This document discusses the need for a youth parliament in India to better represent and engage youth in decision making. It notes that while India has a large youth population, they have little representation in parliament. The document argues that a youth parliament, even in an advisory capacity, could help policymakers understand the needs and aspirations of youth. It also provides background context on definitions of youth, the size of the youth population globally, and current levels of youth political participation worldwide which are generally low.
Case 4 space 2.2. presentation layne robinson_commonwealth secretariat.pptxcase4space
This document discusses political and civic participation in youth development as measured by the Youth Development Index (YDI). It notes that youth participation in formal politics is declining globally except in new democracies, though youth are more engaged in civic affairs through alternative modes of participation and technology. Enhancing youth participation requires measures like civic education, quotas, and citizenship education. The YDI measures youth development across five domains using 18 indicators, though data gaps exist, particularly in political and civic participation. Gender gaps also differ between regions and more disaggregated data is needed. Sub-national data is important to avoid averages hiding variations, and challenges collecting such data include outdated sources and competing priorities.
Case 4 space 2.2. background document layne robinson_commonwealth secretariatcase4space
South Asia is home to nearly half a billion youth, representing a large portion of the global youth population. However, South Asian countries generally rank low in terms of youth development according to the Global Youth Development Index. Sri Lanka showed the most improvement between 2010-2015, with a 12% increase in its overall score driven by gains in employment and civic participation. In contrast, Pakistan saw an 18% decline in its score over this period due to drops in civic and political participation. India also made progress but continues to lag behind in education, employment, and health.
Youth Active Citizenship Context Analysis 2013Geoff Hazell
This document provides a summary of trends, barriers, and strategies related to youth active citizenship based on an analysis by Oxfam International Youth Partnerships. It identifies five key global trends: 1) changing populations with the largest youth population in history, 2) globalization and complex issues requiring new approaches to citizenship, 3) increased connectivity through technology and education, 4) protests related to rising inequality and unemployment, and 5) Oxfam's focus on emerging economies and middle income countries where most people in poverty now live. The document aims to support options for evolving Oxfam's youth programs to engage young people as agents of change.
This document discusses gender policy and budgeting. It provides information on:
1. The goals and objectives of gender policy, which include promoting gender equality, equal opportunities, and representation in decision making.
2. Key aspects of developing and implementing an effective gender policy, such as conducting gender analyses, establishing guidelines and indicators, and evaluating progress.
3. Gender budgeting, which aims to achieve a gender-equal distribution of resources, and involves analyzing budgets from a gender perspective to ensure equitable allocation of funding.
The document emphasizes establishing objectives, indicators, and guidelines in gender policy, as well as assessing budgets to promote gender equality within organizations and their activities.
This first Jordanian National Human Development Report focuses on the condition and role of young people in the country, arguing that the capacity of young Jordanians to contribute to national development and to compete in the global economy will determine whether Jordan remains a low middle income country or joins the ranks of the world's advanced economies. The Report looks at young people's lives and aspirations in the three key areas of education, employment and social integration, finding for example that 60% of all unemployed people are below that age of 25. The Report concludes that although Jordan has made significant advances in building people's capabilities, there is room for improvement in aspects of gender-equality, employment, income and quality and relevance of education, and ends with a substantial section on policy recommendations suggesting strategies for addressing this shortfall.
Young people make up a large portion of Africa's population but remain underrepresented in decision making. While some view youth as prone to violence, research shows this is often due to lack of opportunities and poor governance rather than demographics alone. Young people can play important roles in peacebuilding, conflict prevention and resolution, post-conflict reconstruction, and development through activities like peace education, empowerment, employment programs, and involvement in institutions like the African Union's early warning mechanisms. Overcoming challenges like lack of coordination and funding is important to realize youth's potential contributions.
The document discusses concepts related to women's empowerment through literacy and livelihood programs. It defines key terms like empowerment, literacy, and livelihood. It outlines 4 components of empowerment: cognitive, psychological, economic, and political. It discusses indicators of women's empowerment at the individual, community, and national levels. It also discusses the relationship between education, functional literacy, and women's empowerment. The objectives of the study are to review approaches to literacy programs that empower women in Andhra Pradesh and analyze their impact and lessons learned.
The Role of Youths in Electoral Processes: An Appraisal of the Nigerian 2015 ...inventionjournals
Youths represent a significant proportion of the Nigerian Population, but in spite of this, their level of political participation and representation in the electoral process in the past has been very poor and often times undermined; being largely noticed at the level of electoral malpractices, voting irregularities and covert or overtthuggery in support of political office seekers who paradoxically have dominated the political arena to the point of total exclusion of the youths, yet all groups (youths inclusive) seek to influence dispensation of power. The research therefore sets out to analytically x-ray the issues and challenges that confronted youths in previous general elections viz a viz the tremendous effort made by youths in making the 2015 general elections a success, by particularly the use of social media as a propaganda machine and the dogged attitude displayed in the course of retrieving permanent voters card which is unparrarelled and unprecedented. The research implores the use of vivid descriptive scenarios to make sound and logical arguments on the plight and strive of youth in forestalling equity and fair play in our electoral process and also on the strides recorded thereof. Using variables such as lack of proper electoral education and sensitization in the past, religious, regional and sectional divide, poverty, deprivation, thuggery, social media, permanent voters card and so forth, the researchers conclude that youths have in the past been largely responsible for scuttling elections but were however instrumental to the success of the 2015 general elections. It therefore recommends amongst other things that, it is imperative to develop and enhance the capability of youths in the electoral process by creating a robust orientation programme and also engaging them to become financially and morally equip, so as to drastically reduce if not totally eradicate arm-twisting or manipulation of youths in the society.
Case 4 space 2.2. presentation layne robinson_commonwealth secretariat.pptxcase4space
This document discusses political and civic participation in youth development as measured by the Youth Development Index (YDI). It notes that youth participation in formal politics is declining globally except in new democracies, though youth are more engaged in civic affairs through alternative modes of participation and technology. Enhancing youth participation requires measures like civic education, quotas, and citizenship education. The YDI measures youth development across five domains using 18 indicators, though data gaps exist, particularly in political and civic participation. Gender gaps also differ between regions and more disaggregated data is needed. Sub-national data is important to avoid averages hiding variations, and challenges collecting such data include outdated sources and competing priorities.
Case 4 space 2.2. background document layne robinson_commonwealth secretariatcase4space
South Asia is home to nearly half a billion youth, representing a large portion of the global youth population. However, South Asian countries generally rank low in terms of youth development according to the Global Youth Development Index. Sri Lanka showed the most improvement between 2010-2015, with a 12% increase in its overall score driven by gains in employment and civic participation. In contrast, Pakistan saw an 18% decline in its score over this period due to drops in civic and political participation. India also made progress but continues to lag behind in education, employment, and health.
Youth Active Citizenship Context Analysis 2013Geoff Hazell
This document provides a summary of trends, barriers, and strategies related to youth active citizenship based on an analysis by Oxfam International Youth Partnerships. It identifies five key global trends: 1) changing populations with the largest youth population in history, 2) globalization and complex issues requiring new approaches to citizenship, 3) increased connectivity through technology and education, 4) protests related to rising inequality and unemployment, and 5) Oxfam's focus on emerging economies and middle income countries where most people in poverty now live. The document aims to support options for evolving Oxfam's youth programs to engage young people as agents of change.
This document discusses gender policy and budgeting. It provides information on:
1. The goals and objectives of gender policy, which include promoting gender equality, equal opportunities, and representation in decision making.
2. Key aspects of developing and implementing an effective gender policy, such as conducting gender analyses, establishing guidelines and indicators, and evaluating progress.
3. Gender budgeting, which aims to achieve a gender-equal distribution of resources, and involves analyzing budgets from a gender perspective to ensure equitable allocation of funding.
The document emphasizes establishing objectives, indicators, and guidelines in gender policy, as well as assessing budgets to promote gender equality within organizations and their activities.
This first Jordanian National Human Development Report focuses on the condition and role of young people in the country, arguing that the capacity of young Jordanians to contribute to national development and to compete in the global economy will determine whether Jordan remains a low middle income country or joins the ranks of the world's advanced economies. The Report looks at young people's lives and aspirations in the three key areas of education, employment and social integration, finding for example that 60% of all unemployed people are below that age of 25. The Report concludes that although Jordan has made significant advances in building people's capabilities, there is room for improvement in aspects of gender-equality, employment, income and quality and relevance of education, and ends with a substantial section on policy recommendations suggesting strategies for addressing this shortfall.
Young people make up a large portion of Africa's population but remain underrepresented in decision making. While some view youth as prone to violence, research shows this is often due to lack of opportunities and poor governance rather than demographics alone. Young people can play important roles in peacebuilding, conflict prevention and resolution, post-conflict reconstruction, and development through activities like peace education, empowerment, employment programs, and involvement in institutions like the African Union's early warning mechanisms. Overcoming challenges like lack of coordination and funding is important to realize youth's potential contributions.
The document discusses concepts related to women's empowerment through literacy and livelihood programs. It defines key terms like empowerment, literacy, and livelihood. It outlines 4 components of empowerment: cognitive, psychological, economic, and political. It discusses indicators of women's empowerment at the individual, community, and national levels. It also discusses the relationship between education, functional literacy, and women's empowerment. The objectives of the study are to review approaches to literacy programs that empower women in Andhra Pradesh and analyze their impact and lessons learned.
The Role of Youths in Electoral Processes: An Appraisal of the Nigerian 2015 ...inventionjournals
Youths represent a significant proportion of the Nigerian Population, but in spite of this, their level of political participation and representation in the electoral process in the past has been very poor and often times undermined; being largely noticed at the level of electoral malpractices, voting irregularities and covert or overtthuggery in support of political office seekers who paradoxically have dominated the political arena to the point of total exclusion of the youths, yet all groups (youths inclusive) seek to influence dispensation of power. The research therefore sets out to analytically x-ray the issues and challenges that confronted youths in previous general elections viz a viz the tremendous effort made by youths in making the 2015 general elections a success, by particularly the use of social media as a propaganda machine and the dogged attitude displayed in the course of retrieving permanent voters card which is unparrarelled and unprecedented. The research implores the use of vivid descriptive scenarios to make sound and logical arguments on the plight and strive of youth in forestalling equity and fair play in our electoral process and also on the strides recorded thereof. Using variables such as lack of proper electoral education and sensitization in the past, religious, regional and sectional divide, poverty, deprivation, thuggery, social media, permanent voters card and so forth, the researchers conclude that youths have in the past been largely responsible for scuttling elections but were however instrumental to the success of the 2015 general elections. It therefore recommends amongst other things that, it is imperative to develop and enhance the capability of youths in the electoral process by creating a robust orientation programme and also engaging them to become financially and morally equip, so as to drastically reduce if not totally eradicate arm-twisting or manipulation of youths in the society.
Working Paper Youth Development In Mena Cities A Crisis And An OpportunityDoug Ragan
This is working paper on youth development in the Middle East and North Africa. Here is the introduction to explain more:
Currently the population of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region exceeds 432 million people in 2007, half of them under 24 years of age. The region has the youngest population of any region in the world, the second highest urbanization rate and an annual urban growth rate of 4% in the past two decades, second only to Sub-Saharan Africa (Dhillon, 2009). Over half the populations of Egypt, Syria, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq are under 25 years old, while over 60 percent of Pakistan’s and Afghanistan’s populations are under 25 years old. Over the last few decades, school enrolment rates have risen markedly throughout the region for both young men and women. Yet, even with this increase in the level of education, the recently released Arab Human Development Report finds that youth unemployment presents the biggest challenge to all Arab countries, who have nearly double the global rate. A projected 51 million new jobs will have to be created by 2020 to absorb youth into the labor force. Unemployment also often affects women more than men, with unemployment rates for Arab women being amongst the highest in the world. Data from 2005 shows that the youth unemployment rate for men was 25 percent compared to 31.2 per cent for women. In the region, the female youth unemployment went from a high of approximately 59 per cent in Jordan, compared to 35 per cent for males, to a low of 5.7 per cent in UAE, compared to a male unemployment rate of 6.4 per cent. (UNDP, 2009)
This document outlines the UNV Youth Volunteering Strategy for 2014-2017. It analyzes the current context of youth and volunteerism globally. Key points include:
- There are over 1.2 billion youth worldwide who face challenges like unemployment but also have great potential.
- Volunteerism can help address social issues and develop job skills for youth.
- Barriers to youth volunteerism include lack of opportunities, social exclusion, and limited research on impacts.
- Changes like increased travel and online volunteering are creating new opportunities for youth.
- The strategy aims to strengthen youth volunteerism and participation through principles, approaches and partnerships over the next four years.
Rethinking Youth Economic Empowerment In Nigeria: Deepened Democratization, E...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Over the last few decades, the collapse of commodity prices and the attendant leaning of public resources ; incessant rise in births in the African continent leading to the expansion and geometrical growth of population; the growth of corruption within leadership of nations as a result of lessening sense of transparency and accountability have along with other factors jointly combined to impact negatively on the quality of today's youth and youthful populations in many African countries. In Nigeria, our main focus, the dominant majority of the youth population have been both targets and in some cases victims of maladministration of the nation's political and elite class. As targets of public officials and policy makers, several strategies have been worked out, a lot of resources expended all with a bid to checkmate the prolonged devastation that majorly confronted this vital group of a nation's population. In scripting this paper, consideration was given to data obtainable from seconadry literature compiled by other researchers and public sector documents from institutions of government at various levels -local, state and federal. The paper was concluded with a presentation of a series of program and policy level recommendations.
This document provides a summary of the Egypt Human Development Report 2010, which focuses on youth in Egypt. Some key points:
- Youth are defined as those aged 18-29, around 20 million people or 1/4 of Egypt's population.
- Egypt's youth face fewer opportunities than previous generations due to issues like high population growth, limited education and job reforms.
- Youth are ready to take initiatives but decisions around work, marriage and civic participation made now will impact Egypt's development.
- The report uses concepts of social exclusion and inclusion to understand youth's situation - exclusion can be measured by unemployment, crime, etc. while inclusion means youth can join organizations.
- Nine key messages call
American Research Journal of Humanities & Social Science (ARJHSS) is a double blind peer reviewed, open access journal published by (ARJHSS).
The main objective of ARJHSS is to provide an intellectual platform for the international scholars. ARJHSS aims to promote interdisciplinary studies in Humanities & Social Science and become the leading journal in Humanities & Social Science in the world.
1) Women's empowerment programs aim to allow women to gain skills, confidence, and self-reliance by taking control over their own lives.
2) The Women's Empowerment Principles outline seven steps for businesses to promote gender equality, such as establishing corporate leadership for equality and ensuring nondiscrimination and rights for all workers.
3) Empowering women economically is essential for building strong economies, achieving development goals, and improving quality of life for all.
Case 4 space 2.2. presentation perdita sonntag_unv.pptxcase4space
The document discusses volunteerism and volunteer infrastructure in Asia Pacific. It defines volunteerism as unpaid activities that benefit the public good. Volunteering represents an important form of youth civic participation. Volunteer infrastructure includes the systems and mechanisms needed to support volunteerism. Volunteer infrastructure in Asia Pacific is diverse and growing, encompassing policy frameworks, civil society networks, and informal volunteering. However, there is limited region-specific data on its impact. Challenges include recognition, engaging youth, research, and matching needs with demand. Opportunities exist in further research and supporting diverse volunteer infrastructure models.
This manual was developed to equip young people with a better understanding of the peculiar issues faced by young women and girls, how gender constructs and gender inequality has contributed to this, and how young people can advocate for more equitable societies and gender just communities and institutions. Young people will also be equipped to develop change pathways for tackling gender discrimination including applying a gender analysis in all their advocacy initiatives and leveraging movements and collective efforts for gender justice.
Nigeria’s first National Youth Policy1 (NYP), the framework that guides all matters related to youth development in Nigeria, was first formulated in 1989. This was followed up with a new National Youth Policy under a democratic dispensation in 2001 by the Federal Ministry of Youth and Sports. The 2001 NYP made provision for a review every 5 years. A revised one was developed and adopted by the Federal Ministry of Youth Development in 2009. In 2016, the Federal Ministry of Youths and Sports Development (FMYSD) — the ministry responsible for youths in Nigeria — kick-started a review process that is two years late. Nevertheless, for such a document to be comprehensive, it is important that Nigerian youths, for whom the policy was originally designed, are part of the process.
arab youth civic engagement & economic participation Jamaity
This document discusses youth challenges in social transformations in the Arab region. It notes that Arab countries have a large youth population, with around 25% of the population between ages 15-24. While this "youth bulge" was previously seen negatively, recent research views youth as assets rather than problems. The Arab Spring demonstrated that youth can be powerful agents of change. However, many Arab youth face inequities like poverty, illiteracy, unemployment and lack of education opportunities. They also lack a sense of dignity and social justice. These experiences with injustice can encourage civic engagement and participation. The document defines different levels of youth participation, from non-participation to tokenism to authentic engagement. For youth to truly drive change, activities
The focus of this Issue Brief is to explore to what extent youth volunteerism
contributes to the economic empowerment of young people in Asia and the
Pacific, due to the skills which may have been developed during volunteering.
The Brief is a result of a desk study on volunteering and youth unemployment and
underemployment throughout the region, accompanied by a number of interviews
with current and former volunteers.
The Issue Brief first breaks down the challenges of youth unemployment,
underemployment and informality in Asia and Pacific, as well as rapidly changing
skill requirements, which are barriers for young people entering the labor market.
The Brief moves on to discuss the various forms of volunteering in the region, as well
as the skills volunteers may develop during volunteering. The last section explores
which of those skills are relevant to employability and labor market access for young
people and discovers the benefits of volunteering for youth entrepreneurship.
A number of recommendations are made on employability including but not limited
to the importance of skill needs anticipation and skills development relevant for
labor market access and entrepreneurship, followed by recommendations for
volunteer serving organizations and volunteers themselves. These include, for
example, to design volunteer programmes to empower women and expose them to
new work environments and for volunteers to volunteer more strategically to expand
social capital and networks, which are crucial for finding employment in markets
dominated by informality
The document discusses gender equality and women's empowerment. It defines gender equality as equal representation, power and opportunities for men and women. Women's empowerment involves increasing women's sense of self-worth and control over resources/decision-making. While related, gender equality and women's empowerment are separate concepts. Achieving both is important for development goals and smart economics, as empowered women contribute more to their families and communities. However, gender gaps persist globally in areas like education, health, safety, and political representation. Targeting gender equality and empowerment benefits everyone.
youth, revolt, recognition the young generation during and after the “arab sp...Jamaity
This document summarizes Carolina Silveira's paper on youth as political actors in post-Arab Spring Tunisia. It discusses how youth are defined in Tunisia demographically, with 40% of the population under 25 years old. High youth unemployment, especially for educated youth, was a major factor driving the revolution. Since the revolution, most Tunisian youth still do not feel represented by politicians and many have become disengaged from voting due to distrust in the political system. Very few youth are directly involved in traditional politics as members of the National Constituent Assembly.
Youth councils an effective way to promote youth participationDr Lendy Spires
This document discusses youth councils and their effectiveness in promoting youth participation. It provides 6 case studies of youth councils operating at local, national, regional, and international levels in Africa. The case studies illustrate different types of youth councils based on their focus, structure, and roles. Effective youth councils are found to have clearly defined purposes and roles, engage youth in meaningful decision-making, and provide skills development opportunities for participating youth. They can positively impact youth participants through increased confidence and skills, as well as broader communities through advocacy and projects.
The Union Cabinet approved the introduction of the National Youth Policy-2014 to replace the 2003 version. The new policy aims to empower India's youth to achieve their full potential and help India's standing globally. It identifies five objectives and 11 priority areas for youth such as education, skills, health, sports, and civic engagement. The policy seeks to develop educated, healthy and productive young citizens through cooperation across government and non-government groups. It will provide a framework to harness India's youth demographic opportunity and address the needs of the country's 33 crore 15-29 year olds.
Case 4 space 1.2. presentation heike alefsen_undg.pptxcase4space
This document discusses civic/civil society space in Asia and the Pacific. It defines civic space and outlines key policy frameworks supporting it, including the UN Sustainable Development Goals. While civil society has grown and contributed to development gains, civic space is under threat in most Asian countries. Restrictive laws and policies have limited freedoms of assembly, association, and access to information and funding. Human rights defenders, especially women and youth, face risks including killings. The document examines drivers narrowing civic space and UN recommendations to protect and expand it through engagement, legal reforms, monitoring, and support.
Talking points for the high level youth policy dialogue on sustainable develo...Dr Lendy Spires
The document discusses inequalities faced by young people, particularly young women, in Africa. It notes that over 70% of Africa's youth live on less than $2 per day, and unemployment rates for youth are much higher than for adults. Specific inequalities highlighted include lack of access to education, employment opportunities, financial resources, participation in governance, and benefits from extractive industries. The document proposes strategies for addressing these inequalities, such as ensuring youth participation in development processes, promoting women's financial inclusion, implementing gender-responsive policies, and engaging the private sector and men/boys to change social norms.
The document discusses youth participation in development in Indonesia. It notes that Indonesia has a large youth population, with 33% under age 35, presenting an opportunity for development. However, many youth are unable to fully participate due to issues like limited education, health care, poverty, and unemployment. The document recommends investing in youth through education, life skills training, and health services to foster youth leadership and empowerment. It also stresses the importance of meaningful youth participation in decision-making to develop policies that meet their needs and ensure youth can help shape their own future.
The Sustainable Development Goals—officially known as "Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development"—are an intergovernmental set of 17 aspirational goals and 169 targets that now apply to all countries. SDG 4 (quality education) and SDG 8 (decent work and economic growth) seek to address primary concerns of youth. Elsewhere, it stands to reason that engaging, energizing, and empowering youth can make them integral part of the solutions we all need.
Working Paper Youth Development In Mena Cities A Crisis And An OpportunityDoug Ragan
This is working paper on youth development in the Middle East and North Africa. Here is the introduction to explain more:
Currently the population of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region exceeds 432 million people in 2007, half of them under 24 years of age. The region has the youngest population of any region in the world, the second highest urbanization rate and an annual urban growth rate of 4% in the past two decades, second only to Sub-Saharan Africa (Dhillon, 2009). Over half the populations of Egypt, Syria, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq are under 25 years old, while over 60 percent of Pakistan’s and Afghanistan’s populations are under 25 years old. Over the last few decades, school enrolment rates have risen markedly throughout the region for both young men and women. Yet, even with this increase in the level of education, the recently released Arab Human Development Report finds that youth unemployment presents the biggest challenge to all Arab countries, who have nearly double the global rate. A projected 51 million new jobs will have to be created by 2020 to absorb youth into the labor force. Unemployment also often affects women more than men, with unemployment rates for Arab women being amongst the highest in the world. Data from 2005 shows that the youth unemployment rate for men was 25 percent compared to 31.2 per cent for women. In the region, the female youth unemployment went from a high of approximately 59 per cent in Jordan, compared to 35 per cent for males, to a low of 5.7 per cent in UAE, compared to a male unemployment rate of 6.4 per cent. (UNDP, 2009)
This document outlines the UNV Youth Volunteering Strategy for 2014-2017. It analyzes the current context of youth and volunteerism globally. Key points include:
- There are over 1.2 billion youth worldwide who face challenges like unemployment but also have great potential.
- Volunteerism can help address social issues and develop job skills for youth.
- Barriers to youth volunteerism include lack of opportunities, social exclusion, and limited research on impacts.
- Changes like increased travel and online volunteering are creating new opportunities for youth.
- The strategy aims to strengthen youth volunteerism and participation through principles, approaches and partnerships over the next four years.
Rethinking Youth Economic Empowerment In Nigeria: Deepened Democratization, E...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Over the last few decades, the collapse of commodity prices and the attendant leaning of public resources ; incessant rise in births in the African continent leading to the expansion and geometrical growth of population; the growth of corruption within leadership of nations as a result of lessening sense of transparency and accountability have along with other factors jointly combined to impact negatively on the quality of today's youth and youthful populations in many African countries. In Nigeria, our main focus, the dominant majority of the youth population have been both targets and in some cases victims of maladministration of the nation's political and elite class. As targets of public officials and policy makers, several strategies have been worked out, a lot of resources expended all with a bid to checkmate the prolonged devastation that majorly confronted this vital group of a nation's population. In scripting this paper, consideration was given to data obtainable from seconadry literature compiled by other researchers and public sector documents from institutions of government at various levels -local, state and federal. The paper was concluded with a presentation of a series of program and policy level recommendations.
This document provides a summary of the Egypt Human Development Report 2010, which focuses on youth in Egypt. Some key points:
- Youth are defined as those aged 18-29, around 20 million people or 1/4 of Egypt's population.
- Egypt's youth face fewer opportunities than previous generations due to issues like high population growth, limited education and job reforms.
- Youth are ready to take initiatives but decisions around work, marriage and civic participation made now will impact Egypt's development.
- The report uses concepts of social exclusion and inclusion to understand youth's situation - exclusion can be measured by unemployment, crime, etc. while inclusion means youth can join organizations.
- Nine key messages call
American Research Journal of Humanities & Social Science (ARJHSS) is a double blind peer reviewed, open access journal published by (ARJHSS).
The main objective of ARJHSS is to provide an intellectual platform for the international scholars. ARJHSS aims to promote interdisciplinary studies in Humanities & Social Science and become the leading journal in Humanities & Social Science in the world.
1) Women's empowerment programs aim to allow women to gain skills, confidence, and self-reliance by taking control over their own lives.
2) The Women's Empowerment Principles outline seven steps for businesses to promote gender equality, such as establishing corporate leadership for equality and ensuring nondiscrimination and rights for all workers.
3) Empowering women economically is essential for building strong economies, achieving development goals, and improving quality of life for all.
Case 4 space 2.2. presentation perdita sonntag_unv.pptxcase4space
The document discusses volunteerism and volunteer infrastructure in Asia Pacific. It defines volunteerism as unpaid activities that benefit the public good. Volunteering represents an important form of youth civic participation. Volunteer infrastructure includes the systems and mechanisms needed to support volunteerism. Volunteer infrastructure in Asia Pacific is diverse and growing, encompassing policy frameworks, civil society networks, and informal volunteering. However, there is limited region-specific data on its impact. Challenges include recognition, engaging youth, research, and matching needs with demand. Opportunities exist in further research and supporting diverse volunteer infrastructure models.
This manual was developed to equip young people with a better understanding of the peculiar issues faced by young women and girls, how gender constructs and gender inequality has contributed to this, and how young people can advocate for more equitable societies and gender just communities and institutions. Young people will also be equipped to develop change pathways for tackling gender discrimination including applying a gender analysis in all their advocacy initiatives and leveraging movements and collective efforts for gender justice.
Nigeria’s first National Youth Policy1 (NYP), the framework that guides all matters related to youth development in Nigeria, was first formulated in 1989. This was followed up with a new National Youth Policy under a democratic dispensation in 2001 by the Federal Ministry of Youth and Sports. The 2001 NYP made provision for a review every 5 years. A revised one was developed and adopted by the Federal Ministry of Youth Development in 2009. In 2016, the Federal Ministry of Youths and Sports Development (FMYSD) — the ministry responsible for youths in Nigeria — kick-started a review process that is two years late. Nevertheless, for such a document to be comprehensive, it is important that Nigerian youths, for whom the policy was originally designed, are part of the process.
arab youth civic engagement & economic participation Jamaity
This document discusses youth challenges in social transformations in the Arab region. It notes that Arab countries have a large youth population, with around 25% of the population between ages 15-24. While this "youth bulge" was previously seen negatively, recent research views youth as assets rather than problems. The Arab Spring demonstrated that youth can be powerful agents of change. However, many Arab youth face inequities like poverty, illiteracy, unemployment and lack of education opportunities. They also lack a sense of dignity and social justice. These experiences with injustice can encourage civic engagement and participation. The document defines different levels of youth participation, from non-participation to tokenism to authentic engagement. For youth to truly drive change, activities
The focus of this Issue Brief is to explore to what extent youth volunteerism
contributes to the economic empowerment of young people in Asia and the
Pacific, due to the skills which may have been developed during volunteering.
The Brief is a result of a desk study on volunteering and youth unemployment and
underemployment throughout the region, accompanied by a number of interviews
with current and former volunteers.
The Issue Brief first breaks down the challenges of youth unemployment,
underemployment and informality in Asia and Pacific, as well as rapidly changing
skill requirements, which are barriers for young people entering the labor market.
The Brief moves on to discuss the various forms of volunteering in the region, as well
as the skills volunteers may develop during volunteering. The last section explores
which of those skills are relevant to employability and labor market access for young
people and discovers the benefits of volunteering for youth entrepreneurship.
A number of recommendations are made on employability including but not limited
to the importance of skill needs anticipation and skills development relevant for
labor market access and entrepreneurship, followed by recommendations for
volunteer serving organizations and volunteers themselves. These include, for
example, to design volunteer programmes to empower women and expose them to
new work environments and for volunteers to volunteer more strategically to expand
social capital and networks, which are crucial for finding employment in markets
dominated by informality
The document discusses gender equality and women's empowerment. It defines gender equality as equal representation, power and opportunities for men and women. Women's empowerment involves increasing women's sense of self-worth and control over resources/decision-making. While related, gender equality and women's empowerment are separate concepts. Achieving both is important for development goals and smart economics, as empowered women contribute more to their families and communities. However, gender gaps persist globally in areas like education, health, safety, and political representation. Targeting gender equality and empowerment benefits everyone.
youth, revolt, recognition the young generation during and after the “arab sp...Jamaity
This document summarizes Carolina Silveira's paper on youth as political actors in post-Arab Spring Tunisia. It discusses how youth are defined in Tunisia demographically, with 40% of the population under 25 years old. High youth unemployment, especially for educated youth, was a major factor driving the revolution. Since the revolution, most Tunisian youth still do not feel represented by politicians and many have become disengaged from voting due to distrust in the political system. Very few youth are directly involved in traditional politics as members of the National Constituent Assembly.
Youth councils an effective way to promote youth participationDr Lendy Spires
This document discusses youth councils and their effectiveness in promoting youth participation. It provides 6 case studies of youth councils operating at local, national, regional, and international levels in Africa. The case studies illustrate different types of youth councils based on their focus, structure, and roles. Effective youth councils are found to have clearly defined purposes and roles, engage youth in meaningful decision-making, and provide skills development opportunities for participating youth. They can positively impact youth participants through increased confidence and skills, as well as broader communities through advocacy and projects.
The Union Cabinet approved the introduction of the National Youth Policy-2014 to replace the 2003 version. The new policy aims to empower India's youth to achieve their full potential and help India's standing globally. It identifies five objectives and 11 priority areas for youth such as education, skills, health, sports, and civic engagement. The policy seeks to develop educated, healthy and productive young citizens through cooperation across government and non-government groups. It will provide a framework to harness India's youth demographic opportunity and address the needs of the country's 33 crore 15-29 year olds.
Case 4 space 1.2. presentation heike alefsen_undg.pptxcase4space
This document discusses civic/civil society space in Asia and the Pacific. It defines civic space and outlines key policy frameworks supporting it, including the UN Sustainable Development Goals. While civil society has grown and contributed to development gains, civic space is under threat in most Asian countries. Restrictive laws and policies have limited freedoms of assembly, association, and access to information and funding. Human rights defenders, especially women and youth, face risks including killings. The document examines drivers narrowing civic space and UN recommendations to protect and expand it through engagement, legal reforms, monitoring, and support.
Talking points for the high level youth policy dialogue on sustainable develo...Dr Lendy Spires
The document discusses inequalities faced by young people, particularly young women, in Africa. It notes that over 70% of Africa's youth live on less than $2 per day, and unemployment rates for youth are much higher than for adults. Specific inequalities highlighted include lack of access to education, employment opportunities, financial resources, participation in governance, and benefits from extractive industries. The document proposes strategies for addressing these inequalities, such as ensuring youth participation in development processes, promoting women's financial inclusion, implementing gender-responsive policies, and engaging the private sector and men/boys to change social norms.
The document discusses youth participation in development in Indonesia. It notes that Indonesia has a large youth population, with 33% under age 35, presenting an opportunity for development. However, many youth are unable to fully participate due to issues like limited education, health care, poverty, and unemployment. The document recommends investing in youth through education, life skills training, and health services to foster youth leadership and empowerment. It also stresses the importance of meaningful youth participation in decision-making to develop policies that meet their needs and ensure youth can help shape their own future.
The Sustainable Development Goals—officially known as "Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development"—are an intergovernmental set of 17 aspirational goals and 169 targets that now apply to all countries. SDG 4 (quality education) and SDG 8 (decent work and economic growth) seek to address primary concerns of youth. Elsewhere, it stands to reason that engaging, energizing, and empowering youth can make them integral part of the solutions we all need.
The cover of Mongolia Human Development Report 2016,Mr Nyak
the sixth
national Human Development Report of the country, reflects the
core message of the report: including youth is essential to the future
development of Mongolia. Behind the individuals on the cover, a ger,
a traditional Mongolian tent dwelling, mirrors figure 7.1 in the report,
which shows that human development–focused youth policy is built
upon four thematic pillars. In the cover version, the foundation and
walls of the ger are being supported by youth, who represent various
groups in Mongolian society. A burst of 17 spectral prism colours shine
out from the ger, reminding us of the 17 Sustainable Development
Goals. The background orange is the colour associated with
Sustainable Development Goal 9, which highlights the need to build
resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster
innovation for the benefit of human development, which, in our case,
refers to the human development of Mongolian youth.
This document provides a summary of the 2005 World Youth Report published by the United Nations. It discusses key topics related to youth worldwide such as poverty, education, employment, health, participation, and armed conflict. Some of the main points covered include:
- Nearly half of the global population is under 25 years old, with 1.2 billion young people currently living in poverty, unemployed, or illiterate.
- The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) relate directly to issues impacting youth well-being such as poverty, education, and health. Progress on the MDGs is critical for both current and future generations of young people.
- The report is divided into three parts covering youth in the
This document provides a summary of the 2005 World Youth Report published by the United Nations. It discusses key topics related to youth worldwide such as poverty, education, employment, health, and conflict. Some of the main points covered include:
- Nearly half of the world's population is under 25 years old, with 1.2 billion young people currently living in poverty, unemployed, or illiterate.
- The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) adopted by the UN relate directly to issues impacting youth well-being such as poverty, education, and health. Progress on the MDGs is critical for both today's youth and future generations.
- The report is divided into three parts covering Youth in
The year 2005 marks ten years since the General Assembly adopted the World Programme of Action for Youth in 1995. This report, an official report to the General Assembly, called for a renewed commitment to the goals of the World Programme of Action, since over 200 million youth were living in poverty, 130 million youth were illiterate, 88 million were unemployed and 10 million young people were living with HIV/AIDS. In the World Youth Report 2005, it is argued that too often, youth policy is driven by negative stereotypes of young people, including delinquency, drug abuse and violence. What seems to be forgotten is that young people are a positive force for development, peace, and democracy.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
This document discusses constraints to youth empowerment and national development in Nigeria. It identifies several key constraints facing Nigerian youth: lack of quality education, limited youth participation in research and data collection, high unemployment and underemployment rates, widespread poverty, the HIV/AIDS pandemic, discrimination against girls, and a digital divide. These constraints have hindered Nigerian youth from meaningfully contributing to national development and created conditions that can lead youth to engage in deviant behaviors. For Nigeria to achieve stability and development, it is critical that these obstacles facing youth are addressed and their potential is harnessed.
Youth participation, unemployment and poverty in a democratic nigeria towards...Alexander Decker
This document discusses youth participation, unemployment, and poverty in Nigeria and their impact on national security and economic development. It notes that while Nigeria has abundant resources, many youth live in poverty due to unemployment and underemployment. It argues that lack of youth participation and their unemployment and poverty are due to corruption in the Nigerian state and a lack of prioritizing youth issues. The document concludes that addressing youth unemployment and empowering youth must be a priority to achieve sustainable national security and economic development.
This document profiles several young Indonesian leaders working in different areas of sustainable development, including environmental sustainability. One profiled youth is Andika Putraditama, a research analyst advocating for sustainability through science. He believes Indonesian youth need to be aware of the major environmental and sustainability challenges they will face in the next 20-30 years. As a research analyst, he uses data and science to advocate for better preparation and policies to mitigate these challenges. The document highlights other young people making contributions in areas like environmental activism, green entrepreneurship, and community empowerment.
There is no simple way to solving the African youth question. This book seeks to make a simple but no ordinary call on all stakeholders to take steps and help solve the youth question across the continent. This is a call, which does not require guns and machetes, but intellectual and moral weapons without which lasting results can never be secured. One other important issue worth mentioning, if even in passing, is the slur of ghettoes. Ghettoes have been known to provide safe havens for criminals and traps for the vulnerable youth especially the homeless, poverty stricken and those from hot spots. Ghettoes do not only provide fertile grounds for criminals, they also provide them with the opportunity to recruit vulnerable youth to their fold. There is no doubt that, policies have no legs to walk on into reality. The traditional track for their movement into reality is through programmes deliberately designed and religiously adhered to. On the other hand, institutions implement programmes. Thus the stronger, effective and resourceful an institution is, the better the programmes are implemented and consequently the effectiveness of the policy in the lives of the intended target. The media, with its reach, the ability to set agenda, and its 'god' status in the eyes of society should attempt to educate the youth on family values to the society. Debates could be generated on the essence of the family unit among others to psyche society up by highlighting the inherent beauty of the family system. The time has come for chieftaincy institution, to reassert its traditional duties to the youth and society. This is a call for grassroot education where chiefs and sub-chiefs would engage their societies in meaningful 'Nim-tree' and Baobab-tree discussions to establish codes and reinstate the position of the family in the society and more importantly to the youth. Two critical programmes, which could provide substantive and long-term opportunities to the youth, should centre on Incubation Centres and National Employment Programme. Traditionally, incubation centres give office space and technical advice in the early years of start-ups with the capacity, by design, to support any area of entrepreneurial direction government policies indicates. The high level of expertise required to successfully manage a business, coupled with the cost of rent, makes it necessary for the government, either singularly or in partnership, to support the culture of the business incubation centres. These incubation centres should be established with the core goal of providing the necessary technical support and protection for young entrepreneurs during the critical early stages of their businesses. As a matter of national priority, African leaders need to build and empower youth entrepreneurs. The issue of job centres with an online option would enhance the job search and security of the youth. That is to say, the government should establish job centres on campuses....
This document discusses youth movements and their role in advocating for sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) in the post-2015 development agenda. It notes that while youth networks have expanded globally over the past 40 years, young people still face many barriers to realizing their SRHR, especially young women. It argues that youth movements must play an integral role in decision-making on relevant policies and programs. Additionally, it states that more sustainable support is needed for young people's leadership development from women's organizations, rather than just one-time workshops.
Remarks by Mr. Sha Zukang, Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs, Secretary-General of The 2012 UN Conference on Sustainable Development
United Nations General Assembly defins youth as between the ages of 15−24
Considering a broader range of socio-cultural and contextual issues, the UNDP,s youth definition is more flexible aligned to local realities and focuses
principally on young women and men ages 15−24,
but also extends to include young men and women ranging from ages 25−30 (and even beyond through age 35)
II . SITUATION ANALYSIS:TH E DEVELOPMENT CHALL ENGES
Today’s Success in addressing today’s multiple development challenges will depend on finding ways to
fight poverty inequality and discrimination,
deepen inclusion, and
reduce conflict
Without compromising human rights or inflicting irreversible damage on environmental systems.
A. Youth within an in
This document is a toolkit for young people who want to influence global governance processes related to the post-2015 development agenda. It provides information on key terms, the history of negotiations so far, and how youth voices can be included. The toolkit explains that the Sustainable Development Goals may include a goal on governance but it does not sufficiently address the need for youth participation. It encourages young advocates to ask their governments to ensure the final goals define a clear role for youth in decision-making. The Accountability and Governance Task Team is a network of young people working to champion youth voices in governance aspects of developing and implementing the SDGs.
This document summarizes the Egypt Human Development Report 2010, which focuses on youth in Egypt. Some key points:
- Youth are defined as ages 18-29, around 20 million people or 1/4 of Egypt's population.
- Egypt faces a youth bulge but opportunities are less promising than previous generations due to issues like unemployment, education mismatches, and population growth.
- The report examines opportunities and constraints facing youth using a human development framework, looking at education, health, gender, poverty, employment, and civic participation.
- It identifies the most pressing youth issues to formulate a vision for youth based on equity, opportunity and participation in development.
População e Desenvolvimento na Agenda do Cairo: balanço e desafiosAlice Junqueira
Texto para a Edição 13 da publicação Watchdog Youth Coalition (Abril de 2014)
[POR]
A Youth Coalition é uma organização internacional de jovens (de 18 a 29 anos) comprometida com a promoção dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos de adolescentes e jovens nos níveis nacional, regional e internacional. Somos estudantes, pesquisadores, advogados, profissionais de saúde, educadores, agentes de desenvolvimento e, o mais importante, somos todos ativistas dedicados.
[ENG]
Youth Coalition is an international organization of young people (ages 18-29 years) committed to promoting adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive rights at the national, regional and international levels. We are students, researchers, lawyers, health care professionals, educators, development workers, and most importantly, we are all dedicated activists.
http://www.youthcoalition.org/
This document discusses youth involvement in policy processes in sub-Saharan Africa. It begins by providing context on youth populations and high youth unemployment rates in the region. It then discusses the argument that developmental policies need to cater to youth needs given their potential for instability if left marginalized. The document reviews definitions of youth and examines youth policy and participation in policy processes. It aims to assess the extent and roles of youth involvement, though notes limited data specifically regarding agricultural policy processes.
This document presents a Theory of Change (ToC) for supporting youth participation and leadership in creating positive social change. The ToC was developed through workshops with young people, Oxfam staff, partners, and communities. It identifies three pathways for enabling youth active citizenship: 1) young people participating in community decision-making, 2) young people organizing collective action, and 3) participating in formal institutions. It also outlines factors like empowerment, enabling environments, and strategic alliances that are needed across all pathways to achieve transformational social change. The goal of the ToC is to guide organizations like Oxfam in strategically supporting youth inclusion and collective impact.
This document presents a Theory of Change (ToC) for supporting youth participation and leadership in creating positive social change. The ToC identifies three pathways for enabling youth active citizenship: 1) Young people participating in decision-making in their communities, 2) Young people organizing and taking collective action, and 3) Young people participating in formal decision-making in institutions. It also discusses underlying factors like internal empowerment and enabling environments that must exist across all pathways. The goal of the ToC is to help organizations like Oxfam strategically support youth participation at different levels in order to achieve broader societal transformation.
Similar to Need of youth parliament a new public & advisory management (20)
United Nations World Oceans Day 2024; June 8th " Awaken new dephts".Christina Parmionova
The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
About Potato, The scientific name of the plant is Solanum tuberosum (L).Christina Parmionova
The potato is a starchy root vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world. Potatoes are tubers of the plant Solanum tuberosum, a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Wild potato species can be found from the southern United States to southern Chile
Synopsis (short abstract) In December 2023, the UN General Assembly proclaimed 30 May as the International Day of Potato.
Donate to charity during this holiday seasonSERUDS INDIA
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Food safety, prepare for the unexpected - So what can be done in order to be ready to address food safety, food Consumers, food producers and manufacturers, food transporters, food businesses, food retailers can ...
UN WOD 2024 will take us on a journey of discovery through the ocean's vastness, tapping into the wisdom and expertise of global policy-makers, scientists, managers, thought leaders, and artists to awaken new depths of understanding, compassion, collaboration and commitment for the ocean and all it sustains. The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
This report explores the significance of border towns and spaces for strengthening responses to young people on the move. In particular it explores the linkages of young people to local service centres with the aim of further developing service, protection, and support strategies for migrant children in border areas across the region. The report is based on a small-scale fieldwork study in the border towns of Chipata and Katete in Zambia conducted in July 2023. Border towns and spaces provide a rich source of information about issues related to the informal or irregular movement of young people across borders, including smuggling and trafficking. They can help build a picture of the nature and scope of the type of movement young migrants undertake and also the forms of protection available to them. Border towns and spaces also provide a lens through which we can better understand the vulnerabilities of young people on the move and, critically, the strategies they use to navigate challenges and access support.
The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
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2024: The FAR - Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 40
Need of youth parliament a new public & advisory management
1. International conference on “Recent Developments & Emerging Trends in
Management Research & Information Science”
29th
& 30th
November 2016
Need of youth parliament in India: A new public & advisory management
perspective
Naveen B R
Department of Management Studies, Indian Institute of Science
Abstract
Management is an inclusive part of a parliament, a public representative institution which involves
comprehensive and complex management which requires a holistic approach. India is a democratic
country with more than one billion population with majority of them are youth. Parliament with
bicameral nature is the political and management body of the India which governs the country.
Youth being a major population in the country but enough opportunities are not given for them in
the decision making system. Though India is a democratic country and being one of the young
country in the world, but very less youth representation is there in the parliament. People
representatives being public managers, they have larger avenue and greater responsibility to have
inclusive representation from all the sections of the society for effective decision making. This
paper aims to explore the opportunities and need of the youth parliament in India at least as the
advisory body for better public management by getting to know needs and aspirations of youth
adequately. This paper is primarily a conceptual and observational which is based on author’s
review of national youth policy, 2014, global youth development index and development, 2016,
publications and extensive interactions with public leaders, young people and from experience.
Limitation is that this paper is a theoretical and overlooked the complexities involved in
establishing such institution.
2. Introduction
Today world is home to more young people than ever before with 1.8 billion people between the
ages of 15 and 29. Around 87 per cent of them live in developing countries. Young people make
up approximately one quarter of humanity, but in many countries, especially in South Asia and
Africa, one in three people is a young person. Demographic trends and projections make it clear
that the proportion of young people in the global population is declining and it is predicted to fall
below 20 per cent by 2075. The next few decades, therefore, are an unprecedented window of
opportunity for the world, and developing countries in particular, to reap the promise of this
‘demographic dividend’ (Global youth development index & report, 2016).
According to global youth development report, definitions of youth are more contextual,
dependent as much on formal nomenclatures as on informal factors such as culture, tradition and
socio-economic conditions in a country or community. In simple terms, youth is a period of
transition during which children and adolescents gradually come to be recognized as adults (Global
youth development index & report, 2016).
In the Indian National Youth Policy-2003, ‘youth’ was defined a person of age between 13-35
years, but in the current Policy Document, the youth age-group is defined as 15-29 years with a
view to have a more focused approach, as far as various policy interventions are concerned.
According to Dr. Joseph Muscat (Chair-in-office of Common wealth), “Young people see what is
around them in a fresh light and itch to improve what is their inheritance – they are bubbly and
full of inspiring ideas, and they have a strong voice and the ability to make a huge difference
worldwide. It is therefore important that young people are empowered and given the opportunity
to reach their full potential. Such a goal can only be achieved through investing in their skills,
harnessing their energy, encouraging their ambitions, and providing opportunities to further their
education and participation in their local – and by default often the global economy”. According
to Rt. Hon Patricia (Secretary-General of the commonwealth), “the healthier and more skilled our
youth are, and the more they play a recognized role in our societies, the more opportunities and
freedom they will have to fulfil their aspirations and talents, and the more likely it becomes that
we will succeed in achieving the SDGs by 2030”.
In September 2015, the UN General Assembly adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development, which provides the overarching framework for global development between now
and 2030. Although the 17 Sustainable Development Goals do not specifically mention young
people, the needs and role of youth are addressed in some of the targets and indicators that underpin
the SDGs, and the Agenda includes a commitment to ‘the full realization of [young people’s] rights
and capabilities, helping our countries to reap the demographic dividend’. The hopes of building
a world that is more prosperous, equitable, inclusive and peaceful rest on the shoulders of young
people, not least because of their sheer numbers (Global youth development index & report, 2016).
3. Young people everywhere are also proving at every opportunity their capacity to be champions,
agents and partners in fostering all-round development at local, national and international levels.
From countering climate change to peace-building, from strengthening human rights to tackling
inequality, it is often young people who are showing the way with their innovative ideas and
modern approaches. The world has an unprecedented opportunity today to lay the foundations of
a better future for young people. Governments have the obligation to recognize the barriers to
youth development, overcome them with policies and programmes that have young people at their
heart, and help promote progressive youth development. This last objective should be based on an
understanding of youth development that not only recognizes the agency of the individual but also
emphasizes the structures and contexts in which young lives take shape (Global youth development
index & report, 2016). It is universally acknowledged that young people represent promise. Yet
surprisingly little is known about the current state of affairs in youth development. Measuring
progress on youth development continues to be a challenge, even though its importance is widely
recognised (Global youth development index & report, 2016).
At a global level, youth-related issues have never been as high a priority as they are currently. The
role of the UN Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth was created in 2013. 190 countries have a
national authority responsible for young people and youth summits – such as the UN ECOSOC
and UNESCO Youth Forums, the Commonwealth Youth Forum, and the World Youth Conference
– have become influential platforms on the international stage. These efforts build on longstanding
international youth policy frameworks such as the UN World Programme of Action for Youth
(WPAY) and the Commonwealth Plan of Action for Youth Empowerment (PAYE). Against this
backdrop, key UN agencies have developed strategies to guide their work with young people. The
UNDP Youth Strategy and the UN Population Fund (UNFPA) Strategy on Adolescents and Youth
lay out their priorities in youth development, including increased economic empowerment, civic
engagement and participation, resilience-building, sexual and reproductive health, and a special
focus on marginalized and disadvantaged youth, especially girls.
The world’s parliaments is not a place for young people. According to the Inter-Parliamentary
Union, of the 45,000 members of national legislatures in the world, only 1.9 per cent are below
the age of 30. If the definition of ‘young’ is relaxed to include everyone below the age of 40, the
proportion of young law-makers rises to 14.2 per cent. Nearly one-third of ‘lower chambers’ of
parliament and close to 80 per cent of ‘upper chambers’ surveyed do not have a single member of
parliament below the age of 30. In only four countries – Sweden, Ecuador, Finland and Norway –
do people below the age of 30 add up to at least 10 per cent of the total number of lawmakers in
the country. Except Ecuador, the other three countries are among the 30 highest-ranked countries
in the YDI. Of the world’s young MPs who are below the age of 30, only two-fifths are female as
per Inter-Parliamentary Union 2016 (Global youth development index & report, 2016).
Young people’s involvement in protests and campaigns are a testament to the fact that they are as
socially conscious and politically active today as they have ever been. The big difference today is
that they are more willing to bypass formal structures in order to instigate meaningful social
4. change. Young people’s engagement with politics is a complex phenomenon and is affected by a
range of social, economic and political variables. At a global level, youth political participation
does not fit one single pattern but some trends can be discerned from available data and research.
While the indicators in the 2016 YDI reflect an improvement in the enabling environment for youth
political participation, young people themselves tend to be less engaged with formal modes of
participation. For example, there is ample evidence to suggest that they are less likely to vote than
older people. Consciously or not, many young people are abstaining from voting and also opting
out of other formal modes of political participation such as joining political parties or standing for
public office
Explanations that lay more emphasis on the wider political and economic context cite a lack of
political education or awareness, structural and generational shifts, and skepticism about
traditional political processes and institutions as some of the factors contributing to youth
disengagement in formal politics. Some commentators have argued that young people are not well
informed about citizenship, political processes and democracy. This perhaps holds especially true
in developing countries where lack of access to information and knowledge can dampen youth
participation. There is overwhelming evidence to suggest that young people want to participate in
politics but found the existing political culture, institutions and mechanisms ineffective or
unwelcoming. Young people are disenchanted with formal politics because it is unresponsive to
their needs and interests. Young people’s relative lack of interest in the formal political process
partly reflects their skepticism about the ability or will of governments and politicians to create a
supportive environment for young people. There is also a widespread perception among the young
that elected politicians tend to pay more attention to older citizens, who are more influential and
more likely to vote.
Table gives the age definition for ‘youth’ of various international organizations: source GYDI
report, 2016
5. To empower youth of the country to achieve their full potential and through them enable India to
find its rightful place in the community of nations. NYP-2014 provides a holistic Vision for the
youth of India which is “to empower the youth of the country to achieve their full potential, and
through them enable India to find its rightful place in the community of nations”. In order to
achieve this Vision, all stakeholders must work towards meeting 5 key objectives. This requires
specific action in one or more of 11 priority areas, identified as important for youth development.
Create a productive workforce, Education, Entrepreneurship, Employment and skill development,
Develop a strong and health generation, Health and healthy lifestyle, Sports, Instill social values
and promote community service, Promotion of social values, community engagement, Facilitate
participation and civic engagement, Participation in Politics & Governance, Youth Engagement,
support youth at risk & create equitable opportunity for all inclusion, Social Justice.
Source: NYP 2014
The national youth policy (2014) states that targeted expenditure on youth of INR 370 billion
(USD 6.16 billion) is supplemented by INR 550 billion (USD 9.17 billion) spent on youth in other
schemes. Together this equals outlays of INR 2,710 (USD 45) per young person in 2010-2011
through youth-targeted (higher education, skill development, healthcare etc.) and non-targeted
(food subsidies, employment etc.) programmes. In addition, the State Governments and a number
of other stakeholders are also working to support youth development and to enable productive
youth participation. According to the 12 Five-Year-Plan Vol. I (2013) the Budget of the Ministry
of Youth and Sports declined by 15.1% between 2007-2012 and 2012-2017. According to the
World Bank, India spent 11.02% of its government expenditure and 3.17% of its GDP on education
provision in 2011.
Of the targeted expenditure of Rs.37,000 Crores, more than 80% of the funds are allocated towards
education through the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) and Ministry of Social
Justice and Empowerment (MoSJE). The expenditure is primarily through grants to various
government schools and universities and direct cash benefits to students in the form of scholarships
and fellowships for both secondary and higher education. Further, there are programmes targeting
youth in the areas of skill development, employment, health and engagement.
6. Of the non-targeted spend, food subsidies, employment programmes like MGNREGA, health
programmes related to infrastructure development, disease control and family welfare constitute a
significant share. Other Ministries with schemes providing direct benefit to youth through some of
their schemes are Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of
Labour and Employment (MLE), Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) and Ministry of Rural
Development (MoRD). This totals a per capita spending on youth of about Rs 2,710 of which Rs
1,100 is targeted spending.
Source: NYP, 2014
MoYAS currently runs several schemes to enable youth to engage with their community, as well
as to participate in grassroots development. Some of these schemes are NYKS, NYPAD and the
NSS. These schemes target varying youth segments, and have different models of participation. In
addition to MoYAS schemes, there are a range of other government schemes like the Bharat
Nirman Volunteers (BNV) programme of Ministry of Rural Development. BNVs are dedicated
volunteers working in rural areas for generating awareness among the people about their rights
and entitlements. Similarly, the positions of community workers created under NRLM provide
opportunity to such workers to get intensely involved in the development programmes, besides
being avenues of substantial income to them. Leadership and personal development is often a
byproduct of other youth schemes such as NYKS, NSS and NCC. These skills are also imparted
in varying measures through the education curriculum in schools and colleges. While there are a
few programmes of varying success that support holistic development of youth, structured
programmes that help the GoI engage with youth are absent. There are some unstructured
interactions between policy makers and young Indians in forums such as educational institutions.
However, there are no systematic channels for engagement between the government and young
7. citizens and no mechanisms for youth to provide inputs to government. The Election Commission
runs outreach programmes to get young voters to register and vote in elections, thereby supporting
and promoting youth participation in politics and democracy. The Rajiv Gandhi National Institute
of Youth Development (RGNIYD) also provides training and capacity building for members of
various youth related organisations. GoI has decided to convert RGNIYD into an Institute of
National Importance and this is currently under implementation. MoYAS is also in the process of
setting up a Youth Development Fund which would help channelize private sector contributions
under CSR for GoI’s youth development efforts. This gap has in part been filled by some
organisations that provide analysis and commentary on public policy issues.
Below is the political demography of Indian parliament
Source: prsindia.org
As per the age profile of members of 16th
Lok Sabha, share of youth members is comparatively
very less. The greater share comes to members falling under 41-55 years followed by 56- 70 years.
Source: prsindia.org
Age profile of MPs from 1st
to 16th
Lok Sabha indicates that there is a reduction of youth population
in Lok Sabha from 25% to 12%. Major share is taken by above 50 years.
8. All through history, youth have been the harbingers of change – from winning independence for
nations, to creating new technologies that upset the status quo, to new forms of art, music and
culture. Supporting and promoting the development of India’s youth must be one of the foremost
priorities, across all sectors and stakeholders, of this nation. Youth is a more fluid category than a
fixed age-group. ‘Youth’ is often indicated as a person between the age where he/she leaves
compulsory education, and the age at which he/she finds his/ her first employment. Often, Youth
age-group is defined differently by different countries/ agencies and by same agency in different
contexts. United Nations defines ‘youth’ as persons between 15 and 24 years of age.
India’s rank in global youth development index and report 2016 is 133 among 183 countries it
clearly indicates that India is far behind in the youth development though it is fastest growing
economy.
Source: YDI report, 2016
Youth in the age group of 15-29 years comprise 27.5% of the population. India is expected to
become the 4th largest economy by 2025, contributing about 5.5%-6% to the world GDP, only
after the United States, China and Japan. While most of these countries face the risk of an ageing
workforce, India is expected to have a very favorable demographic profile. The population of India
is expected to exceed 1.3 billion by 2020 with a median age of 28 which is considerably less than
the expected median ages of China and Japan. The working population of India, is expected to
increase to 592 million by 2020, next only to China (776 million), pointing to the fact that youth
will make a significant contribution to the economic development of the country. This
‘demographic dividend’ offers a great opportunity to India.
According to the national youth policy (2014), youth organizations in India are “fragmented, and
there is little coordination between the various stakeholders working on youth.” India is a member
of the Commonwealth Youth Council and though there are various national platforms and party
youth wings exist, NYP (2014) highlights “there are no systematic channels for engagement
between the government and young citizens and no mechanisms for youth to provide inputs to
government”. It is unclear that the country have a national youth organization / association
9. (council, platform, body). A key challenge is that there has been no systematic assessment to
understand the current status of the youth segment, the challenges they face and the inter-linkages
between these areas. Furthermore, there has been no concerted effort to identify the range of
stakeholders working on youth development, analyse the impact of their activities and determine
how these stakeholders can be aligned & leveraged to more effectively support the youth. An
overarching framework needs to be developed in order to align stakeholders and to provide
guidance on key issues.
The vision of NYP states that, “To empower youth of the country to achieve their full potential,
and through them enable India to find its rightful place in the community of nations”. In order to
create a productive youth workforce, it is essential that the youth of the country have access to the
right set of tools and opportunities to make a sustainable contribution. Youth of the country must
be encouraged to fulfil their duties as citizens and thus create an environment in which all citizens
enjoy the rights guaranteed in our Constitution. Governance requires an active citizenry, and given
that the youth in the age group of 15-29 years comprise 27.5% of the population, it is essential to
create mechanisms for youth participation in politics and governance. Youth are the future of the
nation and must be encouraged to participate in politics at local and national levels. They must be
provided the necessary training and tools to become effective policy makers and to be able to
execute government’s schemes and programmes.
Youth are the future of the nation, and in the years to come will become the leaders of the nation.
Hence, it is essential that the youth uphold social values and moral standards of highest order.
India is a diverse nation with respect to ethnicity, religion, language, caste and culture. Alongside
this diversity resides socio-economic disparity and extremism, which together have potential for
creating a divide in the society. Hence, it is imperative to instill a sense of harmony and
togetherness in individuals from a young age. It is also important to develop inner values like
compassion, kindness, sympathy and empathy. There is also a serious need to inculcate the spirit
of integrity and truthfulness in the youth. They must be encouraged to strive for excellence in all
spheres of individual and collective activity. Youth represent a large segment of the population
that can be mobilised for community service and development programmes. On one hand, by
participating in community service schemes, youth can contribute to grassroots development
efforts and help create progress in backward regions. At the same time, these initiatives help the
youth build their own skills, such as communication, leadership, inter-personal relationships and
develop a sense of moral responsibility and national ownership.
Given the youth comprise 27.5% of the population, it is critical that youth are represented & can
participate in politics at all levels. Youth participation and engagement on issues related to politics,
democracy, accountability and governance will help create an able generation of future leaders of
the country. An engaged citizenry will help build accountability and ensure better governance, and
can also facilitate the implementation of schemes. The youth can be leveraged as a resource to
monitor the implementation and promote accountability of welfare schemes and development
projects across the country. Though civil societies are working with governments through
10. partnerships to bridge these gaps but without a coordinated push and clear youth focus, these
programmes are unlikely to be sufficient to help bring youth into the folds of politics and promote
civic engagement at all levels of governance.
The future imperatives laid by NYP, 2014 are as follows:
Engage youth that are outside the political system because it is important to ensure that youth
participate in politics at all levels, from the grassroots to the national stage. There are several pull
and push factors that govern youth participation in politics. A detailed analysis of these is required
in order to create effective policies and programmes to enable youth participation in politics. Youth
perceptions of politics must be understood in order to create effective strategies to combat any
negative perceptions. Politics must be made attractive & appropriate reward systems must be
created to incentivize youth to enter politics. Barriers to entry, such as financial resources for
campaign activities, must be lowered. Improved channels of transition from student politics to
national politics must be developed.
It is important to build awareness on the importance of an active citizenry by making them aware
of the various channels available to them to engage with and question government agencies. Youth
monitoring and accountability creation in the areas of government expenditure and social welfare
schemes must be institutionalized. The youth should be involved in Gram Sabha / Mahila Sabha
meetings, for monitoring the implementing of programmes at village level.
The objective of GoI engagement with the youth is two-fold. First, GoI must engage with youth in
order to provide them with information and enable holistic youth development. Second, GoI must
engage with youth in order to get inputs on issues, policies and specific programmes, especially
those that directly impact youth. By engaging with the youth and by ensuring youth develop
leadership and other interpersonal skills, the GoI will help create a generation of individuals that
are committed to civic, social and political progress. Government should engage with all the youth
of the nation to provide them information and do a regular “pulse check”. Some ways this can be
undertaken include youth forums at various levels, an interactive online portal and wikipedia-style
forums.
Given that youth comprise 27.5% of the population and will play a crucial role in the progress and
development of the nation, supporting and enabling the youth must be made a priority in order to
help youth overcome the challenges they face and India to reap the benefits of its demographic
dividend. Mainstream youth issues in the development process. It is evident that the youth will
play a crucial role in the future development of the nation. Hence it is important that the issues
related to youth are mainstreamed and youth become a national priority. Leverage various
channels for effective youth engagement and participation. Political Participation as per global
development index and report involves existence of a national youth policy, existence of voter
education conducted nationally, voiced opinion to official. The Political Participation domain in
the YDI mainly seeks to convey whether the policy environment in a country supports youth
development and encourages participation of young people in decision making.
11. Government should engage with a representative cross-section of youth to get inputs on specific
policy issues. This can be done by conducting thematic workshops, putting out calls for policy
notes through ICT based channels, etc. Based on the issue, the government can identify
representative educational institutions, youth groups and other partners to create a channel to
engage with the youth. Also it should identify a sub-section of youth that it interacts with in a more
continuous & structured manner who can help support its programmes and activities. It should set
up a Youth Advisory Council of exceptional yet representative individuals. This council can
provide more detailed inputs to government on key policy issues, run programmes to mobilise
youth and engage more regularly with diverse segments of the youth.
From the analysis of global youth development and index report, 2016 and national youth policy
(NYP), 2014 it is evident that there is a real need of youth participation in politics and decision
making process. NYP 2014 also stresses need of a formal structure / institution which address the
real needs and aspirations of the youth of India. Youth parliament can act as a youth advisory
council to the government by keeping it updated about current trends and happenings in social,
economic, science and technological and environmental fields. So that India can be forefront
player in the globe by harnessing the potential of its demographic dividend in coming years.
Conclusion
The valuable features of Young people as per GYD report are:
A force for peace, democracy, equality and good governance
A catalyst for global consensus building
An essential resource for sustainable development and poverty eradication.
Despite a growing focus on youth participation in lower levels of governance, and a clear political
push to help more young people transition from student and youth politics to national politics;
there is very little coordinated action to promote youth engagement in politics and governance.
Furthermore, existing programmes such as those run by MoPR are focused on youth who are
already elected leaders or in some way associated with politics, rather than on bringing more youth
into political systems. Moreover, youths acquire all the necessary knowledge and skills in India
and when they become finished product they fly to foreign countries and deliver there. This kind
of brain drain is happening because of lack of opportunities in the country, lack of adequate
awareness in their sense of responsibility towards to country and not involving them in the main
stream of decision making process or system. Youth participation in civic and political affairs is
important in and of itself but also for the potential consequences that the involvement – or lack of
it – of young people in decision making may have. Intrinsically, the development of young people
is about providing them with the choices and capabilities necessary to build fulfilling lives. In
order to address the barriers that constrain their opportunities, it is necessary to involve young
people in decisions that directly or indirectly have an effect on their lives. The active involvement
of young people in decision making can improve the lives of individuals, provide better and more
12. accountable public services, strengthen democracy and civil society and create more peaceful and
tolerant nations.
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