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NEFRECTOMÍA 
CITOREDUCTIVA 
Katherine Henríquez 
UROLOGÍA 
Enero 30, 2012
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
CARCINOMA DE CÉLULAS RENALES METASTÁSICO 
Sobrevida RCC a 5 años 50-55% 
 Sobrevida con metástasis 10-20% 
De los RCC diagnosticados 
 20% localmente avanzados 
 30% con metástasis 
 40% se les realiza nefrectomía 
K.K. Aben, T.K. Luth, M.L. Janssen-Heijnen et al. No improvement in renal cell carcinoma survival: a population-based 
study in the Netherlands. Eur J Cancer, 44 (2008), pp. 1701–1709
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
CARCINOMA DE CÉLULAS RENALES METASTÁSICO 
Sobrevida mayor 
Prevención de 
complicaciones 
tumorales 
Mejor respuesta a 
la inmunoterapia 
Morbilidad y 
mortalidad 
perioperatoria 
mayor 
Retraso del inicio 
de terapia blanco
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
CARCINOMA DE CÉLULAS RENALES METASTÁSICO
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
CARCINOMA DE CÉLULAS RENALES METASTÁSICO
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
CARCINOMA DE CÉLULAS RENALES METASTÁSICO
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
TERAPIA SISTÉMICA 
ERA DE CITOKINAS 
INFα e IL2 
INMUNOTERAPIA 
1992 - 2004 
•NEFRECTOMÍA 
COMO ESTÁNDAR DE 
TRATAMIENTO 
• POSTQUIRÚRGICO / 
ADJUVANTE 
ERA INHIBIDORES DE 
ANGIOGÉNESIS (TKI y 
Ab VEFG) y mTOR 
TERAPIA BLANCO 
2005 - 2012 
• ¿NEFRECTOMÍA 
REALMENTE ES 
NECESARIA? 
• ¿PREQUIRUGICO? / 
¿NEOADJUVANTE?
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
TUMORIGÉNESIS
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
POSIBLES MECANISMOS DE ACCIÓN 
Reducción del volumen tumoral 
Cambio del microambiente tumoral 
con inhibición del grado de invasión 
Gatenby RA, Gawlinski ET, Tangen CM et al: The possible role of postoperative azotemia in enhanced 
survival of patients with metastatic renal cancer after cytoreductive nephrectomy. Cancer Res 2002; 62: 5218. 
Tatsumi T, Herrem CJ, OlsonWC et al: Disease stage variation in CD4 and CD8 T-cell reactivity to the receptor tyrosine 
kinase EphA2 in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2003; 63: 4481. 
Fujikawa K, Matsui Y, Miura K et al: Serum immunosuppressive acidic protein and natural killer cell activity in patients 
with metastatic renal cell carcinoma before and after nephrectomy. J Urol 2000; 164: 673.
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
POSIBLES MECANISMOS DE ACCIÓN 
Disminución de inmunosupresión, reversión de relación 
TH1/TH2 aumento en actividad de células NK 
Disminución de marcadores angiogénicos incluyendo 
VEGF 
Dadian G, Riches PG, Henderson DC et al: Immunological parameters in peripheral blood of patients 
with renal cell carcinoma before and after nephrectomy. Br J Urol 1994; 74: 15. 
Klatte T, Bohm M, Nelius T et al: Evaluation of peri-operative peripheral and renal venous levels of pro- and anti-angiogenic 
factors and their relevance in patients with renal cell carcinoma. BJU Int 2007; 100: 209..
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
INMUNOTERAPIA
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
INMUNOTERAPIA 
Flanigan RC, Mickisch G, Sylvester R, et al. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in patients with metastatic renal cancer: a 
combined analysis. J Urol 2004;171:1071.
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
INMUNOTERAPIA 
K Kwan and A Kapoor. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the evolving role of surgery in 
the era of molecular targeted therapy. Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care 2009, 3:157–165
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
TERAPIA BLANCO 
 314 pacientes 
2004-2008, 
nefrectomía 201 
 55% Edad < 60 años 
 30% Karnofsky < 80 
 74% más de un sitio 
de metástasis 
 Sunitinib 198 (63%) 
 Tiempo de inicio 
promedio 5 meses 
postoperatorio 
T Choueiri, W Xie, C Kollmannsberger et al. The Impact of Cytoreductive Nephrectomy on Survival of 
Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Receiving Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Targeted Therapy. The 
Journal of Urology Vol. 185, 60-66, January 2011
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
TERAPIA BLANCO
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
TERAPIA BLANCO 
T Choueiri, W Xie, C Kollmannsberger et al. The Impact of Cytoreductive Nephrectomy on Survival of 
Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Receiving Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Targeted Therapy. The 
Journal of Urology Vol. 185, 60-66, January 2011
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
CONTRAINDICACIONES 
Contraindicaciones RELATIVAS 
Histología 
• Sarcomatoide 
• No células claras 
Metástasis 
• Cerebral 
• Hepática 
• Ósea de gran volumen tumoral 
Edad ≥ 75 años 
Karnofsky < 80 
E Abel and C Wood. Cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic RCC in the era of targeted therapy. Nat. Rev. Urol. 6, 
375–383 (2009).
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
SOBREVIDA
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
SOBREVIDA 
Mekhail TM, Abou-Jawde RM, BoumerhiGet al. Validation and extension of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering 
prognostic factors model for survival in patients with previously untreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin 
Oncol 2005;23: 832–841.
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
SOBREVIDA 
Mekhail TM, Abou-Jawde RM, BoumerhiGet al. Validation and extension of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering 
prognostic factors model for survival in patients with previously untreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin 
Oncol 2005;23: 832–841.
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
FACTORES PRONÓSTICOS 
V Margulis, S Matin and C Wood. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Current Opinion 
in Urology 2008, 18:474–480.
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
SOBREVIDA 
328 pacientes entre 1999-2005 retrospectivo 
 37.5% nefrectomía 
 Sobrevida a 3 años mayor con nefrectomía previa 
(25 vs 4%, p < 0.001) 
 Reduce mortalidad en 50% 
Nefrectomía se asocia con mejor sobrevida 
(RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.37–0.73) 
Aben KK, Heskamp S, Janssen-Heijnen ML, Koldewijn EL, van Herpen CM, Kiemeney LA, Oosterwijk E, van 
Spronsen DJ. Better survival in patients with metastasised kidney cancer after nephrectomy: a population-based 
study in the Netherlands. Eur J Cancer. 2011 Sep;47(13):2023-32.
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
FACTORES 
Aben KK, Heskamp S, Janssen-Heijnen ML, Koldewijn EL, van Herpen CM, Kiemeney LA, Oosterwijk E, van Spronsen DJ. Better survival 
in patients with metastasised kidney cancer after nephrectomy: a population-based study in the Netherlands. Eur J Cancer. 2011 
Sep;47(13):2023-32.
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
FACTORES 
Aben KK, Heskamp S, Janssen-Heijnen ML, Koldewijn EL, van Herpen CM, Kiemeney LA, Oosterwijk E, van Spronsen DJ. Better survival 
in patients with metastasised kidney cancer after nephrectomy: a population-based study in the Netherlands. Eur J Cancer. 2011 
Sep;47(13):2023-32.
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
FACTORES 
Baja probabilidad de nefrectomía 
 Pobre estado funcional (Karnofsky < 80%) 
Metástasis hepática y ósea 
 Edad avanzada al diagnóstico(≥ 80 años) 
Aben KK, Heskamp S, Janssen-Heijnen ML, Koldewijn EL, van Herpen CM, Kiemeney LA, Oosterwijk E, van Spronsen DJ. Better survival 
in patients with metastasised kidney cancer after nephrectomy: a population-based study in the Netherlands. Eur J Cancer. 2011 
Sep;47(13):2023-32.
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
SOBREVIDA 
Aben KK, Heskamp S, Janssen-Heijnen ML, Koldewijn EL, van Herpen CM, Kiemeney LA, Oosterwijk E, van 
Spronsen DJ. Better survival in patients with metastasised kidney cancer after nephrectomy: a population-based 
study in the Netherlands. Eur J Cancer. 2011 Sep;47(13):2023-32.
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
EDAD 
404 pacientes, 1995-2005 
 En ≥ 75 años de edad: 
 Mortalidad perioperatoria mayor 21 vs 1.1% 
 Pérdida sanguínea y transfusión mayor 
 Sobrevida sin diferencias 16.6 vs 13.7 meses 
 Potencial significativo de morbilidad y mortalidad 
 Expectativas realistas 
A.K. Kader, P. Tamboli, T. Luongo et al. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in the elderly patient: the M.D. Anderson 
Cancer Center experience. J Urol, 177 (2007), pp. 855–860
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
EDAD 
A.K. Kader, P. Tamboli, T. Luongo et al. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in the elderly patient: the M.D. Anderson 
Cancer Center experience. J Urol, 177 (2007), pp. 855–860
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
EDAD 
504 pacientes 1998-2007 
 Nefrectomía en 15.4% con edad ≥ 75 años 
 Tasas mayores de: 
 Mortalidad perioperatoria 4.8 vs 1.9% 
 Transfusión de hemoderivados 29.8 vs 21.5% 
 Complicaciones postoperatorias 27.8 vs 22.8% 
 Edad ≥ 75 años tiene 2.5 veces más riesgo de fallecer en el 
postoperatorio que los de < 75 años 
M Sun , F Abdollah , J Schmitges, M Bianchi, Z Tian, S Shariat, K Zorn, D Pharand , H Widmer, M Graefen, F 
Montorsi, P Perrotte, P Karakiewicz. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in the elderly: a population-based cohort from 
the USA. BJUI 2011: 109 , 1807 – 1812.
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
EDAD 
M Sun , F Abdollah , J Schmitges, M Bianchi, Z Tian, S Shariat, K Zorn, D Pharand , H Widmer, M Graefen, F 
Montorsi, P Perrotte, P Karakiewicz. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in the elderly: a population-based cohort from 
the USA. BJUI 2011: 109 , 1807 – 1812.
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
TERAPIA BLANCO NEOADJUVANTE 
C Wood, V Margulis. Neoadjuvant (Presurgical) Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma: A New Treatment Paradigm for 
Locally Advanced and Metastatic Disease. Cancer May 15, 2009: 2355-2360.
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
TERAPIA BLANCO NEOADJUVANTE
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
TERAPIA BLANCO NEOADJUVANTE 
 Terapia blanco prequirúrgica vs nefrectomía citorreductiva 
inicial 
 No diferencias en parámetros perioperatorios 
 Parece ser seguro 
 Identifica pacientes que responden a terapia sistémica previo a la 
cirugía, evitando cirugía mórbida con pronóstico pobre 
C Wood, V Margulis. Neoadjuvant (Presurgical) Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma: A New Treatment Paradigm for 
Locally Advanced and Metastatic Disease. Cancer May 15, 2009: 2355-2360.
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
TERAPIA BLANCO NEOADJUVANTE 
C Wood, V Margulis. Neoadjuvant (Presurgical) Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma: A New Treatment Paradigm for 
Locally Advanced and Metastatic Disease. Cancer May 15, 2009: 2355-2360.
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
METASTASECTOMÍA 
91 pacientes 
1989 – 2003 
Memorial Sloan 
Kettering Cancer 
Center 
P Russo, M Snyder, A Vickers, V Kondagunta, R Motzer. Cytoreductive Nephrectomy and Nephrectomy/Complete 
Metastasectomy for Metastatic Renal Cancer. The Scientific World JOURNAL (2007) 7, 768–778
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
METASTASECTOMÍA 
P Russo, M Snyder, A Vickers, V Kondagunta, R Motzer. Cytoreductive Nephrectomy and Nephrectomy/Complete 
Metastasectomy for Metastatic Renal Cancer. The Scientific World JOURNAL (2007) 7, 768–778
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
METASTASECTOMÍA 
Sobrevida media de nefrectomía/metastasectomía 30 meses vs 
12 meses con solo nefrectomía citoreductiva 
P Russo, M Snyder, A Vickers, V Kondagunta, R Motzer. Cytoreductive Nephrectomy and Nephrectomy/Complete 
Metastasectomy for Metastatic Renal Cancer. The Scientific World JOURNAL (2007) 7, 768–778
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
TENDENCIAS 
ERA DE 
CITOKINAS 
ERA DE TERAPIA 
BLANCO 
C. Tsao, A. C. Small, M. Kates et al. Cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 
in the era of targeted therapy in the United States: a SEER analysis. World J Urol. Published online: 08 dec 2012.
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
ROL EN LA ERA DE TERAPIA BLANCO 
Choueiri TK, XieW, Kollmannsberger C, et al. The impact of cytoreductive nephrectomy on survival of patients 
with metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving vascular endothelial growth factor targeted therapy. J Urol 
2011;185:60. 
Bellmunt J. Future developments in renal cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2009; 20(Suppl 1):i13. 
Biswas S, Kelly J, Eisen T. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: perspectives in 
the tyrosine kinase inhibitor era. Oncologist 2009;14:52.
NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA 
ESTUDIOS EN FASE III 
Estudio CARMENA 
2013 
Sobrevida global 
Estudio EORTC 
2014 
Sobrevida libre de progresión
¡ GRACIAS !

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Nefrectomia citorreductiva

  • 1. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA Katherine Henríquez UROLOGÍA Enero 30, 2012
  • 2. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA CARCINOMA DE CÉLULAS RENALES METASTÁSICO Sobrevida RCC a 5 años 50-55%  Sobrevida con metástasis 10-20% De los RCC diagnosticados  20% localmente avanzados  30% con metástasis  40% se les realiza nefrectomía K.K. Aben, T.K. Luth, M.L. Janssen-Heijnen et al. No improvement in renal cell carcinoma survival: a population-based study in the Netherlands. Eur J Cancer, 44 (2008), pp. 1701–1709
  • 3. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA CARCINOMA DE CÉLULAS RENALES METASTÁSICO Sobrevida mayor Prevención de complicaciones tumorales Mejor respuesta a la inmunoterapia Morbilidad y mortalidad perioperatoria mayor Retraso del inicio de terapia blanco
  • 4. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA CARCINOMA DE CÉLULAS RENALES METASTÁSICO
  • 5. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA CARCINOMA DE CÉLULAS RENALES METASTÁSICO
  • 6. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA CARCINOMA DE CÉLULAS RENALES METASTÁSICO
  • 7. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA TERAPIA SISTÉMICA ERA DE CITOKINAS INFα e IL2 INMUNOTERAPIA 1992 - 2004 •NEFRECTOMÍA COMO ESTÁNDAR DE TRATAMIENTO • POSTQUIRÚRGICO / ADJUVANTE ERA INHIBIDORES DE ANGIOGÉNESIS (TKI y Ab VEFG) y mTOR TERAPIA BLANCO 2005 - 2012 • ¿NEFRECTOMÍA REALMENTE ES NECESARIA? • ¿PREQUIRUGICO? / ¿NEOADJUVANTE?
  • 9. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA POSIBLES MECANISMOS DE ACCIÓN Reducción del volumen tumoral Cambio del microambiente tumoral con inhibición del grado de invasión Gatenby RA, Gawlinski ET, Tangen CM et al: The possible role of postoperative azotemia in enhanced survival of patients with metastatic renal cancer after cytoreductive nephrectomy. Cancer Res 2002; 62: 5218. Tatsumi T, Herrem CJ, OlsonWC et al: Disease stage variation in CD4 and CD8 T-cell reactivity to the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2003; 63: 4481. Fujikawa K, Matsui Y, Miura K et al: Serum immunosuppressive acidic protein and natural killer cell activity in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma before and after nephrectomy. J Urol 2000; 164: 673.
  • 10. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA POSIBLES MECANISMOS DE ACCIÓN Disminución de inmunosupresión, reversión de relación TH1/TH2 aumento en actividad de células NK Disminución de marcadores angiogénicos incluyendo VEGF Dadian G, Riches PG, Henderson DC et al: Immunological parameters in peripheral blood of patients with renal cell carcinoma before and after nephrectomy. Br J Urol 1994; 74: 15. Klatte T, Bohm M, Nelius T et al: Evaluation of peri-operative peripheral and renal venous levels of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors and their relevance in patients with renal cell carcinoma. BJU Int 2007; 100: 209..
  • 12. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA INMUNOTERAPIA Flanigan RC, Mickisch G, Sylvester R, et al. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in patients with metastatic renal cancer: a combined analysis. J Urol 2004;171:1071.
  • 13. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA INMUNOTERAPIA K Kwan and A Kapoor. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the evolving role of surgery in the era of molecular targeted therapy. Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care 2009, 3:157–165
  • 14. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA TERAPIA BLANCO  314 pacientes 2004-2008, nefrectomía 201  55% Edad < 60 años  30% Karnofsky < 80  74% más de un sitio de metástasis  Sunitinib 198 (63%)  Tiempo de inicio promedio 5 meses postoperatorio T Choueiri, W Xie, C Kollmannsberger et al. The Impact of Cytoreductive Nephrectomy on Survival of Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Receiving Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Targeted Therapy. The Journal of Urology Vol. 185, 60-66, January 2011
  • 16. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA TERAPIA BLANCO T Choueiri, W Xie, C Kollmannsberger et al. The Impact of Cytoreductive Nephrectomy on Survival of Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Receiving Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Targeted Therapy. The Journal of Urology Vol. 185, 60-66, January 2011
  • 17. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA CONTRAINDICACIONES Contraindicaciones RELATIVAS Histología • Sarcomatoide • No células claras Metástasis • Cerebral • Hepática • Ósea de gran volumen tumoral Edad ≥ 75 años Karnofsky < 80 E Abel and C Wood. Cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic RCC in the era of targeted therapy. Nat. Rev. Urol. 6, 375–383 (2009).
  • 19. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA SOBREVIDA Mekhail TM, Abou-Jawde RM, BoumerhiGet al. Validation and extension of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering prognostic factors model for survival in patients with previously untreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2005;23: 832–841.
  • 20. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA SOBREVIDA Mekhail TM, Abou-Jawde RM, BoumerhiGet al. Validation and extension of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering prognostic factors model for survival in patients with previously untreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2005;23: 832–841.
  • 21. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA FACTORES PRONÓSTICOS V Margulis, S Matin and C Wood. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Current Opinion in Urology 2008, 18:474–480.
  • 22. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA SOBREVIDA 328 pacientes entre 1999-2005 retrospectivo  37.5% nefrectomía  Sobrevida a 3 años mayor con nefrectomía previa (25 vs 4%, p < 0.001)  Reduce mortalidad en 50% Nefrectomía se asocia con mejor sobrevida (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.37–0.73) Aben KK, Heskamp S, Janssen-Heijnen ML, Koldewijn EL, van Herpen CM, Kiemeney LA, Oosterwijk E, van Spronsen DJ. Better survival in patients with metastasised kidney cancer after nephrectomy: a population-based study in the Netherlands. Eur J Cancer. 2011 Sep;47(13):2023-32.
  • 23. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA FACTORES Aben KK, Heskamp S, Janssen-Heijnen ML, Koldewijn EL, van Herpen CM, Kiemeney LA, Oosterwijk E, van Spronsen DJ. Better survival in patients with metastasised kidney cancer after nephrectomy: a population-based study in the Netherlands. Eur J Cancer. 2011 Sep;47(13):2023-32.
  • 24. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA FACTORES Aben KK, Heskamp S, Janssen-Heijnen ML, Koldewijn EL, van Herpen CM, Kiemeney LA, Oosterwijk E, van Spronsen DJ. Better survival in patients with metastasised kidney cancer after nephrectomy: a population-based study in the Netherlands. Eur J Cancer. 2011 Sep;47(13):2023-32.
  • 25. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA FACTORES Baja probabilidad de nefrectomía  Pobre estado funcional (Karnofsky < 80%) Metástasis hepática y ósea  Edad avanzada al diagnóstico(≥ 80 años) Aben KK, Heskamp S, Janssen-Heijnen ML, Koldewijn EL, van Herpen CM, Kiemeney LA, Oosterwijk E, van Spronsen DJ. Better survival in patients with metastasised kidney cancer after nephrectomy: a population-based study in the Netherlands. Eur J Cancer. 2011 Sep;47(13):2023-32.
  • 26. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA SOBREVIDA Aben KK, Heskamp S, Janssen-Heijnen ML, Koldewijn EL, van Herpen CM, Kiemeney LA, Oosterwijk E, van Spronsen DJ. Better survival in patients with metastasised kidney cancer after nephrectomy: a population-based study in the Netherlands. Eur J Cancer. 2011 Sep;47(13):2023-32.
  • 27. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA EDAD 404 pacientes, 1995-2005  En ≥ 75 años de edad:  Mortalidad perioperatoria mayor 21 vs 1.1%  Pérdida sanguínea y transfusión mayor  Sobrevida sin diferencias 16.6 vs 13.7 meses  Potencial significativo de morbilidad y mortalidad  Expectativas realistas A.K. Kader, P. Tamboli, T. Luongo et al. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in the elderly patient: the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center experience. J Urol, 177 (2007), pp. 855–860
  • 28. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA EDAD A.K. Kader, P. Tamboli, T. Luongo et al. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in the elderly patient: the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center experience. J Urol, 177 (2007), pp. 855–860
  • 29. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA EDAD 504 pacientes 1998-2007  Nefrectomía en 15.4% con edad ≥ 75 años  Tasas mayores de:  Mortalidad perioperatoria 4.8 vs 1.9%  Transfusión de hemoderivados 29.8 vs 21.5%  Complicaciones postoperatorias 27.8 vs 22.8%  Edad ≥ 75 años tiene 2.5 veces más riesgo de fallecer en el postoperatorio que los de < 75 años M Sun , F Abdollah , J Schmitges, M Bianchi, Z Tian, S Shariat, K Zorn, D Pharand , H Widmer, M Graefen, F Montorsi, P Perrotte, P Karakiewicz. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in the elderly: a population-based cohort from the USA. BJUI 2011: 109 , 1807 – 1812.
  • 30. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA EDAD M Sun , F Abdollah , J Schmitges, M Bianchi, Z Tian, S Shariat, K Zorn, D Pharand , H Widmer, M Graefen, F Montorsi, P Perrotte, P Karakiewicz. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in the elderly: a population-based cohort from the USA. BJUI 2011: 109 , 1807 – 1812.
  • 31. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA TERAPIA BLANCO NEOADJUVANTE C Wood, V Margulis. Neoadjuvant (Presurgical) Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma: A New Treatment Paradigm for Locally Advanced and Metastatic Disease. Cancer May 15, 2009: 2355-2360.
  • 32. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA TERAPIA BLANCO NEOADJUVANTE
  • 33. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA TERAPIA BLANCO NEOADJUVANTE  Terapia blanco prequirúrgica vs nefrectomía citorreductiva inicial  No diferencias en parámetros perioperatorios  Parece ser seguro  Identifica pacientes que responden a terapia sistémica previo a la cirugía, evitando cirugía mórbida con pronóstico pobre C Wood, V Margulis. Neoadjuvant (Presurgical) Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma: A New Treatment Paradigm for Locally Advanced and Metastatic Disease. Cancer May 15, 2009: 2355-2360.
  • 34. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA TERAPIA BLANCO NEOADJUVANTE C Wood, V Margulis. Neoadjuvant (Presurgical) Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma: A New Treatment Paradigm for Locally Advanced and Metastatic Disease. Cancer May 15, 2009: 2355-2360.
  • 35. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA METASTASECTOMÍA 91 pacientes 1989 – 2003 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center P Russo, M Snyder, A Vickers, V Kondagunta, R Motzer. Cytoreductive Nephrectomy and Nephrectomy/Complete Metastasectomy for Metastatic Renal Cancer. The Scientific World JOURNAL (2007) 7, 768–778
  • 36. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA METASTASECTOMÍA P Russo, M Snyder, A Vickers, V Kondagunta, R Motzer. Cytoreductive Nephrectomy and Nephrectomy/Complete Metastasectomy for Metastatic Renal Cancer. The Scientific World JOURNAL (2007) 7, 768–778
  • 37. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA METASTASECTOMÍA Sobrevida media de nefrectomía/metastasectomía 30 meses vs 12 meses con solo nefrectomía citoreductiva P Russo, M Snyder, A Vickers, V Kondagunta, R Motzer. Cytoreductive Nephrectomy and Nephrectomy/Complete Metastasectomy for Metastatic Renal Cancer. The Scientific World JOURNAL (2007) 7, 768–778
  • 38. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA TENDENCIAS ERA DE CITOKINAS ERA DE TERAPIA BLANCO C. Tsao, A. C. Small, M. Kates et al. Cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the era of targeted therapy in the United States: a SEER analysis. World J Urol. Published online: 08 dec 2012.
  • 39. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA ROL EN LA ERA DE TERAPIA BLANCO Choueiri TK, XieW, Kollmannsberger C, et al. The impact of cytoreductive nephrectomy on survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving vascular endothelial growth factor targeted therapy. J Urol 2011;185:60. Bellmunt J. Future developments in renal cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2009; 20(Suppl 1):i13. Biswas S, Kelly J, Eisen T. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: perspectives in the tyrosine kinase inhibitor era. Oncologist 2009;14:52.
  • 40. NEFRECTOMÍA CITOREDUCTIVA ESTUDIOS EN FASE III Estudio CARMENA 2013 Sobrevida global Estudio EORTC 2014 Sobrevida libre de progresión