ovearal treatment

1.  ZUNAIR ALI S2019241
 MUHAMMAD ASIM S2019241073
 NAVEED RIAZ S2019241

2. EPILEPSY:
 Electrical short circuit in the brain.
 Recurrent seizures.
 Common in young children and older
adults.
 It occurs more in males than in
females.

4. TRIGGER FACTORS FOR SEIZURES:
 Vascular(stroke, bleed)
 Infection(meningitis)
 Trauma
 Autoimmune
 Emotional stress
 Idiopathic
 Drug or alcohol ingestion

5. CLASSIFICATION OF EPILEPSY:
 PARTIAL.
 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY GENERALIZED.
 ABSENCE.
 TONIC CLONIC.
 ATONIC.

6. PARTIAL EPILEPSY:
 It may also be referred to as a focal seizure.
 Epilepsy is a condition that causes multiple
seizures, and the seizures can be of any
type.
 A simple partial seizure will affect only one
area of your brain.
 It doesn't cause you to lose consciousness.

7. BENIGN ROLANDIC EPILEPSY OF CHILDHOOD
 Seizures affect the face and sometimes the body.
 Benign Rolandic epilepsy accounts for about 15% of the cases of
epilepsy in children.
 It's called "Rolandic" because seizures originate in the Rolandic area
of the brain, the area that controls the face.
 Tingling , speaking problem and behavioural problems.

8. PRIMARY GENERALISED EPILEPSY
 In this both hemisphere involved.
 40% tonic clonic seizure.
 Childhood or adolescence.

9. CAUSES OF PRIMARY EPILEPSY:
 brain defects
 head trauma
 infectious diseases
 stroke
 brain tumours
 genetic or developmental abnormalities

10. SECONDARY EPILEPSY:
 Begin in one part of the brain, but then spread to both sides of the brain.
 Genetics
 Metabolic disorders
 Head injury
 Vascular disease
 Infections
 Drugs

11. ABSENCE SEIZURES:
 Sudden unconsciousness
 Causes you blank for few seconds
 They're more common in children than in adults.
 Someone having an absence seizure may look like he
or she is staring blankly into space for a few seconds.

12. TONIC CLONIC SEIZURES:
• All the muscles stiffen.
• The person loses consciousness and falls to the
floor.
• A person may bite their tongue or inside of their
cheek. If this happens, saliva may look a bit
bloody.
 No postural change.

13. ATONIC SEIZURES:
 A type of seizure that causes sudden loss of
muscle strength.
 Sudden loss of postural tone.
 Occurs primarily in children.
 The eyelids may droop
 The head may nod or drop forward, and the
person may drop things.
 If standing, the person often falls to the ground.

14. MANAGEMENT OF EPILEPSY:
 Airway
 Iv
 Oxygen
 Move away from danger

15.  Epilepsy is usually treated with medications,
 but it may also involve surgery, nerve stimulation devices, or special diets,
 depending on your situation and whether or
 not your seizures are controlled with
 medication.

16. DIAGNOSIS:
• An electroencephalogram (EEG) to measure the electrical activity of the
brain
• Imaging tests, like an MRI or CT scan, of the head.

17. • A neurological exam. Your doctor may test your behavior, motor abilities, mental
function and other areas to diagnose your condition and determine the type of
epilepsy you may have.
• Blood tests. Your doctor may take a blood sample to check for signs of infections,
genetic conditions or other conditions that may be associated with seizures.

18. TREATMENT:
• carbamazepine
• surgery to remove a small part of the brain that's
causing the seizures.
• a procedure to put a small electrical device inside
the body that can help control seizures.

19. EPILEPSY SURGERY:
 For some people surgery can stop or reduce the number of
seizures they have.
 It might be considered if anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) have not
stopped or significantly reduced the number of seizures a
person has.
 There are different kinds of epilepsy surgery.
 One kind of surgery involves removing a specific area of the
brain which is thought to be causing the seizures.
 Another kind involves separating the part of the brain that is
causing seizures from the rest of the brain.

20. PREVENTIONS:
• Don't drink alcohol, use illegal drugs, or smoke.
• Protect your head with a helmet during any sport or
activity that could result in a head injury.
• Get plenty of sleep every night.
• Do your best to avoid getting a cold or the flu.
• Talk with your doctor about all of your prescription
medications to be sure they won't aggravate seizures.
• Always take all of your epilepsy medications as
prescribed.
• Find healthy ways to cope with stress.