This Document include introduction to neopalynology structure of pollen, type's of pollination, methodology used in Neopalynology, and neopalynology in plant Taxonomy and systematics, Neopalynology in plant reproduction biology Neopalynology in tracking the spread of invasive species and neopalynology in recreation of ecosystem

1. Neopalynology and it’s
applications in botany
SUBMITTED BY: GROUP 3

2. Introduction
 Study of recent pollens & spores of modern plants
 Structure of Pollen
 Tube cell cytoplasm, tube cell nucleus, generative cell,aperture,Exine & intine
 Structure of Spore
 Reproductive cell , sometimes give directly rise to individual in asexual reproduction &
sometimes germinate into gametophyte to produce gametes
 Morphology
 Size , shape & surface ornamentation are key features for identification of pollen ;
ridges & appendages in spore

3. Exine Structure
 Exine of pollen is smooth
 Spore’s Exine is sporopollenin
 APERTURE
 In pollen number & location vary; In spore elators or
perine layers are present .
 Chemical Composition
 Include study & analysis of chemical composition for
identification
 Genetic Information
 Include analysis of DNA for evolutionary histories

5. Evolution
 Prominent in 1950 and 1960

6. Methods and techniques
 Microscopic techniques
 Light microscopy
 Transmission electron microscopy
 Scanning electron microscopy
 Florescence microscopy
 Acetolysis techniques
 Digital microscopy
 Photo microscopy
 Computer aided identification

7. Laboratory methods
 Sample collection
 Driyng the sample
 Sample grinding
 Chemical. Treatment
 Centrifugation
 Washing and filtration
 Microscopic examination
 Documentation

8. Molecular Methods
 Molecular method is DNA barcoding.
 It involves extracting and sequencing specific regions of the pollen DNA to
identify plant species.

9. Applications of Neopalynology in botany
A. Neopalynology in plant Taxonomy and systematics:
 Identification of plant species
 Pollen morphology
 Taxonomic markers
 Cryptic species differentiation
 Evolution relationships
 Systematic studies
 Biogeography
 Palynological flora

10. Neopalynology in Plant reproduction
biology
 Pollen Production and dispersal
 Pollen viability and germination
 Pollination mechanism
 Reproduction synchrony
 Hybridization studies
 Adaptation to cross pollination and self pollination
 Effects of Environmental factors on reproduction

11. Neopalynology’s role in plant Ecology
 Climate change indicators
 Biodiversity assessment
 Evolutionary insights
 Anthropogenic impact assessment
 Ecosystem stability studies
 D. Tracking the spread of invasive plants

12. Future prospectus and innovation in
Neopalynology:
 Study of modern pollen, spores.
 Innovation through advance in microscopy, DNA analysis and machine learning.
 Techniques enhance accuracy.
 Neopalynology intersects with field like paleoclimatology, archaeology etc.

13. Emerging trends and techniques in the
field
 Environmental monitoring (increase environmental monitoring and assessment)
 Climate change studies(impact on plant distribution and ecosystem)
 Urban ecology(applied on urban community
 Help in pollen production)
 Allergen research
 Biodiversity conservation (Neopalynology contribute biodiversity conservation by
providing information.
 Essential for assessing the heath and diversity of ecosystem)

14. Continuous…
 Forensic neopalynology (trace the origin of crime samples.
 Analyze pollen found on clothing or objects, investigator’s.
 Technology advancement (advance in microscopy, enhance the precision and
efficiency, high resolution imaging and molecular methods contribute more
accurate identication and analysis)
 Interdisciplinary collaboration(involve
 Collaboration with discipline such as ecology, climatology, geography and
archaeology. This interdisciplinary approach enriches research perspective and
widen the application of neopalynology)

15. Conclusion:
 Focus on pollen analysis, plant diversity, ecological pattern and environmental.
 Overall play role in unraveling relationship between plants, climate and human activities.
 The significance of Neopalynology in scientific research
 Researcher use Neopalynology to understand vegetation dynamics monitor climate change.
 Summarizing the key contribution of Neopalynology
 Analyze modern pollen.
 Emphasizing its importance in diverse scientific discipline
 Concept serve as foundational principle
 Essential insights (biology, physics and chemistry)
 Understand complex phenomenon fostering interdisciplinary connection and driving scientific
advancements.