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Classical conditioning involves learning through repeated associations between stimuli. Pavlov first described this in 1899 through his experiments with dogs. He found that when a neutral stimulus (a bell) was repeatedly paired with an unconditional stimulus (food) that naturally elicits a response (salivation), the neutral stimulus would come to elicit the same response. Specifically: 1) Before conditioning, the bell alone did not produce salivation in dogs but food did as an unconditional stimulus. 2) During conditioning, Pavlov repeatedly rang the bell before providing food, leading the dog to associate the two. 3) After conditioning, the dog would salivate to the bell alone, as it had become a conditional stimulus that elicited the
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Psy2012 pp 2
The document summarizes classical conditioning experiments conducted by Ivan Pavlov with dogs. Pavlov observed that dogs would salivate when presented with food, even if the food was not visible, due to associating the lab coats of those who fed them with being fed. He then conducted experiments where he would ring a bell immediately before presenting food to dogs. Over time, the dogs learned to associate the sound of the bell with the imminent arrival of food and would salivate upon hearing the bell alone. This demonstrated that a neutral stimulus could become associated with an unconditioned stimulus and elicit a conditioned response through repeated pairing and learning.
Lesson 6 classical conditioning
The document discusses how advertising uses classical conditioning to influence consumer behavior. It explains how brands associate themselves with positive attributes like status, fun, or rebellion to elicit emotional responses from consumers. Over time, through repeated exposure to advertising messages, people's brains become wired to prefer brands they associate with desirable imagery. The goal of advertising is to imbue products with added value through classical conditioning so that consumers perceive brands as meaningful and worth paying more for, even if the physical products are identical.
1.conditioning
Classical conditioning is a learning process where an organism associates one stimulus with another stimulus or response. In Pavlov's experiment, dogs learned to associate the ringing of a tuning fork with the arrival of food. The tuning fork became the conditioned stimulus that elicited the same response, salivation, as the unconditioned stimulus of food. Operant conditioning uses reinforcement or punishment to control behavior by strengthening behaviors through positive reinforcement or weakening behaviors through punishment.
Learning
This document discusses classical and operant conditioning. It explains that classical conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response, as discovered by Ivan Pavlov in his experiments with dogs. Operant conditioning involves reinforcing or punishing voluntary behaviors to strengthen or weaken them respectively. The key difference is that operant conditioning requires a behavior to be performed in order to receive reinforcement, while classical conditioning involves automatic responses.
Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning was elucidated by Ivan Pavlov through his famous dog experiments. Pavlov found that a neutral stimulus could be paired with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit the same response as the unconditioned stimulus. For example, Pavlov paired the sound of a tone (neutral stimulus) with the presentation of food (unconditioned stimulus), which caused dogs to salivate (unconditioned response). After conditioning, the dogs learned to salivate to the tone alone (conditioned response). Pavlov's work provided the basis for later behaviorists like John Watson and B.F. Skinner.
LEARNING.pptx
- Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience. Classical conditioning is a type of learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.
- Pavlov's dog experiment demonstrated classical conditioning, where dogs learned to salivate at the sound of a bell, which was previously a neutral stimulus but was paired with the unconditioned stimulus of food.
- Operant conditioning is a type of learning involving voluntary responses that are strengthened or weakened through consequences - responses followed by reinforcement are likely to be repeated.
Pavlov Classical Conditioning.pdf
Classical conditioning is a learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response. Ivan Pavlov studied classical conditioning in dogs, finding that he could elicit salivation by pairing a neutral stimulus like a bell with the unconditioned stimulus of food. His work established the concepts of the unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response that form the basis of classical conditioning theory. Classical conditioning explains how emotions and behaviors can become associated with previously neutral stimuli through repeated pairings in the environment.
Recommended
Psy2012 pp 2
The document summarizes classical conditioning experiments conducted by Ivan Pavlov with dogs. Pavlov observed that dogs would salivate when presented with food, even if the food was not visible, due to associating the lab coats of those who fed them with being fed. He then conducted experiments where he would ring a bell immediately before presenting food to dogs. Over time, the dogs learned to associate the sound of the bell with the imminent arrival of food and would salivate upon hearing the bell alone. This demonstrated that a neutral stimulus could become associated with an unconditioned stimulus and elicit a conditioned response through repeated pairing and learning.
Lesson 6 classical conditioning
The document discusses how advertising uses classical conditioning to influence consumer behavior. It explains how brands associate themselves with positive attributes like status, fun, or rebellion to elicit emotional responses from consumers. Over time, through repeated exposure to advertising messages, people's brains become wired to prefer brands they associate with desirable imagery. The goal of advertising is to imbue products with added value through classical conditioning so that consumers perceive brands as meaningful and worth paying more for, even if the physical products are identical.
1.conditioning
Classical conditioning is a learning process where an organism associates one stimulus with another stimulus or response. In Pavlov's experiment, dogs learned to associate the ringing of a tuning fork with the arrival of food. The tuning fork became the conditioned stimulus that elicited the same response, salivation, as the unconditioned stimulus of food. Operant conditioning uses reinforcement or punishment to control behavior by strengthening behaviors through positive reinforcement or weakening behaviors through punishment.
Learning
This document discusses classical and operant conditioning. It explains that classical conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response, as discovered by Ivan Pavlov in his experiments with dogs. Operant conditioning involves reinforcing or punishing voluntary behaviors to strengthen or weaken them respectively. The key difference is that operant conditioning requires a behavior to be performed in order to receive reinforcement, while classical conditioning involves automatic responses.
Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning was elucidated by Ivan Pavlov through his famous dog experiments. Pavlov found that a neutral stimulus could be paired with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit the same response as the unconditioned stimulus. For example, Pavlov paired the sound of a tone (neutral stimulus) with the presentation of food (unconditioned stimulus), which caused dogs to salivate (unconditioned response). After conditioning, the dogs learned to salivate to the tone alone (conditioned response). Pavlov's work provided the basis for later behaviorists like John Watson and B.F. Skinner.
LEARNING.pptx
- Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience. Classical conditioning is a type of learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.
- Pavlov's dog experiment demonstrated classical conditioning, where dogs learned to salivate at the sound of a bell, which was previously a neutral stimulus but was paired with the unconditioned stimulus of food.
- Operant conditioning is a type of learning involving voluntary responses that are strengthened or weakened through consequences - responses followed by reinforcement are likely to be repeated.
Pavlov Classical Conditioning.pdf
Classical conditioning is a learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response. Ivan Pavlov studied classical conditioning in dogs, finding that he could elicit salivation by pairing a neutral stimulus like a bell with the unconditioned stimulus of food. His work established the concepts of the unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response that form the basis of classical conditioning theory. Classical conditioning explains how emotions and behaviors can become associated with previously neutral stimuli through repeated pairings in the environment.
Chapter5woodpowerpoint 090918015012-phpapp01
This chapter discusses different types of learning, including classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and cognitive learning. Classical conditioning involves learning associations between stimuli through processes like Pavlov demonstrated in his experiments with dogs. Operant conditioning involves learning through reinforcement and punishment of behaviors. Cognitive learning examines insight, latent learning, and observational learning. The chapter provides an overview of the key theorists and concepts for each type of learning.
Behaviourist model of abnormality AS
This document provides an overview of behaviorism, including the key concepts of classical and operant conditioning. It summarizes Ivan Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments with dogs, in which he found that dogs would salivate in response to a tone alone after pairing the tone with food several times. It also discusses Edward Thorndike's experiments on operant conditioning using reward and punishment in a "Skinner box." The document outlines the key assumptions of behaviorism, such as the "blank slate" view of human nature and the focus on observable behavior. It applies behaviorist concepts to explain abnormal behaviors like depression, drug addiction, and phobias.
Ivan pavlov
Classical conditioning is a learning process theorized by Ivan Pavlov in which a neutral stimulus that elicits no response comes to elicit a response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits a response. Through repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits a conditioned response from the organism. The three main stages of classical conditioning are before conditioning when no response occurs to the neutral stimulus, during conditioning when the neutral and unconditioned stimuli are paired, and after conditioning when the now conditioned stimulus elicits the conditioned response alone. Classical conditioning has implications for developing habits, interests, eliminating undesirable behaviors, and language learning.
Classical Conditioning theory by Pavlov
Pavlov's theory of classical conditioning was discovered accidentally when studying digestion in dogs. He found that by pairing a neutral stimulus (a bell) with an unconditioned stimulus of food, the dog would learn to associate the bell with food and display the unconditioned response of salivation upon hearing the bell alone. This showed that learning can occur through associating stimuli, forming conditioned responses to previously neutral stimuli. The theory explains the acquisition of conditioned responses, and their later extinction or potential spontaneous recovery.
CLASSICAL-CONDITIONINGACF;fjklASncSA:CklnS.pptx
Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, conducted a famous experiment involving dogs to study classical conditioning. He would ring a bell before giving the dogs food, which initially caused no response from the dogs. Through repeated pairings of the bell and food, the dogs learned to associate the bell with the impending food, and would begin to salivate in response to just the bell. Pavlov discovered that neutral stimuli can become conditioned stimuli that elicit conditioned responses through repeated association with unconditioned stimuli that naturally produce unconditioned responses.
Classical conditioning theory
Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment involved pairing a neutral stimulus (the sound of a bell) with an unconditioned stimulus (food) for dogs. Through repeated pairings, the dogs learned to associate the bell with food and would salivate upon hearing the bell alone. Pavlov's experiment demonstrated the learning process of classical conditioning and identified the key components of an unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response. Classical conditioning principles like acquisition, generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery help explain how associations are formed between stimuli and responses through learning.
Developmental studies
Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning while studying digestion in dogs. He noticed that the dogs would salivate not only when food was present, but also when they saw the plate that food was usually served on. Through experimentation, he found that he could condition the dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell by repeatedly pairing the bell with the presentation of food. The dogs learned to associate the bell, which became the conditional stimulus, with the food, the unconditional stimulus, and would salivate in response to just the bell, the now conditional response. Classical conditioning demonstrated that behavior could be shaped by environmental factors through the formation of associations between stimuli and responses.
14812 learning
1. Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience. There are three main types of learning: classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational/social learning.
2. In classical conditioning, organisms learn to associate stimuli through processes like Pavlov's dog experiment. In operant conditioning, behaviors are strengthened or weakened by their consequences, as shown through Skinner's experiments with reinforcement and punishment.
3. Observational learning involves learning new behaviors by watching others, as demonstrated by Bandura's Bobo doll experiment where children imitated an adult's aggressive behavior toward the doll.
Learning theory
This document discusses various learning theories that have evolved over time to explain how learning occurs. It begins with classical theories proposed by Plato, who believed that knowledge is present at birth and learning involves recollection. It then covers behaviorist theories from Pavlov, Skinner, and Thorndike, including classical and operant conditioning. Cognitive theories focus on how knowledge is processed, stored, and retrieved. Constructive theories view learning as an active process where learners construct understanding. Connectivity theories examine learning in the brain. Key concepts are explained, such as reinforcement, punishment, extinction, and different conditioning procedures.
Behaviourist model AS Psychology
Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments with dogs demonstrated that a neutral stimulus could become associated with an unconditioned stimulus through repeated pairings, resulting in the neutral stimulus eliciting the same response as the unconditioned stimulus alone. Thorndike's law of effect formed the basis of operant conditioning, showing that behaviors followed by pleasant consequences are likely to be repeated. Behaviorism views the mind as a blank slate shaped entirely by environmental influences through reinforcement and punishment, and seeks to understand behavior objectively through empirical study and controlled experiments using both human and animal subjects.
Classical conditioning
This document defines learning and discusses classical conditioning. It provides examples of classical conditioning, such as feeling nauseous every time entering a math classroom due to previous negative experiences. The document outlines Pavlov's classic experiment with dogs, where he conditioned them to salivate in response to a bell by pairing the bell with food. It discusses key aspects of classical conditioning, including unconditioned stimulus/response and conditioned stimulus/response.
Classical conditioning
This document provides an overview of classical conditioning. It begins with an introduction that describes Ivan Pavlov's famous experiments with dogs where he conditioned them to salivate in response to a stimulus other than food. The terminology section defines key terms like unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response. The experiment section then describes Pavlov's specific experiment where he conditioned dogs to salivate when they heard a bell, due to pairing the bell with food. It also includes a diagram illustrating the stages of classical conditioning - before, during, and after - and how a neutral stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus. Finally, it discusses applications of classical conditioning theory including language learning and the treatment of phobias.
Blockbuster project
This document discusses classical conditioning in dog training. It provides background on Ivan Pavlov's experiments with dogs in the late 1800s, where he discovered they could learn to associate food with other stimuli. The document also discusses how modern dog trainer Zac George uses classical conditioning techniques in his YouTube videos, such as using a toy as a stimulus to get a dog to make eye contact and sit. Key terms discussed include unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, and stimulus. Sources for further information on Pavlov, classical conditioning, and Zac George's dog training methods are provided.
Classical Conditioning
1. The document discusses the difference between operant and classical conditioning. Classical conditioning involves learning through association, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus through repeated pairing.
2. Ivan Pavlov studied classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs. He found that dogs learned to associate the sound of a bell with food when he rang a bell each time the dogs were fed.
3. Classical conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit an unconditioned response, until the neutral stimulus alone comes to elicit the same response. This is how new learned behaviors and responses are formed.
Week 4 Behaviourism
This document discusses learning theories of behaviorism, including classical and operant conditioning. It summarizes the key experiments and concepts from theorists like Pavlov, Watson, Thorndike, and Skinner. Specifically, it describes Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment with dogs, Watson's classical conditioning experiment with Little Albert, and Thorndike's early experiments with puzzle boxes that helped establish the laws of exercise and effect related to operant conditioning.
Presentation on classical conditioning
Classical conditioning is a type of learning where an innate response to one stimulus transfers to a neutral stimulus after repeated pairings. Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning accidentally in the early 1900s when his dogs began to salivate before being fed, in response to stimuli in the environment that preceded feeding. Classical conditioning involves pairing an unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits a response with a neutral stimulus, repeatedly, until the neutral stimulus comes to elicit the same response on its own.
Learning theories and curve
how learning can be useful for organizational employees. how they can learn easily, what are the learning tools companies can inject for improving employee productivity. benefits and features of learning to the organization are important part of this slide
Classic conditioning
The document summarizes classical conditioning, which was discovered by Ivan Pavlov in 1903 when studying dog digestion. Pavlov found that dogs learned to associate food with the ringing of a bell and would salivate upon hearing the bell alone. Later, John Watson applied classical conditioning principles to infants. The key aspects of classical conditioning are the unconditioned stimulus, conditioned response, and respondent conditioning in which a previously neutral stimulus takes on a specific response.
Different types of learning
This document discusses different types of learning and provides an overview of classical conditioning. It describes 7 types of learning: motor, perceptual, manual skill, conceptual, appreciational, associate, and attitudinal. It then discusses the basics of learning as any relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience. The document focuses on Ivan Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments with dogs, where he conditioned them to salivate in response to a stimulus by pairing a bell with food. It explains how the bell became a conditioned stimulus that elicited the conditioned response of salivation.
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
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Chapter5woodpowerpoint 090918015012-phpapp01
This chapter discusses different types of learning, including classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and cognitive learning. Classical conditioning involves learning associations between stimuli through processes like Pavlov demonstrated in his experiments with dogs. Operant conditioning involves learning through reinforcement and punishment of behaviors. Cognitive learning examines insight, latent learning, and observational learning. The chapter provides an overview of the key theorists and concepts for each type of learning.
Behaviourist model of abnormality AS
This document provides an overview of behaviorism, including the key concepts of classical and operant conditioning. It summarizes Ivan Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments with dogs, in which he found that dogs would salivate in response to a tone alone after pairing the tone with food several times. It also discusses Edward Thorndike's experiments on operant conditioning using reward and punishment in a "Skinner box." The document outlines the key assumptions of behaviorism, such as the "blank slate" view of human nature and the focus on observable behavior. It applies behaviorist concepts to explain abnormal behaviors like depression, drug addiction, and phobias.
Ivan pavlov
Classical conditioning is a learning process theorized by Ivan Pavlov in which a neutral stimulus that elicits no response comes to elicit a response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits a response. Through repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits a conditioned response from the organism. The three main stages of classical conditioning are before conditioning when no response occurs to the neutral stimulus, during conditioning when the neutral and unconditioned stimuli are paired, and after conditioning when the now conditioned stimulus elicits the conditioned response alone. Classical conditioning has implications for developing habits, interests, eliminating undesirable behaviors, and language learning.
Classical Conditioning theory by Pavlov
Pavlov's theory of classical conditioning was discovered accidentally when studying digestion in dogs. He found that by pairing a neutral stimulus (a bell) with an unconditioned stimulus of food, the dog would learn to associate the bell with food and display the unconditioned response of salivation upon hearing the bell alone. This showed that learning can occur through associating stimuli, forming conditioned responses to previously neutral stimuli. The theory explains the acquisition of conditioned responses, and their later extinction or potential spontaneous recovery.
CLASSICAL-CONDITIONINGACF;fjklASncSA:CklnS.pptx
Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, conducted a famous experiment involving dogs to study classical conditioning. He would ring a bell before giving the dogs food, which initially caused no response from the dogs. Through repeated pairings of the bell and food, the dogs learned to associate the bell with the impending food, and would begin to salivate in response to just the bell. Pavlov discovered that neutral stimuli can become conditioned stimuli that elicit conditioned responses through repeated association with unconditioned stimuli that naturally produce unconditioned responses.
Classical conditioning theory
Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment involved pairing a neutral stimulus (the sound of a bell) with an unconditioned stimulus (food) for dogs. Through repeated pairings, the dogs learned to associate the bell with food and would salivate upon hearing the bell alone. Pavlov's experiment demonstrated the learning process of classical conditioning and identified the key components of an unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response. Classical conditioning principles like acquisition, generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery help explain how associations are formed between stimuli and responses through learning.
Developmental studies
Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning while studying digestion in dogs. He noticed that the dogs would salivate not only when food was present, but also when they saw the plate that food was usually served on. Through experimentation, he found that he could condition the dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell by repeatedly pairing the bell with the presentation of food. The dogs learned to associate the bell, which became the conditional stimulus, with the food, the unconditional stimulus, and would salivate in response to just the bell, the now conditional response. Classical conditioning demonstrated that behavior could be shaped by environmental factors through the formation of associations between stimuli and responses.
14812 learning
1. Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience. There are three main types of learning: classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational/social learning.
2. In classical conditioning, organisms learn to associate stimuli through processes like Pavlov's dog experiment. In operant conditioning, behaviors are strengthened or weakened by their consequences, as shown through Skinner's experiments with reinforcement and punishment.
3. Observational learning involves learning new behaviors by watching others, as demonstrated by Bandura's Bobo doll experiment where children imitated an adult's aggressive behavior toward the doll.
Learning theory
This document discusses various learning theories that have evolved over time to explain how learning occurs. It begins with classical theories proposed by Plato, who believed that knowledge is present at birth and learning involves recollection. It then covers behaviorist theories from Pavlov, Skinner, and Thorndike, including classical and operant conditioning. Cognitive theories focus on how knowledge is processed, stored, and retrieved. Constructive theories view learning as an active process where learners construct understanding. Connectivity theories examine learning in the brain. Key concepts are explained, such as reinforcement, punishment, extinction, and different conditioning procedures.
Behaviourist model AS Psychology
Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments with dogs demonstrated that a neutral stimulus could become associated with an unconditioned stimulus through repeated pairings, resulting in the neutral stimulus eliciting the same response as the unconditioned stimulus alone. Thorndike's law of effect formed the basis of operant conditioning, showing that behaviors followed by pleasant consequences are likely to be repeated. Behaviorism views the mind as a blank slate shaped entirely by environmental influences through reinforcement and punishment, and seeks to understand behavior objectively through empirical study and controlled experiments using both human and animal subjects.
Classical conditioning
This document defines learning and discusses classical conditioning. It provides examples of classical conditioning, such as feeling nauseous every time entering a math classroom due to previous negative experiences. The document outlines Pavlov's classic experiment with dogs, where he conditioned them to salivate in response to a bell by pairing the bell with food. It discusses key aspects of classical conditioning, including unconditioned stimulus/response and conditioned stimulus/response.
Classical conditioning
This document provides an overview of classical conditioning. It begins with an introduction that describes Ivan Pavlov's famous experiments with dogs where he conditioned them to salivate in response to a stimulus other than food. The terminology section defines key terms like unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response. The experiment section then describes Pavlov's specific experiment where he conditioned dogs to salivate when they heard a bell, due to pairing the bell with food. It also includes a diagram illustrating the stages of classical conditioning - before, during, and after - and how a neutral stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus. Finally, it discusses applications of classical conditioning theory including language learning and the treatment of phobias.
Blockbuster project
This document discusses classical conditioning in dog training. It provides background on Ivan Pavlov's experiments with dogs in the late 1800s, where he discovered they could learn to associate food with other stimuli. The document also discusses how modern dog trainer Zac George uses classical conditioning techniques in his YouTube videos, such as using a toy as a stimulus to get a dog to make eye contact and sit. Key terms discussed include unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, and stimulus. Sources for further information on Pavlov, classical conditioning, and Zac George's dog training methods are provided.
Classical Conditioning
1. The document discusses the difference between operant and classical conditioning. Classical conditioning involves learning through association, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus through repeated pairing.
2. Ivan Pavlov studied classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs. He found that dogs learned to associate the sound of a bell with food when he rang a bell each time the dogs were fed.
3. Classical conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit an unconditioned response, until the neutral stimulus alone comes to elicit the same response. This is how new learned behaviors and responses are formed.
Week 4 Behaviourism
This document discusses learning theories of behaviorism, including classical and operant conditioning. It summarizes the key experiments and concepts from theorists like Pavlov, Watson, Thorndike, and Skinner. Specifically, it describes Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment with dogs, Watson's classical conditioning experiment with Little Albert, and Thorndike's early experiments with puzzle boxes that helped establish the laws of exercise and effect related to operant conditioning.
Presentation on classical conditioning
Classical conditioning is a type of learning where an innate response to one stimulus transfers to a neutral stimulus after repeated pairings. Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning accidentally in the early 1900s when his dogs began to salivate before being fed, in response to stimuli in the environment that preceded feeding. Classical conditioning involves pairing an unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits a response with a neutral stimulus, repeatedly, until the neutral stimulus comes to elicit the same response on its own.
Learning theories and curve
how learning can be useful for organizational employees. how they can learn easily, what are the learning tools companies can inject for improving employee productivity. benefits and features of learning to the organization are important part of this slide
Classic conditioning
The document summarizes classical conditioning, which was discovered by Ivan Pavlov in 1903 when studying dog digestion. Pavlov found that dogs learned to associate food with the ringing of a bell and would salivate upon hearing the bell alone. Later, John Watson applied classical conditioning principles to infants. The key aspects of classical conditioning are the unconditioned stimulus, conditioned response, and respondent conditioning in which a previously neutral stimulus takes on a specific response.
Different types of learning
This document discusses different types of learning and provides an overview of classical conditioning. It describes 7 types of learning: motor, perceptual, manual skill, conceptual, appreciational, associate, and attitudinal. It then discusses the basics of learning as any relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience. The document focuses on Ivan Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments with dogs, where he conditioned them to salivate in response to a stimulus by pairing a bell with food. It explains how the bell became a conditioned stimulus that elicited the conditioned response of salivation.
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
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analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
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The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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- 2. Principles of classical conditioning:- • This is based on common behavioural process that an event, repeated several times evokes desired response. • Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, first described classical conditioning in 1899 while conducting research into the digestive system of dogs.
- 3. Different stages of classical conditioning:- • Before conditioning • During conditioning • After conditioning
- 4. Before Conditioning:- • When Pavlov rang a bell, the dog has no salivation. • When he presented the dog with a piece of meat, the dog exhibited a noticeable increase in salivation.
- 5. Key terms in Before conditioning:- • Unconditional stimulus(UCS): Unconditional stimulus is one that naturally, automatically triggers a response. Ex:-As food elicited the desirable response that’s why in Pavlov’s experiment food was UCS. • Unconditional Response(UCR): Unconditional response is the unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to UCS. Ex:-As salivation in response to food was a natural, unlearned response so in Pavlov’s experiment the salivation was UCR.
- 6. During conditioning:- • Pavlov proceeded to link the meat and ringing of bell. • After repeatedly hearing the bell before getting the food ,the dog began to salivate as soon as the bell rang.
- 7. After conditioning:- • When Pavlov repeated the presentation of food followed by the bell, the dog began to salivate in response to the bell alone.
- 8. Key terms in after conditioning:- • Conditional stimulus(CS):- The conditional stimulus is previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditional stimulus, eventually trigger a conditional response. Ex:-In the Pavlov’s experiment bell was act as a conditional stimulus. • Conditional response(CR):- Conditional response is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus. Ex:-In Pavlov’s experiment salivation in response to the bell acts as a conditional response.
- 9. Real time Example:- • Lets consider the case of a product “Colgate toothpaste”. Initially when the price of each 50gm toothpaste was Rs-20 the demand for Colgate was quite low. But when the company provided an extra toothbrush in each pack, the demand for toothpaste increased.
- 10. Contd….. • This process continues for one month.After that the company took out the toothbrush from each pack but price remaining the same,and it was observed that the demand for the paste remains same for some days.