Learn more in how the brain functions and how important physical therapy is for recovery.
The basis of neuro rehabilitation.
Brain has an incredible adaptation capacity and here you'll know just how to...explore it
EFFECT OF MIRROR THERAPY ON UPPER EXTREMITY MOTOR FUNCTION IN STROKE PATIENTSismailabinji
EFFECT OF MIRROR THERAPY ON UPPER EXTREMITY MOTOR FUNCTION IN STROKE PATIENTS
Stroke is one of the main causes of disability around the globe. plegia (complete paralysis) or paresis (partial weakness ) are common following a stroke. According to the Journal of Physical Therapy Science, about 85 percent of stroke survivors will suffer from hemiplegia, and at least 69 percent will experience a loss of motor function in the upper limb.
Although these changes may not be permanent, some people regain partial or full limb function, the road to recovery can be long. But did you know that it is possible to trick the brain into believing what it sees? Mirror therapy is being used more and more in stroke rehabilitation to dupe the brain and restore limb function.
STROKE: is defined as the rapidly developed clinical signs of global or focal disturbance of cerebral function, lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than of vascular origin. (WHO, 2017)
MOTOR FUNCTION motor function is the ability to learn or to demonstrate the skillful and efficient assumption, maintenance, modification, and control of voluntary postures and movement patterns.
In mirror therapy, a mirror is placed beside the unaffected limb, blocking the view of the affected limb. This creates the illusion that both limbs are functioning properly.
Mirror theory is based on evidence that action observation activates the same motor areas of the brain as action execution. Observed actions lead to the generation of intended actions, engaging motor planning and execution.
Mirror neurons are type of brain cell that respond equally when we perform an action and when we witness someone else perform the same action. They were first discovered in the early 1990s, when a team of Italian researchers found individual neurons in the brains of macaque monkeys that fired both when the monkeys grabbed an object and also when the monkeys watched another primate grab the same object.
Patient characteristics
Motor abilities
Vision
Trunk control
Non affected limb
Cognitive abilities (Wade DT et al., 2011)
Informing the patient
Possible Negative effect
Environment and required materials
Surrounding
Jewellery and other marks
Mirror
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that describes lasting change to the brain throughout an animal's life course. The term gained prominence in the latter half of the 20th century, when new research showed many aspects of the brain remain changeable (or "plastic") even into adulthood.
Mental imagery technique recently used as motor imagery. Theories of mental imagery developed by psychologists till date and use of this technique in the improvement of function has lot of evidences.
EFFECT OF MIRROR THERAPY ON UPPER EXTREMITY MOTOR FUNCTION IN STROKE PATIENTSismailabinji
EFFECT OF MIRROR THERAPY ON UPPER EXTREMITY MOTOR FUNCTION IN STROKE PATIENTS
Stroke is one of the main causes of disability around the globe. plegia (complete paralysis) or paresis (partial weakness ) are common following a stroke. According to the Journal of Physical Therapy Science, about 85 percent of stroke survivors will suffer from hemiplegia, and at least 69 percent will experience a loss of motor function in the upper limb.
Although these changes may not be permanent, some people regain partial or full limb function, the road to recovery can be long. But did you know that it is possible to trick the brain into believing what it sees? Mirror therapy is being used more and more in stroke rehabilitation to dupe the brain and restore limb function.
STROKE: is defined as the rapidly developed clinical signs of global or focal disturbance of cerebral function, lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than of vascular origin. (WHO, 2017)
MOTOR FUNCTION motor function is the ability to learn or to demonstrate the skillful and efficient assumption, maintenance, modification, and control of voluntary postures and movement patterns.
In mirror therapy, a mirror is placed beside the unaffected limb, blocking the view of the affected limb. This creates the illusion that both limbs are functioning properly.
Mirror theory is based on evidence that action observation activates the same motor areas of the brain as action execution. Observed actions lead to the generation of intended actions, engaging motor planning and execution.
Mirror neurons are type of brain cell that respond equally when we perform an action and when we witness someone else perform the same action. They were first discovered in the early 1990s, when a team of Italian researchers found individual neurons in the brains of macaque monkeys that fired both when the monkeys grabbed an object and also when the monkeys watched another primate grab the same object.
Patient characteristics
Motor abilities
Vision
Trunk control
Non affected limb
Cognitive abilities (Wade DT et al., 2011)
Informing the patient
Possible Negative effect
Environment and required materials
Surrounding
Jewellery and other marks
Mirror
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that describes lasting change to the brain throughout an animal's life course. The term gained prominence in the latter half of the 20th century, when new research showed many aspects of the brain remain changeable (or "plastic") even into adulthood.
Mental imagery technique recently used as motor imagery. Theories of mental imagery developed by psychologists till date and use of this technique in the improvement of function has lot of evidences.
Regeneration of Brain with new understanding gives us good ground to be optimistic in matters of research and also day to day clinics. This presentation at the most introduces you to the potential stride of the field.
Beyond nerve repair, looking at the central mechanism in adaptation, compensation, remodelling and plasticity in upper and lower motor neurone lesions. New neural pathways in motor control for grasp.
It provides a brief information about Neuroplasticity to enthusiast willing to know "How we gain daily skills?" and "Changing ability of our brain according to our daily habit."
For more details on study, you can follow the references...
An Efficacy Study on Improving Balance in Subacute Stroke Patients by Proprio...ijtsrd
INTRODUCTION CVA is a complex dysfunction caused by a lesion in the brain. The WHO defines stroke as an “acute neurologic dysfunction of vascular origin with symptoms and sign corresponding to the involvement of focal areas of the brain.” In India the cumulative incidence of stroke ranged from 105 152 100000 persons per year, and the crude prevalence of stroke ranged from 44.29 559 100000 persons in different parts of the country during the past decade. DESIGN Pre test Post test experimental group designSETTING Inpatient and outpatient of Department of Occupational Therapy, SV.NIRTAR, Olatpur.PARTICIPANTS A total 45 Subjects were recruited from the Swami Vivekananda National Institute of Rehabilitation Training and Research according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.INTERVENTIONS After meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria survivors were assessed using assessment performance, and informed consent was taken from the participants, allocated to the three groups.Group 1 Proprioceptive training alone Group 2 Proprioceptive training along with motor imageryGroup 3 Conventional therapyOUTCOME MEASURES Berg Balance Scale RESULT The study aimed to provide reference data for planning the rehabilitation of stroke patients, by comparing the effects of proprioceptive training with motor imagery and conventional proprioceptive training performed for 8 weeks. Result of the study indicated that there was significant effect of mental imagery and proprioceptive training on balance ability of stroke patients. The changes of the motor imagery training group were better than those of the other 2 groups.CONCLUSION In this clinical trial, our findings suggests significant improvement in balance in sub acute stroke patients when given motor imagery training along with proprioceptive training, conventional therapy and proprioceptive training alone.On the basis of current results, it was also concluded that, the motor imagery training along with proprioceptive training group showed a noticeable better effect on balance than those of other two groups. Kshanaprava Dash | Mr. Rama Kumar Sahu "An Efficacy Study on Improving Balance in Subacute Stroke Patients by Proprioceptive Training with Additional Motor Imagery" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38382.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/38382/an-efficacy-study-on-improving-balance-in-subacute-stroke-patients-by-proprioceptive-training-with-additional-motor-imagery/kshanaprava-dash
This presentation provides a general introduction to neuroanatomy after cerebral hemispherectomy, a procedure where half the brain is removed to stop intractable epilepsy that originates from one side of the brain. Topics include potential of the remaining hemisphere, cortical plasticity, clinical presentation of hemiparesis due to innervation by only the ipsilateral corticospinal tract, life span impairments. Various case studies discussed.
Presented at the Combined Section Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association
February 2014
By: Dr. Stella de Bode, Ph.D. Chief Science Officer, The Brain Recovery Project
Nisha Pagan, PT, DPT, NCS, PCS, Owner Wholehearted Pediatric Physical Therapy
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Regeneration of Brain with new understanding gives us good ground to be optimistic in matters of research and also day to day clinics. This presentation at the most introduces you to the potential stride of the field.
Beyond nerve repair, looking at the central mechanism in adaptation, compensation, remodelling and plasticity in upper and lower motor neurone lesions. New neural pathways in motor control for grasp.
It provides a brief information about Neuroplasticity to enthusiast willing to know "How we gain daily skills?" and "Changing ability of our brain according to our daily habit."
For more details on study, you can follow the references...
An Efficacy Study on Improving Balance in Subacute Stroke Patients by Proprio...ijtsrd
INTRODUCTION CVA is a complex dysfunction caused by a lesion in the brain. The WHO defines stroke as an “acute neurologic dysfunction of vascular origin with symptoms and sign corresponding to the involvement of focal areas of the brain.” In India the cumulative incidence of stroke ranged from 105 152 100000 persons per year, and the crude prevalence of stroke ranged from 44.29 559 100000 persons in different parts of the country during the past decade. DESIGN Pre test Post test experimental group designSETTING Inpatient and outpatient of Department of Occupational Therapy, SV.NIRTAR, Olatpur.PARTICIPANTS A total 45 Subjects were recruited from the Swami Vivekananda National Institute of Rehabilitation Training and Research according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.INTERVENTIONS After meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria survivors were assessed using assessment performance, and informed consent was taken from the participants, allocated to the three groups.Group 1 Proprioceptive training alone Group 2 Proprioceptive training along with motor imageryGroup 3 Conventional therapyOUTCOME MEASURES Berg Balance Scale RESULT The study aimed to provide reference data for planning the rehabilitation of stroke patients, by comparing the effects of proprioceptive training with motor imagery and conventional proprioceptive training performed for 8 weeks. Result of the study indicated that there was significant effect of mental imagery and proprioceptive training on balance ability of stroke patients. The changes of the motor imagery training group were better than those of the other 2 groups.CONCLUSION In this clinical trial, our findings suggests significant improvement in balance in sub acute stroke patients when given motor imagery training along with proprioceptive training, conventional therapy and proprioceptive training alone.On the basis of current results, it was also concluded that, the motor imagery training along with proprioceptive training group showed a noticeable better effect on balance than those of other two groups. Kshanaprava Dash | Mr. Rama Kumar Sahu "An Efficacy Study on Improving Balance in Subacute Stroke Patients by Proprioceptive Training with Additional Motor Imagery" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38382.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/38382/an-efficacy-study-on-improving-balance-in-subacute-stroke-patients-by-proprioceptive-training-with-additional-motor-imagery/kshanaprava-dash
This presentation provides a general introduction to neuroanatomy after cerebral hemispherectomy, a procedure where half the brain is removed to stop intractable epilepsy that originates from one side of the brain. Topics include potential of the remaining hemisphere, cortical plasticity, clinical presentation of hemiparesis due to innervation by only the ipsilateral corticospinal tract, life span impairments. Various case studies discussed.
Presented at the Combined Section Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association
February 2014
By: Dr. Stella de Bode, Ph.D. Chief Science Officer, The Brain Recovery Project
Nisha Pagan, PT, DPT, NCS, PCS, Owner Wholehearted Pediatric Physical Therapy
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
4. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• History
• Types
• Plasticity and Learning
• Plasticity and Recovery
• Principles
• Plasticity and Nutrition
7/12/2023 4
5. INTRODUCTION
• WHAT IS NEUROPLASTICITY??
What is Neuroplasticity???????
Plasticity means ability to modify
Neuroplasticity means ability of the brain to rewire
and modify itself in response to the demands imposed
on it
William James coined the term
(video)
9. Refers to changes in the strength between neurons (synapses);
synaptic plasticity.
STRUCTURAL
10. FUNCTIONAL
Increased release of neurotransmitters from pre-synaptic
membranes.
Increased efficacy or concentration of the receptors on
the post-synaptic membranes.
Functional plasticity is associated to learning
Functional plasticity added up leads to structural
changes in the brain
12. Neuro-regeneration in CNS injury:
The distal segment of the injured axon degenerates, and the
surrounding myelin gets fragmented; axonal regeneration does not
occur in CNS.
Why has it been that the human CNS to not regenerate?
i. Intrinsic factors – Formation of specific protein (PTEN and
SOCS3) that inhibit the pathways signalling axonal survival and
growth.
ii. Extrinsic factors – Glial scar, and myelin composition
12
Nagappan PG, Chen H, Wang DY. Neuroregeneration and plasticity: a review of the physiological
mechanisms for achieving functional recovery postinjury. Military Medical Research. 2020
Dec;7(1):1-6.
15. • Neovascularization
• Proteins that aid Neuroplasticity – BDNF, NGF,
bFGF, ERK, Neuronal Nitric Oxide
• Changes in Synapses-
Receptor Hypersensitivity,
Increase in production of neurotransmitters
Cellular level
27. • PROCEDURAL LEARNING
based on Trial and Error
Hence feedback,correction important
• EXPLICIT /DECLARATIVE MEMORY –
Important to tell the patients on why this
particular exercise is done and how it will help
28. Neuroplasticity and Recovery
What happens to the brain post any Injury???
• DIACHISIS-
Diaschisis is a transient CNS disorder involving loss of
function
in a structurally intact brain area because of loss of
input from an anatomically connected injured area
of the brain
36. TITLE AIM METHODOLOGY CONCLUSION
Effectiveness of
physiotherapy
interventions in brain
plasticity, balance and
functional ability in
acute stroke survivors:
A randomized
controlled trial
Umi Budi Rahayu et
al. - 2020
To investigate the effect of
physiotherapy interventions
on brain neuroplasticity by
evaluating the brain
plasticity regeneration,
balance and functional
activity
A randomized controlled trial
was conducted with 64 stroke
patients from three hospitals in
the Surakarta region, Indonesia.
Control groups (n = 32) received
conventional physiotherapy and
intervention groups (n = 32)
received neurorestoration
protocol, which both lasted for
seven days. Efficacy of the
interventions were measured on
brain-derived neurotropic factor
serum analysis, Berg Balance
Scale and Barthel Index,
respectively.
Neurorestoration protocol
that combined several
established physiotherapy
interventions was effective
in improving balance and
functional ability of stroke
patients in only a seven
days period.
37. TITLE AIM METHODOLOGY CONCLUSION
Effects of virtual
reality-based motor
control training
on inflammation,
oxidative stress,
neuroplasticity
and upper limb motor
function in patients
with chronic stroke:
a randomized
controlled trial
Chien-Yu Huang et al.
2022
To identify the effects
of immersive VRT on
inflammation,
oxidative stress,
neuroplasticity and
upper limb motor
function in stroke
patients
30 patients with chronic stroke were
randomized to the VRT or
conventional occupational therapy
groups. Serum biomarkers including
interleukin 6, intracellular adhesion
molecule 1, heme oxygenase 1, 8-
hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, and brain-
derived neurotrophic factor were
assessed to reflect inflammation,
oxidative stress and neuroplasticity.
Clinical assessments including active
range of motion of the upper limb and
the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for upper
extremity (FMA-UE) were also used.
Two-way mixed analyses of variance
(ANOVAs) were used to examine the
efects of the intervention (VRT and
COT) and time on serum biomarkers
and upper limb motor function.
This was the frst study to
combine the efectiveness of
immersive VRT using
serum biomarkers as
out- come measures. This
study demonstrated
promising results that
support the further
application of commercial
and immersive VR
technologies in patients
with chronic stroke.
38. TITLE AIM METHODOLOGY CONCLUSION
Neuroplastic effects of
end-effector robotic gait
training for hemiparetic
stroke: a randomized
controlled trial
Hayeon Kim et al.
2020
To compared the efects
of end-effector robot-
assisted gait training (E-
RAGT) and
bodyweight-supported
treadmill training
(BWST) on cortical
activation in individuals
with hemiparetic stroke
25 men and 5 women aged 53.2 ±
11.2 years were recruited and
randomly assigned to participate in
E-RAGT or BWST for 30 min/day,
5 days/week, for 4 weeks. Cortical
activity, lower limb motor
function, and gait speed were
evaluated before and after training.
Clinical outcomes, including the
Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA),
timed up and go test, and 10-m
walk test scores, improved after
training in both groups, with
signifcantly better FMA scores in
the E-RAGT group than in the
BWST group.
E-RAGT efectively
improves neuroplastic
outcomes(fNIRS) in
hemiparetic stroke,
although its superiority over
conventional training
remains unclear.
39. TITLE AIM METHODOLOGY CONCLUSION
Neuroplasticity and
brain reorganization
associated with positive
outcomes of
multidisciplinary
rehabilitation in
progressive multiple
sclerosis: A fMRI study
Patrice Peran et al.
2020
The purpose of the study
was to assess the effect
of multidisciplinary
rehabilitation on the
whole brain of MS
patients by means of
functional magnetic
resonance imaging
(fMRI).
Thirty individuals affected by
MS with a medium-high severity
of disease were enrolled. The
fMRI examination assessed a
range of action-related tasks
involving passive movement,
mental simulation of action and
miming of action triggered by
external stimuli, such as object
photography. The three tasks
were performed using each arm
separately. The fMRI acquisitions
were performed at T1 (inclusion
in the study), T2 (3 months later,
at the start of rehabilitation) and
T3 (after 3 months of
multidisciplinary rehabilitation).
The fMRI results revealed a
the activation of cerebral
regions not usually involved
in task-specific related
network, such as the medial
prefrontal area.
41. References
1. Motor control by Shumway and Cook
2. Darcy Umphred
3. Rahayu UB, Wibowo S, Setyopranoto I, Hibatullah Romli M. Effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions
in brain plasticity, balance and functional ability in stroke survivors: A randomized controlled trial.
NeuroRehabilitation. 2020 Jan 1;47(4):463-70.
4. Huang CY, Chiang WC, Yeh YC, Fan SC, Yang WH, Kuo HC, Li PC. Effects of virtual reality-based motor
control training on inflammation, oxidative stress, neuroplasticity and upper limb motor function in
patients with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. BMC neurology. 2022 Jan 11;22(1):21.
5. Kim H, Park G, Shin JH, You JH. Neuroplastic effects of end-effector robotic gait training for hemiparetic
stroke: A randomised controlled trial. Scientific reports. 2020 Jul 27;10(1):12461.
6. Péran P, Nemmi F, Dutilleul C, Finamore L, Caravasso CF, Troisi E, Iosa M, Sabatini U, Grasso MG.
Neuroplasticity and brain reorganization associated with positive outcomes of multidisciplinary
rehabilitation in progressive multiple sclerosis: a fMRI study. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders.
2020 Jul 1;42:102127.
