bases its operation on the magnetic repulsion and the
increase of the magnetic field by the concentration of the lines of force.
It is composed of rotating discs, which can rotate in the same direction,
or in the opposite direction (counter-revolution).
• The discs contain permanent magnets (neodymium) that follow the
rotating magnetic field, generated by the stator. It has a variable
number of coils according to the revolutions or power that you wish to
obtain. The rotation control is carried out by means of a magnetic field
detector (hall, optical) with electronic position control.
Application:-
• These motors are ideal for use in aircraft, helicopters & drones
applications.
BGS

10. THANK YOU