This project presents a system to control the speed and direction of DC motors using an Arduino microcontroller, an Android application, and Bluetooth technology. The approach utilizes pulse width modulation (PWM) for speed regulation, enabling control via a smartphone interface for applications such as robotic vehicles and industrial machinery. The system enhances operational efficiency by minimizing manual controls and allowing for wireless communication, demonstrating significant potential for agricultural and industrial applications.

1. Control speed of DC motor with Arduino
By
Abbar Ahmed Mahmoud
Saleh Ali Abdulhassan
Ahmed Hamid Diab
Supervisor
Asst . Sahar Najat Shaker

2. Abstract
This project uses the principle to control the speed of the
motor by varying the duty cycle of the pulse applied to it
(popularly known as PWM control). Remote operation is
achieved by any smart phone/Tablet etc., with Android OS,
upon a GUI (Graphical User Interface) based touch screen
operation. The project uses Bluetooth device, interfaced to
the microcontroller, which are used to control the speed of
motor. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) is generated at the
output by the microcontroller as per the program. The
program can be written in Embedded C. The project is
designed to control the speed of DC motor by current and
voltage controlled device using Arduino microcontroller
with android application device.

3. Introduction
DC motors have some control capabilities, which means that speed,
torque and even direction of rotation can be changed at anytime to
meet new condition. DC motors also can provide a high starting torque
at low speed and itis possible to obtain speed control over a wide
range.
Today most of the industries use DC motors. So, speed controlling of
DC motors plays a very vital role. Therefore our paper based on
monitoring and controlling the speed and direction of DC motor using
Android mobile application, with the help of Bluetooth technology
both forward and reverse direction simultaneously with the help of
L293D IC. Smart phones have in built Bluetooth technology, so
external Bluetooth module is interfaced with the microcontroller unit
for wireless communication. The Bluetooth module receives command
from the mobile phone android application. So, according to the input
signal, with the help of arduino, MOSFET can be used to vary the
voltage and IGBT can be used to vary the current as well as the speed
of the DC motor using PWM technique. Direction of the DC motor can
also be varied with the help of relay circuit or H-Bridge network

4. Problem Statement
In real world, motor applications not only use
the maximum speed of motor. It maybe uses
only 50% of its speed. So, the speed of the
motor must be control. For some
applications, motor is using not only one
direction but with alternate direction to
control a machine. In industrial field, some
machine or robots cannot get in touch
according to safety and the location of those
things.

5. Objectives
The main objective of this project is to assemble a two-
wheeled vehicle robot and control its motors using the
current as the main variable. In order to achieve the
primary goal, some other objectives have to be realized,
such as:
1) To control direction and vary the speed of DC motor
by using microcontroller.
2) To develop a software using assembly language of the
microcontroller.
3) Control the speed using the phone through bluetooth

6. Scope
1) Design a circuit for controlling speed and
direction of DC motor.
2) Develop programming for the
microcontroller.
3) Control the speed using the phone
through bluetooth
4) Designing a car robot and controlling its
speed using a phone

7. Project specifications
 Can be used to drive small conveyor belts in
2 directions and with dimmer would be able
to handle both directional control and speed
control.
 It is also possible to use this circuit for any
robotic application where directional control
is needed with speed control such as RC
helicopters’ or aircrafts’ propellers. Single
Phase Induction Motor Speed Control Using
PWM AC Chopper Fan Applications

8. DC motor
A direct current (DC) motor is a fairly simple electric
motor that uses electricity and a magnetic field to
produce torque, Which causes it to turn. At its most
simple, It requires two magnets of opposite polarity and
an electric coil, which acts as an electromagnet. The
repellent and attractive electromagnetic forces of the
magnets provide the torque that causes the motor to
turn Anyone who has ever played with magnets knows
that they are polarized, With a positive and a negative
side. The attraction between opposite poles and the
repulsion of similar poles can easily be felt, even with
relatively weak magnets. A DC motor uses these
properties to convert electricity into motion. As the
magnets within the motor attract and repel one another,
the motor turns

9. Types of DC motors
1-Permanent magnet motors
The permanent magnet motor uses a magnet to supply field flux, permanent
magnet DC motors have excellent starting torque capability with good
speed regulation, a disadvantage of permanent magnet DC motors is they
are limited to the amount of load they can drive, these motors can be found
on low power applications
2-Series motors
In a series DC motor the field is connected in series with the armature, the
field is wound with a few turns of large wire because it must carry the full
armature current.
3-Shunt motors
In a shunt motor the field is connected in parallel (shunt) with the armature
windings, the shunt-connected motor offers good speed regulation,The field
winding can be separately excited or connected to the same source as the
armature.
4-Compound motors
Compound motors have a field connected in series with the armature and a
separately excited shunt field, the series field provides better starting torque
and the shunt fieldprovides better speed regulation.

10. Speed control methods
There are 5 main ways to achieve speed regulation in DC
motors as follow :
1-Armature or rheostat control method.
2-Flux control method. It is seen that speed of the
motor is inversely proportional to flux.
3-Armature control method.
4-Voltage control method.
5-Variable resistance in series with armature.

11. Hardware
1-Arduino UNO
This is one of the first and most popular
Arduino boards to use and the easiest to teach.
The most important characteristic of this type
is that the controller chip is not fixed in the
board but is installed on a stand, and this feature
makes it the best choice for beginners so that if
you accidentally burn the chip while working on
your project, you can restore your work on the
board by simply changing the controller chip to
another of the same model.

12. Hardware
- Hard Ware component

13. Hardware
2- Robot Chassis 2WD Plastic
2WD Smart Car Robot Chassis for Arduinos with Motor
Speed Encoder Battery Holder This kit included acrylic
parts ,support wheel, DC gear motor ,speed
encoder ,Universal wheel,4-cell battery
holder ,switch ,screw and nuts
3- Bluetooth HC-05 Module
is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol)
module, designed for transparent wireless serial
connection setup. Its communication is via serial
communication which makes an easy way to interface with
controller or PC. HC-05 Bluetooth module provides
switching mode between master and slave mode which
means it able to use neither receiving nor transmitting
data

14. Bluetooth HC-05 Module
Robot Chassis 2WD Plastic
L298N Motor Driver

15. 4- PCB 2sided Prototype veroBoard
Universal prototype PCB circuit board, 2.54mm hole
pitch, double sided, tin plated, used for point to point
soldering
5- IC 7805
7805 is a three terminal linear voltage regulator IC with
a fixed output voltage of 5V which is useful in a wide
range of applications.
6- UltraSonic HC-SR04 Sensor
The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor is a sensor
used for detecting the distance to an object using sonar.
It's ideal for any robotics projects your have which
require you to avoid objects, by detecting how close
they are you can steer away from them

16. UltraSonic HC-SR04 Sensor
IC 7805 :
PCB 2sided Prototype veroBoard

17. Software (Arduino IDE)
IDE stands for “Integrated Development
Environment” :it is an official software
introduced by Arduino.cc, that is mainly used
for editing, compiling and uploading the code
in the Arduino Device. Almost all Arduino
modules are compatible with this software
that is an open source and is readily available
to install and start compiling the code on the
go. In this article, we will introduce the
Software, how we can install it, and make it
ready for developing applications using
Arduino modules

18. EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS
Connecting the car body parts and installing the Arduino
Uno, the motor drive, the Bluetooth hc05 and the ultrasonic sensor .

19. EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS

20. EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS
Ultrasonic Sensor was used to build the Auto Brake
System. Trigger pin was connected to the D2 pin and
the Echo pin to A0. Auto braking systems only work
when forward run.

22. Conclusions
Electric motors are applied to provide mechanical work in industries.The
DC motors is considered to be a basic electric machine.The DC motors
are one of the electrical drives that are rapidly gaining popularity, due to
their high efficiency, good dynamic response and low maintenance.The DC
motors and drives have grown significantly in recent years in the appliance
industry and the automotive industry. DC drives are very preferable for
compact, low maintenance, and high reliability system . In this work, an
overview of DC motors, including the equations that represent torque,
rotor speed, field and armature currents and voltages is developed.
It is seen that controlling a DC motor using Android applications gives
user many advantages. Controlling the speed and direction of a DC motor
by giving instruction to the microcontroller will reduce the manual work.
This technology will also save the cost of wiring since it is based on
wireless technology called Bluetooth. Implementation of this system is
extremely easy since the motor is controlled by PWM to accept the
desired speed that keyed by the smartphone.This system is also suitable
for implementation in industries and homes. It is thus a promise that this
method is especially useful to control the speed of DC motor wirelessly.

23. Conclusions
Thus, the speed and direction control of the DC motor is achieved
with the help of Android mobile application with the help of
Bluetooth technology. In this way wireless communication is also
achieved.
we learnt that how present system is better and also more efficient
than the other systems. It is exceptionally compatible. It reduces
human efforts.
This terminate that present project work is a huge success and will
provide a considerable way for saving weather parameters of real
time and will help farmers, industries, normal people as well as
others whose daily life is related with weather and its parameters. It
can be used to get required information about for each or particular
area for many years. The collected information will used to
determine the best conditions required for plants to grow if we talk
about agriculture and the farmer can modify the environment
conditions which is more suitable for the plan growth.This, will have
a large effect on agriculture and also on farmers everywhere.

24. Conclusions
This system will help in monitoring the
condition of particular area and help
individuals to work accordingly. Suppose a
farmer want to grow a crop or tree which
grows only in particular type of conditions.
So, by this system he can see the
temperature and humidity or wind direction
as well as other parameters from any place.
He will install this system only once and
further work will be done automatically.

25. FUTURE WORK
1.In future, apart from controlling the speed
and direction of DC motors, the same
technique can be implemented in both single
phase and three phase AC motors as well.
2.For long range wireless communication
WIFI-module can be used.
3.Touch screen technology can also be
implemented.

26. Thanks..