This document discusses the benefits of breastfeeding for both infants and mothers. It provides details on the nutritional composition and bioactive components of human milk, which contain antibodies, growth factors, and other properties that protect infants from disease and promote healthy development. Breastfeeding is associated with lower risks of gastrointestinal infections, respiratory illnesses, and conditions like leukemia in infants. For mothers, breastfeeding aids postpartum weight loss and reduces the risks of diabetes, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. The document emphasizes exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months as the best source of nutrition for infants.
Nutrition For Lactating and pregnant womanCM Pandey
Knowledge of Nutrition is essential to prevent maternal and infant malnutrition and mortality. To share some knowledge I have gained, I have shared here my and my friend's class seminar on the topic 'Nutrition for Pregnant and Lactating Women'
Nutrition For Lactating and pregnant womanCM Pandey
Knowledge of Nutrition is essential to prevent maternal and infant malnutrition and mortality. To share some knowledge I have gained, I have shared here my and my friend's class seminar on the topic 'Nutrition for Pregnant and Lactating Women'
Nutritional Management of Premature InfantsMCH-org-ua
International conference «Actual approaches to the extremely preterm babies: International experience and Ukrainian realities» (Kyiv, Ukraine, March 5-6, 2013)
Benefits of colostrum powder – Bovine ColostrumSureshDesiGhee
The young ones do not have a well developed immune system. Thus, it becomes essential to provide immunity for the newborn in order to adjust itself to the outer environmental temperature as well as infections. The colostrum is loaded with immunity that helps the newborn to fight against infections and bacterial or viral agents.
During lactation these wonder foods helps you in improving your milk secretion and also improves the quality of milk. So including these foods in your daily diet can really make your lactation process easy.
Benefits of Colostrum: The Missing Link in GI Healthalbertsnow
The benefits of Colostrum are numerous when talking about GI health. Colostrum is certainly an essential part of the protocol I use in order to treat every gastrointestinal problem. As a matter of fact, it is even a part of Mother Nature's protocol when it comes to preventing GI problems as well as other health problems.
A woman's body undergoes many transformations during the nine months of pregnancy. Some of these physical changes are visible, such as an expanding belly and weight gain, and changes such as enlarged uterus, morning sickness, backaches, respiratory, cardio vascular etc.. This ppt gives more information on maternal weight gain and energy cost
Nutritional Management of Premature InfantsMCH-org-ua
International conference «Actual approaches to the extremely preterm babies: International experience and Ukrainian realities» (Kyiv, Ukraine, March 5-6, 2013)
Benefits of colostrum powder – Bovine ColostrumSureshDesiGhee
The young ones do not have a well developed immune system. Thus, it becomes essential to provide immunity for the newborn in order to adjust itself to the outer environmental temperature as well as infections. The colostrum is loaded with immunity that helps the newborn to fight against infections and bacterial or viral agents.
During lactation these wonder foods helps you in improving your milk secretion and also improves the quality of milk. So including these foods in your daily diet can really make your lactation process easy.
Benefits of Colostrum: The Missing Link in GI Healthalbertsnow
The benefits of Colostrum are numerous when talking about GI health. Colostrum is certainly an essential part of the protocol I use in order to treat every gastrointestinal problem. As a matter of fact, it is even a part of Mother Nature's protocol when it comes to preventing GI problems as well as other health problems.
A woman's body undergoes many transformations during the nine months of pregnancy. Some of these physical changes are visible, such as an expanding belly and weight gain, and changes such as enlarged uterus, morning sickness, backaches, respiratory, cardio vascular etc.. This ppt gives more information on maternal weight gain and energy cost
#. nursing
#ABHIJITBHOYAR1
It includes the meaning of breastfeeding, advantages, steps, contraindication and the problems found while feeding to the baby.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
1. Breast feeding
1. 1. MOTHER’S MILK DR PRIYANKA GUPTA RESIDENT II DEPARTMANT OF PEDIATRICS
2. 2. BREAST FEEDING A WINNING GOAL FOR LIFE
3. 3. Role of a pediatrician • They should be able to answer • Why ? • How? • How long to
continue ? • Contraindications to breastfeeding?
4. 4. Why to breast feed? • Good for the baby • Good for the mother • Good for the nation
5. 5. Mother’s Milk – The best milk for Infant Under any circumstances, “Mother’s Milk” is the
ideal food for infant. No other food is required till 6 months of age.
6. 6. Why mother’s milk??? The mother’s milk: 1. Always available – No preparation time. 2.
Proper temperature. 3. Clean & Fresh. 4. Free of contaminating agents. 5. Cheap.
7. 7. Breast is best? • Contains all the nutrients , growth factors and hormones that an infant
needs in the right amounts . Its composition changes as the baby grows. • Anti infective
properties: Macrophages, lymphocytes and polymorphs, Secretory IgA, Lyzozyme,
Lactoferrin (inhibits growth of E.coli.), anti-viral agents.
8. 8. Advantages of Breast Feeding To the infant: 1. Meets the full nutritional requirement of
infant. 2. Less incidence of allergy & intolerance. 3. Contains antimicrobials factors against
various diseases.
9. 9. Infant health outcomes Strong or causal evidence: • GI tract infections • Upper and lower
respiratory tract infections • Otitis media • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia • Sudden infant
death syndrome Evidence in development: • Cognitive development • Atopic allergies •
Asthma • Other pediatric cancers • Childhood obesity
10. 10. Maternal benefits of breastfeeding • Breastfeeding may confer immediate and long term
benefits to mothers, especially if recommendation for exclusivity and duration are met. •
Such benefits may strengthen motivation and commitment to breastfeeding
11. 11. Maternal benefits of breastfeeding Reason to Initiate breastfeeding • Reduce maternal
bleeding after delivery 27% deaths are due to postpartum haemorrhage • involute uterus •
Facilitate positive metabolic changes • Reduce stress • Delay ovulation
12. 12. Maternal benefits of breastfeeding Reason to continue breastfeeding • Increase
postpartum weight loss • Prolong lactational amenorrhea • Decrease visceral adiposity •
Reduce type 2 diabetes risk • Reduce cardiovascular risk • Reduce breast cancer risk •
Reduce ovarian cancer risk
13. 13. Maternal health outcomes Strong or causal evidence: • Postpartum weight loss •
Lactational amenorrhea • Breast cancer Evidence in development: • Ovarian cancer • Type 2
diabetes • Cardiovascular disease • bonding
14. 14. EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE • THE RESET HYPOTHESIS Stuebe AM, Rich-Edwards
JW. The reset hypothesis: lactation and maternal metabolism. Am J Perinatol
2009;26(1):81–8 • 1)50% higher risk of developing type2 diabetes among women who never
exclusively breastfed • 2)28%lower risk of developing ovarian cancer among women who
exclusively breast fed. • 3) 4 to 12% reduction in risk of diabetes for every 12 months of
lifetime lactation • 4)Risk of breast cancer decreases by 4.3% for each year of breast feeding
1) Schwarz EB, Brown JS, Creasman JM, et al. Lactation and maternal risk of type 2
diabetes: a population-based study. Am J Med 2010;123(9):863–6. 4 )p. S, Chung M,
Raman G, et al. A summary of the agency for healthcare research and quality’s evidence
report on breastfeeding in developed countries. Breast- feed Med 2009;4(1):S17–30.
15. 15. HUMAN MILK • HUMAN MILK COMPOSITION • TERM MILK VERSUS PRETERM MILK
• MOTHER’S MILK VERSUS TOP FEED • FOREMILK VERSUS HIND MILK
16. 16. Mother’s MILK • Dynamic, multifaceted fluid • Contains nutrients and bioactive factors
17. 17. Colostrum in Human Milk • Thick, yellow fluid • Provides 58-70 cal/100 ml. • High in
protein, electrolytes, sodium, potassium, chloride and vitamin A. • Low in fat and
carbohydrate. • Lactobacillus bifidus factor. • Contains antibodies immune system cells.
2. 18. 18. Colostrum Benefits of colostrum feeding: 1. Perfect food for infants in initial days. 2.
Laxative effect – clears infant’s intestines of initial stools; prevents jaundice. 3. Contains
leukocytes which prevent infection. 4. Contains IgA which also provides immunity.
19. 19. Change in Milk Composition During Feeding • Foremilk – Released first – Higher in
carbohydrate – Lower in fat • Hindmilk – Resembles cream – Higher in fat – Lower in
carbohydrate – Released after 10-20 minutes into the feeding
20. 20. Foremilk and Hindmilk Baby starts feeding Foremilk Low fat, High Lactose milk MILK
EJECTION REFLEX Milk & sticking fat on ducts squeezed Hindmilk High fat milk
21. 21. Specific Nutrients in Human Milk Human Milk Composition (per liter) Milk Component
Early Milk Mature Milk Lactose (g) 20-30 67 Total protein (g) 16 9 Fat% 2 3.5 Calories 0
2730-2940 Retinol (mg) 2 0.3-0.6 Caretenoids (mg) 2 0.3-0.6 Riboflavin (ug) 0 400-600
Niacin (mg) 0.5 1.8-6.0 Vitamin B6 (mg) 0 0.9-0.31 Pantothenic acid (mg) 0 2-2.5 Biotin (ug)
0 5-9 Folate (ug) 0 80-140 Vitamin B12 (ug) 0 .5-1.0 Vitamin C (mg) 0 100 Vitamin D
(microgram) 0 0.33 Vitamin E (mg) 2-12 3-8 Vitamin K (microgram) 2-8 2-3 Calcium (mg)
250 200-500 Phosphorus (mg) 120-160 120-140 Magnesium (mg) 30-35 30-35 Copper (mg)
0.5-0.8 0.2-0.4 Iron (mg) 0.5-1.0 0.3-0.9 Zinc (mg) 8-12 1-3
22. 22. Hind milk • Hind milk has been successfully used to improve growth outcome of very
premature infants • Recommended for their nutritional management Valentine CJ. Optimizing
human milk fortification for the preterm infant. PNPG Building Block for Life 2011;34(4):9–11.
1
23. 23. Preterm Vs term milk • Preterm milk contains more protein and fat • Preterm milk
contains higher levels of EGF than term milk • BDNF can enhance peristalsis, a function
frequently impaired in preterm gut. • Preterm milk contains less VEGF than term milk Liao Y,
Alvarado R, Phinney B, et al. Proteomic characterization of human milk whey proteins during
a twelve-month lactation period. J Proteome Res 2011; 10(4):1746–54. 1 . Gao X, McMahon
RJ, Woo JG, et al. Temporal changes in milk proteomes reveal developing milk functions. J
Proteome Res 2012;11(7):3897–907.
24. 24. Composition of breast milk vs cows milk • Carbohydrate: Human milk 7% Cows milk
4.5% lactose • Fat : mother’s milk is rich in PUFA, • Minerals Cows milk contains more of all
the minerals (esp sodium, calcium and phosphate) except iron and copper. • Vitamins Cows
milk is low in vitamin C and D but more thiamine and riboflavin.
25. 25. Mature Human Milk • Provides 65kcal/100ml • High in linoleic acid and cholesterol
content for brain development • High in fat content and lactose • Docosahexaenoic acids
(DHA) – Used for synthesis of brain tissues, central nervous system and eyes • DHA and
cholesterol not found in human milk substitutes
26. 26. Mature Human Milk- PRO • Protein – Low content • Dependent on infant’s age – Antiviral
and antimicrobial effects – Whey (lactalbumin and lactoglobulin) • Major protein in mature
milk • Easily digestable • Ideal ratio of cystine, taurine and methionine to support
development of CNS AND PNS
27. 27. Mature Human Milk- CHO • Lactose – Dominant carbohydrate in human milk. –
Enhances calcium absorption. • Other carbohydrates – Monosaccharides ( glucose) –
Stimulate the growth of bifidus bacteria in the gut • Inhibit the growth of E. coli and other
bacteria
28. 28. Micronutrients • Vary in human milk according to maternal diet and body stores. •
Continuing multivitamins during lactation is recommended. • Vitamin K is extremely low in
human milk. • Vitamin D is low in human milk.
29. 29. Bioactive components and their sources • CELLS macrophages: protection against
infection stem cells : regeneration and repair • Immunoglobulins : IgA, IgM,IgG • Cytokines
:IL-6,IL-7,IL-8 ,IL-10, IFN-y , TGF-beta • Chemokines : G-CSF, MIF
30. 30. BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS • GROWTH FACTORS- EGF, VEGF, NGF, IGF,
Erythropoetin • HORMONES- calcitonin,somatostain • Antimicrobials –lactoferrin,lactadherin/
MFG • METABOLIC HORMONES- Adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin
3. 31. 31. Why NO to top feed????? Mother’s Milk • Wide range of composition • Dynamic • Varies
with in a feeding • Diurnal variation FORMULA FEED • Narrow range • fixed
32. 32. Why no to top feed????? • Formula feeding delays lactogenesis • Formula feeding
increases the risk of engorgement . • It alters infant intestinal flora • Formula feeding affects
bioactive factor interactions within the intestine • Formula feeding is associated with
increased childhood acute and chronic illnesses
33. 33. WHAT STUDIES SAY A study by Davis, California found that after 4 months postpartum,
the macronutrient concentrations of human milk are associated with: • maternal body weight
for height • Protein intake • Parity • Return of menstruation • Nursing frequency . Nommsen
LA, Lovelady CA, Heinig MJ, et al. Determinants of energy, protein, lipid, and lactose
concentrations in human milk during the first 12 month of lacttion: the DARLING Study. Am J
Clin Nutr 1991;53(2):457
34. 34. What studies say • Some evidence that Erythropoetin may help protect against mother to
child transmission of HIV • Erythropoetin may reduce the risk of necrotizing colitis. • One
study found a 9 fold increase in risk of diarrhoea who were not breast fed Shiou SR, Yu Y,
Chen S, et al. Erythropoietin protects intestinal epithelial barrier function and lowers the
incidence of experimental neonatal necrotizing entero- colitis. J Biol Chem
2011;286(14):12123–32. . Arsenault JE, Webb AL, Koulinska IN, et al. Association between
breast milk erythropoietin and reduced risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. J Infect
Dis 2010;202(3):370–3. . Claud EC, Savidge T, Walker WA. Modulation of human intestinal
epithelial cell IL-8 secretion by human milk factors. Pediatr Res 2003;53:419–25.
35. 35. Potential novel therapeutics based on human milk components 1)Lactoferrin may
significantly reduce late onset sepsis 2) Stem cells are also found in mother’s milk, use is
under trial 1)Agennix. Phase 1/2 study of talactoferrin oral solution for nosocomial infection in
preterm infants: Available at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00854633. Accessed
August 23, 2012. 2)Indumathi S, DhanasekaranM, Rajkumar JS, et al. Exploring the stem
cell and non-stem cell constituents of human breast milk. Cytotechnology 2012. [Epub
36. 36. EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE 1) 72% lower risk of hospitalisation for respiratory
infections. 2)One study reviewed breast fed infants have 64% less chances of contracting GI
infections. 3) Studies have reported that infants breastfed greater than 6 months had a 24%
reduction in risk of ALL 1.Bachrach VR, Schwarz E, Bachrach LR. Breastfeeding and the risk
of hospitalisation for respiratory disease in infancy: a meta-analysis. 2.p S, Chung M, Raman
G, et al. A summary of the agency for healthcare research and quality’s evidence report on
breastfeeding in developed countries. Breast- feed Med 2009;4(1):S17–30. ) . Arch Pediatr
AdolescMed 2003;157(3):237–43 3. Kwan M, Buffler P, Abrams B, et al. Breastfeeding and
the risk of childhood leukemia: a meta-analysis. Public Health Rep 2004;119(6):521–35.
37. 37. Achieving MDG’S • So breast feeding helps a nation to acheiving MDG • Decreasing
poverty • Education for all • Equality of sexes • Decreasing infant mortality rate • Improving
mother’s health • Environmental conservation • National and international support
38. 38. FOLLOW • A • L • P • A • C