This document presents a Theory of Change (ToC) for supporting youth participation and leadership in creating positive social change. The ToC identifies three pathways for enabling youth active citizenship: 1) Young people participating in decision-making in their communities, 2) Young people organizing and taking collective action, and 3) Young people participating in formal decision-making in institutions. It also discusses underlying factors like internal empowerment and enabling environments that must exist across all pathways. The goal of the ToC is to help organizations like Oxfam strategically support youth participation at different levels in order to achieve broader societal transformation.
3rd MenEngage Global Symposium Key Info for Supporters and OrganizersTomHornbrook
These slides summarize the full concept note for the 3rd MenEngage Global Symposium - available at www.menengage.org/kigalisymposium
MenEngage Alliance is a global alliance comprising dozens of country networks spread across many regions of the world, hundreds of non-governmental organizations as well as UN partners.
Together, we work to transform unequal power-relations and dismantle patriarchy through transforming masculinities and engaging men and boys to advance women’s rights and gender justice for all.
We have more than 700 member organisations across 70 countries worldwide organised in decentralized country and regional-level networks.
Youth Empowered Solutions (YES!) is a nonprofit organization that empowers youth to create community change. YES! implements the theory of youth empowerment through a three-pronged model focusing on skill development, critical awareness, and opportunities for youth. YES! trains youth and adults, and hires high school students as employees to advocate for policy change. YES! uses outcomes-based evaluation to show that youth develop empowerment skills and become long-term change agents. The organization empowers youth at the individual level while also functioning as an empowered organization that influences policy through youth participation in decision-making.
Contemporary approach to african feminism by Prof Tal EdgarsGBSH Consult Group
A number of years have passed since the first feminists based in Africa prioritised connections between gender, imperialism and race. Since these interventions, African feminist dialogues have become increasingly less concerned with critiquing western feminism and progressively more goal oriented and pro-active. Join GBSH Consult Group Executive Chairman H.E. Prof. Dr. Ambassador Tal Edgars as he discusses the contemporary approach to African Feminism.
Sara Minard- Umass Social Entrepreneurship Day 2015Erun Fernando
This document summarizes a presentation given by Dr. C. Sara Minard on valuing entrepreneurship in the informal economy of West Africa. The presentation compares theories of entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship to practices in the region. It discusses research questions around how informal entrepreneurs create social value while expanding business models. Case studies from Senegal show how social networks like Mouridism provide resources and opportunities for entrepreneurs. The presentation recommends taking a human-centered design approach and clarifying assumptions based on local contexts to better understand social entrepreneurship in developing areas.
This document summarizes the concept of empowerment and discusses women's economic empowerment. Empowerment has two dimensions: resources and agency. Resources include tangible assets like material goods and finances as well as intangible assets like skills and social networks. Agency refers to people's ability to define goals and act upon them. Empowerment requires action at multiple levels - individual, interpersonal, and through social and political change. While economic resources are important for empowering women, simply increasing access to resources may not be sufficient without also addressing agency and structural barriers at different levels of society.
Economic empowerment programmes and women participation in community developm...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the Empowerment Support Initiative (ESI) in Rivers State, Nigeria, which aims to empower women through various programs. The study examined the implementation of ESI programs, women's participation in the programs, and the impact on women's involvement in community development. The researcher conducted a survey of over 2,000 women involved with community groups. The results showed that the extent of implementation of ESI programs, women's participation in decision-making, and the influence of ESI on women's roles in their communities were all rated as very low. The document concludes that more needs to be done to improve ESI's effectiveness in achieving its goals of enhancing women's socioeconomic status and participation in
This document discusses women empowerment and communication. It defines women empowerment as developing the confidence, abilities, and skills of women to make informed decisions and participate in economic and political processes. Communication technologies can empower women by providing access to information, resources, and networking opportunities. When used creatively, communication technologies allow women to disseminate information, overcome isolation, access new markets, and engage in lifelong learning. Empowering women through communication is important for social progress and development.
The role of gender in enhancing the development agendaJack Onyisi Abebe
Gender and development is important because it focuses on connections between gender and development initiatives and feminists’ perspectives, and deals with issues such as health and education, decision making and leadership, peace building, violence against women and economic empowerment. Development cannot be realized without the very significant component of gender. Countries the world over have proved that exclusion of women in development has rendered their development efforts futile.
3rd MenEngage Global Symposium Key Info for Supporters and OrganizersTomHornbrook
These slides summarize the full concept note for the 3rd MenEngage Global Symposium - available at www.menengage.org/kigalisymposium
MenEngage Alliance is a global alliance comprising dozens of country networks spread across many regions of the world, hundreds of non-governmental organizations as well as UN partners.
Together, we work to transform unequal power-relations and dismantle patriarchy through transforming masculinities and engaging men and boys to advance women’s rights and gender justice for all.
We have more than 700 member organisations across 70 countries worldwide organised in decentralized country and regional-level networks.
Youth Empowered Solutions (YES!) is a nonprofit organization that empowers youth to create community change. YES! implements the theory of youth empowerment through a three-pronged model focusing on skill development, critical awareness, and opportunities for youth. YES! trains youth and adults, and hires high school students as employees to advocate for policy change. YES! uses outcomes-based evaluation to show that youth develop empowerment skills and become long-term change agents. The organization empowers youth at the individual level while also functioning as an empowered organization that influences policy through youth participation in decision-making.
Contemporary approach to african feminism by Prof Tal EdgarsGBSH Consult Group
A number of years have passed since the first feminists based in Africa prioritised connections between gender, imperialism and race. Since these interventions, African feminist dialogues have become increasingly less concerned with critiquing western feminism and progressively more goal oriented and pro-active. Join GBSH Consult Group Executive Chairman H.E. Prof. Dr. Ambassador Tal Edgars as he discusses the contemporary approach to African Feminism.
Sara Minard- Umass Social Entrepreneurship Day 2015Erun Fernando
This document summarizes a presentation given by Dr. C. Sara Minard on valuing entrepreneurship in the informal economy of West Africa. The presentation compares theories of entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship to practices in the region. It discusses research questions around how informal entrepreneurs create social value while expanding business models. Case studies from Senegal show how social networks like Mouridism provide resources and opportunities for entrepreneurs. The presentation recommends taking a human-centered design approach and clarifying assumptions based on local contexts to better understand social entrepreneurship in developing areas.
This document summarizes the concept of empowerment and discusses women's economic empowerment. Empowerment has two dimensions: resources and agency. Resources include tangible assets like material goods and finances as well as intangible assets like skills and social networks. Agency refers to people's ability to define goals and act upon them. Empowerment requires action at multiple levels - individual, interpersonal, and through social and political change. While economic resources are important for empowering women, simply increasing access to resources may not be sufficient without also addressing agency and structural barriers at different levels of society.
Economic empowerment programmes and women participation in community developm...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the Empowerment Support Initiative (ESI) in Rivers State, Nigeria, which aims to empower women through various programs. The study examined the implementation of ESI programs, women's participation in the programs, and the impact on women's involvement in community development. The researcher conducted a survey of over 2,000 women involved with community groups. The results showed that the extent of implementation of ESI programs, women's participation in decision-making, and the influence of ESI on women's roles in their communities were all rated as very low. The document concludes that more needs to be done to improve ESI's effectiveness in achieving its goals of enhancing women's socioeconomic status and participation in
This document discusses women empowerment and communication. It defines women empowerment as developing the confidence, abilities, and skills of women to make informed decisions and participate in economic and political processes. Communication technologies can empower women by providing access to information, resources, and networking opportunities. When used creatively, communication technologies allow women to disseminate information, overcome isolation, access new markets, and engage in lifelong learning. Empowering women through communication is important for social progress and development.
The role of gender in enhancing the development agendaJack Onyisi Abebe
Gender and development is important because it focuses on connections between gender and development initiatives and feminists’ perspectives, and deals with issues such as health and education, decision making and leadership, peace building, violence against women and economic empowerment. Development cannot be realized without the very significant component of gender. Countries the world over have proved that exclusion of women in development has rendered their development efforts futile.
Jamaica's democratic deficit: thoughts on citizenship and youth participationTaitu Heron
Looks at democracy in Jamaica and the level of participation among older politicians and younger entrants, issues of ageism and sexism. How are young persons engaged; what is value of citizenship engagment and democracy building? how can democracy remain viable if there is limited turn-over?
This document provides an overview of a doctoral seminar on "Gender Mainstreaming in Agriculture: Issues, Problems and Prospects". It includes an introduction to key concepts like gender, gender mainstreaming, and objectives. It discusses why mainstreaming gender in agriculture is important by addressing links to poverty and basic human rights. It also outlines the methodology, including a case study, and structure of the seminar covering introductions, literature reviews, research methodology, outcomes and conclusions.
“Study on Actors and Activities in the Area of ICT and Women Empowerment in I...AMU
The document discusses ICT (information and communication technologies) and its role in empowering women in India. It defines ICT and women's empowerment. ICT can be a powerful tool for perpetuating gender disparities if women's specific needs within their social contexts are not considered. Key ways ICT can empower women include increasing educational opportunities, ensuring gender perspectives in projects, and designing appropriate technologies. However, barriers to women's access and use of ICT in India include poverty, illiteracy, socio-cultural norms, early marriage, language barriers, and lack of ownership of devices. Both government and non-government organizations are working on initiatives to promote women's empowerment through ICT, but gaps remain between
This document provides a baseline report on equity and inclusion in Somerville, Massachusetts. It analyzes internal city data that shows racial disparities in city leadership positions, with 96% of department heads being white despite only 74% of the population being white. It also summarizes feedback from community conversations identifying priorities like addressing gentrification, diversifying city leadership, and creating inclusive housing. The report aims to establish Somerville's current status on equity issues and provide recommendations to advance equity across the community.
Evidence of gender inequality and bias is all around us. Workplace prejudice has been found to affect workers’ salaries and career progression. Fighting gender stereotypes and prejudice by employers makes good business sense and in many countries, it's a legal obligation. This study aimed at investigating three factors believed to influence gender equality at the workplace. These included culture, distribution of resources and interpersonal relations. Five select medium sized public and private sector organizations based in Meru County were investigated. Each select organization employed over 100 workers .A total of 102 ordinary workers were randomly selected to participate in the study. Interviews and questionnaires were used as the main data collection tools. The study observed that women are more discriminated at the workplace. Culture plays a key role in perpetuating gender imbalance at the workplace due to men being dominant while women have been subordinate in the society. Further, outdated beliefs and separate gender roles have been responsible for holding women back. On distribution of resources, women were found to be under-represented in major decision making organs in the organization and suffered unequal access to economic resources .However cases of pay based on gender were negligible. Regarding interpersonal relations, the study observed that cases of sexual harassment play a key role in advancing gender inequality. The study noted that gender inequality at the workplace was responsible for cases of hostile working atmosphere, worker conflicts, harassment of subordinates by superiors, low productivity and slow growth of the organization. Various solutions to gender discrimination were recommended by the study. These include enforcing affirmative action in areas where there exists high discrimination against one gender. Individual organizations should invest in education, sensitization and mentorship programs to champion gender equality. Further, the government should enact more laws to prohibit gender discrimination practices. Organizations need to develop internal policies that punish offenders of gender discrimination and enforce a policy of equal-pay-for –equal work.
Commissioned by the W.K. Kellogg Foundation and written by Matt Leighninger of the Deliberative Democracy Consortium, this paper reviews that conversation and extends an invitation to both deliberative democracy and dialogue practitioners and to community organizers to continue it. In doing so, it invites civic engagement practitioners from diverse schools of thought to raise and tackle tough, important questions; to deepen their mutual understanding of other practices and approaches, and of the values underlying and unifying their work; and to propose ideas for working together more effectively, and with greater impact.
The document discusses different theoretical frameworks related to women and development including WID, WAD, GAD, and WED. WID focuses on integrating women into development and includes approaches like welfare, equity, anti-poverty, efficiency, and empowerment. WAD emerged as a critique of WID and modernization theory, viewing women as important economic actors and focusing on relationships between women and development. GAD offers a holistic perspective and questions gender roles and patriarchy. It emphasizes women's agency and legal/policy reforms. WED examines links between environmental decline, patriarchy, and development planning. The document also distinguishes between practical and strategic gender needs/interests in development work.
The document discusses women's economic empowerment as key to building a strong nation. It outlines the National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women's (NCRFW) vision of making government work to promote gender equality and women's human rights. The NCRFW aims to mainstream gender across all levels and aspects of development planning through coordination, advocacy, and monitoring of policies, budgets and programs. It emphasizes women's economic empowerment through increased access to capital, skills training, and awareness of rights and opportunities.
ICT has made a huge contribution to women's empowerment. women living in remote and rural areas are also being benefitted by ICT and they are making their contribution to society-building and development of the country.
With the help of this powerpoint presentation, at the Workshop on Governance Assessment Methods and Applications of Governance Data in Policy-Making (June 2009), Ken Mease argued that governance assessments can be 1) a reporting tool that can track and communicate progress towards goals and/or outcomes; 2) a policy tool that can guide evidence-based planning and action to address issues identified as important by citizens and in existing political commitments, and finally 3) a tool that can strengthen democracy by engaging stakeholders through informed discussions.
Presentation by Prof. Dora Kostakopoulou (Warwick University) on the occasion of the EESC hearing on 'A more inclusive citizenship open to immigrants' - Brussels, 4 September 2013
Third Wave Foundation supports youth-led reproductive health and justice organizations through grants. In 2010, they supported organizations in 9 states and DC working on issues like abortion access, comprehensive sex education, LGBTQ rights, and developing young leaders. The groups used strategies like organizing, advocacy, community education, and developing healthy frameworks around gender, race and sexuality. Over half of the groups served youth of color and nearly half served transgender and gender non-conforming youth.
What is Gender...??? Describe in detail. Gender And Sex..??? written By Rizw...Rizwan Hussainy
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to gender mainstreaming and equality, including:
1. It defines important terms like gender, sex, gender discrimination, and the differences between equality and equity.
2. It explains the shift from Women in Development (WID) approaches to Gender and Development (GAD) approaches, which focus on unequal power relations rather than just integrating women.
3. It describes the concept of gender mainstreaming as making women's and men's concerns integral to policies and programs, and outlines some of the myths and challenges related to implementation.
4. It also discusses related topics like gender needs, women's empowerment, gender planning, gender analysis, and gender-responsive
Information Communication Technologies are not gendered biased.Its usage is equally effective for both males as well as females. its effectiveness and impact depend on how the person uses it. This particular ppt. tells its readers about the power of ICT and how women can use it for their empowerment while performing various roles which she performs during her life.
Gender mainstreaming and gender analysis in work addressing risk reduction: G...Oxfam GB
Understanding how gender relations shape women’s and men’s lives is critical to disaster risk reduction (DRR). This is because women’s and men’s different roles, responsibilities, and access to resources influence how each will be affected by different hazards, and how they will cope with and recover from disaster. This presentation contains help and advice on mainstreaming gender in DRR work. This presentation is part of Oxfam GB's Gender and disaster risk reduction training pack available at www.oxfam.org.uk/genderdrrpack.
The document discusses several gender analysis frameworks that can be used to assess how policies, programs, and projects differentially impact men and women. It describes frameworks like the Harvard Analytical Framework, Moser's triple roles framework, and Longwe's Women's Empowerment Framework. Each framework asks different questions to analyze factors like who does what work, who has access to and control over resources, and how interventions may affect gender roles, status, and responsibilities.
The document discusses the concept of gender mainstreaming. It began in 1985 at the Third World Conference on Women in Nairobi and was further developed by the United Nations. Gender mainstreaming aims to promote gender equality by assessing how policies, programs, and legislation will impact men and women. It seeks to make gender perspectives central to all activities from policy development to implementation. The goal is to address inequalities that discriminate against both sexes and ensure initiatives work to reduce gender inequality.
This document discusses strategies needed to transform care programs and ensure care responsibilities are shared more equitably. It highlights examples like Chile's childcare program, India's employment guarantee requiring childcare, and addressing unpaid care work as a human rights issue. It also discusses the importance of engaging men and boys through programs that aim to achieve more gender-equal relationships and increase men's involvement in childcare and domestic work. Specific programs mentioned include MenCare and Program P, which work with communities and institutions to promote gender-equal caregiving attitudes and norms at multiple levels.
Theorising the relationship between television programmes and promotion of en...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study that examined the relationship between television programs and the promotion of entrepreneurial culture among university students in Kenya. The study found a significant positive relationship, indicating that TV programs can help promote entrepreneurial culture in Kenya. Some key points:
- The study used a sample of 320 final year university students from 10 public and private universities in Nairobi, Kenya.
- A survey questionnaire was used to collect data on the relationship between different types of TV programs (news, reality shows, documentaries, talk shows, interviews) and entrepreneurial culture.
- A significant positive relationship was found between aggregate TV programs and the promotion of entrepreneurial culture in Kenya.
Core principles for engaging young people in community changeDr Lendy Spires
This document outlines core principles for engaging young people in community change. It discusses how few organizations have the primary focus of engaging youth as catalysts for community improvement. The principles emerged from combining research and practice experience. They are designed to help organizations and communities build capacity to ensure youth believe they can make their communities better places. The principles promote meaningful youth involvement and moving ideas into impact through youth-supported change.
This manual was developed to equip young people with a better understanding of the peculiar issues faced by young women and girls, how gender constructs and gender inequality has contributed to this, and how young people can advocate for more equitable societies and gender just communities and institutions. Young people will also be equipped to develop change pathways for tackling gender discrimination including applying a gender analysis in all their advocacy initiatives and leveraging movements and collective efforts for gender justice.
Jamaica's democratic deficit: thoughts on citizenship and youth participationTaitu Heron
Looks at democracy in Jamaica and the level of participation among older politicians and younger entrants, issues of ageism and sexism. How are young persons engaged; what is value of citizenship engagment and democracy building? how can democracy remain viable if there is limited turn-over?
This document provides an overview of a doctoral seminar on "Gender Mainstreaming in Agriculture: Issues, Problems and Prospects". It includes an introduction to key concepts like gender, gender mainstreaming, and objectives. It discusses why mainstreaming gender in agriculture is important by addressing links to poverty and basic human rights. It also outlines the methodology, including a case study, and structure of the seminar covering introductions, literature reviews, research methodology, outcomes and conclusions.
“Study on Actors and Activities in the Area of ICT and Women Empowerment in I...AMU
The document discusses ICT (information and communication technologies) and its role in empowering women in India. It defines ICT and women's empowerment. ICT can be a powerful tool for perpetuating gender disparities if women's specific needs within their social contexts are not considered. Key ways ICT can empower women include increasing educational opportunities, ensuring gender perspectives in projects, and designing appropriate technologies. However, barriers to women's access and use of ICT in India include poverty, illiteracy, socio-cultural norms, early marriage, language barriers, and lack of ownership of devices. Both government and non-government organizations are working on initiatives to promote women's empowerment through ICT, but gaps remain between
This document provides a baseline report on equity and inclusion in Somerville, Massachusetts. It analyzes internal city data that shows racial disparities in city leadership positions, with 96% of department heads being white despite only 74% of the population being white. It also summarizes feedback from community conversations identifying priorities like addressing gentrification, diversifying city leadership, and creating inclusive housing. The report aims to establish Somerville's current status on equity issues and provide recommendations to advance equity across the community.
Evidence of gender inequality and bias is all around us. Workplace prejudice has been found to affect workers’ salaries and career progression. Fighting gender stereotypes and prejudice by employers makes good business sense and in many countries, it's a legal obligation. This study aimed at investigating three factors believed to influence gender equality at the workplace. These included culture, distribution of resources and interpersonal relations. Five select medium sized public and private sector organizations based in Meru County were investigated. Each select organization employed over 100 workers .A total of 102 ordinary workers were randomly selected to participate in the study. Interviews and questionnaires were used as the main data collection tools. The study observed that women are more discriminated at the workplace. Culture plays a key role in perpetuating gender imbalance at the workplace due to men being dominant while women have been subordinate in the society. Further, outdated beliefs and separate gender roles have been responsible for holding women back. On distribution of resources, women were found to be under-represented in major decision making organs in the organization and suffered unequal access to economic resources .However cases of pay based on gender were negligible. Regarding interpersonal relations, the study observed that cases of sexual harassment play a key role in advancing gender inequality. The study noted that gender inequality at the workplace was responsible for cases of hostile working atmosphere, worker conflicts, harassment of subordinates by superiors, low productivity and slow growth of the organization. Various solutions to gender discrimination were recommended by the study. These include enforcing affirmative action in areas where there exists high discrimination against one gender. Individual organizations should invest in education, sensitization and mentorship programs to champion gender equality. Further, the government should enact more laws to prohibit gender discrimination practices. Organizations need to develop internal policies that punish offenders of gender discrimination and enforce a policy of equal-pay-for –equal work.
Commissioned by the W.K. Kellogg Foundation and written by Matt Leighninger of the Deliberative Democracy Consortium, this paper reviews that conversation and extends an invitation to both deliberative democracy and dialogue practitioners and to community organizers to continue it. In doing so, it invites civic engagement practitioners from diverse schools of thought to raise and tackle tough, important questions; to deepen their mutual understanding of other practices and approaches, and of the values underlying and unifying their work; and to propose ideas for working together more effectively, and with greater impact.
The document discusses different theoretical frameworks related to women and development including WID, WAD, GAD, and WED. WID focuses on integrating women into development and includes approaches like welfare, equity, anti-poverty, efficiency, and empowerment. WAD emerged as a critique of WID and modernization theory, viewing women as important economic actors and focusing on relationships between women and development. GAD offers a holistic perspective and questions gender roles and patriarchy. It emphasizes women's agency and legal/policy reforms. WED examines links between environmental decline, patriarchy, and development planning. The document also distinguishes between practical and strategic gender needs/interests in development work.
The document discusses women's economic empowerment as key to building a strong nation. It outlines the National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women's (NCRFW) vision of making government work to promote gender equality and women's human rights. The NCRFW aims to mainstream gender across all levels and aspects of development planning through coordination, advocacy, and monitoring of policies, budgets and programs. It emphasizes women's economic empowerment through increased access to capital, skills training, and awareness of rights and opportunities.
ICT has made a huge contribution to women's empowerment. women living in remote and rural areas are also being benefitted by ICT and they are making their contribution to society-building and development of the country.
With the help of this powerpoint presentation, at the Workshop on Governance Assessment Methods and Applications of Governance Data in Policy-Making (June 2009), Ken Mease argued that governance assessments can be 1) a reporting tool that can track and communicate progress towards goals and/or outcomes; 2) a policy tool that can guide evidence-based planning and action to address issues identified as important by citizens and in existing political commitments, and finally 3) a tool that can strengthen democracy by engaging stakeholders through informed discussions.
Presentation by Prof. Dora Kostakopoulou (Warwick University) on the occasion of the EESC hearing on 'A more inclusive citizenship open to immigrants' - Brussels, 4 September 2013
Third Wave Foundation supports youth-led reproductive health and justice organizations through grants. In 2010, they supported organizations in 9 states and DC working on issues like abortion access, comprehensive sex education, LGBTQ rights, and developing young leaders. The groups used strategies like organizing, advocacy, community education, and developing healthy frameworks around gender, race and sexuality. Over half of the groups served youth of color and nearly half served transgender and gender non-conforming youth.
What is Gender...??? Describe in detail. Gender And Sex..??? written By Rizw...Rizwan Hussainy
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to gender mainstreaming and equality, including:
1. It defines important terms like gender, sex, gender discrimination, and the differences between equality and equity.
2. It explains the shift from Women in Development (WID) approaches to Gender and Development (GAD) approaches, which focus on unequal power relations rather than just integrating women.
3. It describes the concept of gender mainstreaming as making women's and men's concerns integral to policies and programs, and outlines some of the myths and challenges related to implementation.
4. It also discusses related topics like gender needs, women's empowerment, gender planning, gender analysis, and gender-responsive
Information Communication Technologies are not gendered biased.Its usage is equally effective for both males as well as females. its effectiveness and impact depend on how the person uses it. This particular ppt. tells its readers about the power of ICT and how women can use it for their empowerment while performing various roles which she performs during her life.
Gender mainstreaming and gender analysis in work addressing risk reduction: G...Oxfam GB
Understanding how gender relations shape women’s and men’s lives is critical to disaster risk reduction (DRR). This is because women’s and men’s different roles, responsibilities, and access to resources influence how each will be affected by different hazards, and how they will cope with and recover from disaster. This presentation contains help and advice on mainstreaming gender in DRR work. This presentation is part of Oxfam GB's Gender and disaster risk reduction training pack available at www.oxfam.org.uk/genderdrrpack.
The document discusses several gender analysis frameworks that can be used to assess how policies, programs, and projects differentially impact men and women. It describes frameworks like the Harvard Analytical Framework, Moser's triple roles framework, and Longwe's Women's Empowerment Framework. Each framework asks different questions to analyze factors like who does what work, who has access to and control over resources, and how interventions may affect gender roles, status, and responsibilities.
The document discusses the concept of gender mainstreaming. It began in 1985 at the Third World Conference on Women in Nairobi and was further developed by the United Nations. Gender mainstreaming aims to promote gender equality by assessing how policies, programs, and legislation will impact men and women. It seeks to make gender perspectives central to all activities from policy development to implementation. The goal is to address inequalities that discriminate against both sexes and ensure initiatives work to reduce gender inequality.
This document discusses strategies needed to transform care programs and ensure care responsibilities are shared more equitably. It highlights examples like Chile's childcare program, India's employment guarantee requiring childcare, and addressing unpaid care work as a human rights issue. It also discusses the importance of engaging men and boys through programs that aim to achieve more gender-equal relationships and increase men's involvement in childcare and domestic work. Specific programs mentioned include MenCare and Program P, which work with communities and institutions to promote gender-equal caregiving attitudes and norms at multiple levels.
Theorising the relationship between television programmes and promotion of en...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study that examined the relationship between television programs and the promotion of entrepreneurial culture among university students in Kenya. The study found a significant positive relationship, indicating that TV programs can help promote entrepreneurial culture in Kenya. Some key points:
- The study used a sample of 320 final year university students from 10 public and private universities in Nairobi, Kenya.
- A survey questionnaire was used to collect data on the relationship between different types of TV programs (news, reality shows, documentaries, talk shows, interviews) and entrepreneurial culture.
- A significant positive relationship was found between aggregate TV programs and the promotion of entrepreneurial culture in Kenya.
Core principles for engaging young people in community changeDr Lendy Spires
This document outlines core principles for engaging young people in community change. It discusses how few organizations have the primary focus of engaging youth as catalysts for community improvement. The principles emerged from combining research and practice experience. They are designed to help organizations and communities build capacity to ensure youth believe they can make their communities better places. The principles promote meaningful youth involvement and moving ideas into impact through youth-supported change.
This manual was developed to equip young people with a better understanding of the peculiar issues faced by young women and girls, how gender constructs and gender inequality has contributed to this, and how young people can advocate for more equitable societies and gender just communities and institutions. Young people will also be equipped to develop change pathways for tackling gender discrimination including applying a gender analysis in all their advocacy initiatives and leveraging movements and collective efforts for gender justice.
Youth Active Citizenship Context Analysis 2013Geoff Hazell
This document provides a summary of trends, barriers, and strategies related to youth active citizenship based on an analysis by Oxfam International Youth Partnerships. It identifies five key global trends: 1) changing populations with the largest youth population in history, 2) globalization and complex issues requiring new approaches to citizenship, 3) increased connectivity through technology and education, 4) protests related to rising inequality and unemployment, and 5) Oxfam's focus on emerging economies and middle income countries where most people in poverty now live. The document aims to support options for evolving Oxfam's youth programs to engage young people as agents of change.
The document discusses youth participation in development in Indonesia. It notes that Indonesia has a large youth population, with 33% under age 35, presenting an opportunity for development. However, many youth are unable to fully participate due to issues like limited education, health care, poverty, and unemployment. The document recommends investing in youth through education, life skills training, and health services to foster youth leadership and empowerment. It also stresses the importance of meaningful youth participation in decision-making to develop policies that meet their needs and ensure youth can help shape their own future.
Youth councils an effective way to promote youth participationDr Lendy Spires
This document discusses youth councils and their effectiveness in promoting youth participation. It provides 6 case studies of youth councils operating at local, national, regional, and international levels in Africa. The case studies illustrate different types of youth councils based on their focus, structure, and roles. Effective youth councils are found to have clearly defined purposes and roles, engage youth in meaningful decision-making, and provide skills development opportunities for participating youth. They can positively impact youth participants through increased confidence and skills, as well as broader communities through advocacy and projects.
The document discusses engaging youth in civic participation and public policy decision making to improve child well-being. It reviews research finding that coupling youth engagement and community change requires significant time and resources. The author proposes further exploring mechanisms for involving youth in decision making around issues that affect them and linking it to policy change.
This document is a Sociology Internal Assessment based on the high rate of unemployment in relation to youth groups. I also have uploaded a copy of my Entrepreneurship IA for your perusal if needed.
You can contact me at: erica5dacas@gmail.com
Remarks by Mr. Sha Zukang, Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs, Secretary-General of The 2012 UN Conference on Sustainable Development
Teaching Democracy and Active Citizenship through Citizenship Education: How ...Paulina Pospieszna
Citizenship education, i.e. activities aimee4ed to teach citizens of recipient countries basic values, knowledge, and skills how to be an active and engaged citizen, has become a popular form of empowering young people within democracy assistance of young democracies from Visegrad countries. This paper outlines some of the programs aimed at educating and activating young people in Eastern Europe to be more socially responsible for their local community, region, and country, and focuses on impact evaluation of these programs. Different methods used to evaluate the impact of the citizenship education programs are being presented and discussed together with their advantages and limitations. These suggestions can be useful for both practitioners whishing to learn whether their citizenship education programs produce impact, as well as for researchers wanting to answer the question whether and how citizenship education efforts of organizations from Visegrad countries influence young people.
This document provides an overview of strategies for engaging youth in community decision making. It discusses how authentic youth engagement requires that young people have actual authority and responsibility over decisions that affect them. The benefits of youth engagement are described, including improved community outcomes and the development of skills for young participants. Principles for successful youth-adult partnerships are presented. The document also outlines challenges to youth engagement like prejudices and provides six strategies communities can use to involve young people, such as establishing positive youth-adult relationships and supporting youth organizational development. It concludes by describing an international learning exchange where youth and adults from different countries collaborated on this issue.
Advancing equality in women's participation & influence in public life throug...Dr Lendy Spires
This document discusses advancing equality in women's participation and influence in public life through the post-2015 development framework. It argues that the new framework must address discriminatory social norms and encourage meaningful shifts in the balance of power between women and men. Specifically, it proposes including a cluster of targets on increasing women's representation in decision-making bodies, accompanied by quality indicators to assess if representation translates to real influence and outcomes for women in poverty.
Advancing equality in women's participation & influence in public life throug...Dr Lendy Spires
This document discusses advancing equality in women's participation and influence in public life through the post-2015 development framework. It argues that the new framework must address discriminatory social norms and encourage meaningful shifts in the balance of power between women and men. Specifically, it proposes including a cluster of targets on increasing women's representation in decision-making bodies, accompanied by quality indicators to assess if representation translates to real influence and outcomes for women in poverty.
The document discusses the disconnect between national leaders and local practitioners in the field of civic engagement. It explores how civic engagement has evolved from social movements of the past to become more diverse and localized today. While local practitioners focus pragmatically on issues in their communities, national leaders emphasize principles of democracy and deliberation but do not always represent the racial diversity of the field as a whole. Bridging the gaps between local and national efforts could help strengthen and support the growing work of civic engagement.
Need of youth parliament a new public & advisory managementNaveen BR
This document discusses the need for a youth parliament in India to better represent and engage youth in decision making. It notes that while India has a large youth population, they have little representation in parliament. The document argues that a youth parliament, even in an advisory capacity, could help policymakers understand the needs and aspirations of youth. It also provides background context on definitions of youth, the size of the youth population globally, and current levels of youth political participation worldwide which are generally low.
Need of youth parliament a new public & advisory managementNaveen BR
This document discusses the need for a youth parliament in India to better represent and engage youth in decision making. It notes that while India has a large youth population, they have little representation in parliament. The document argues that a youth parliament, even in an advisory capacity, could help policymakers understand the needs and aspirations of youth. It also provides background context on definitions of youth, the size of the youth population globally, and current levels of youth political participation worldwide which are generally low compared to older populations.
This document outlines the UNV Youth Volunteering Strategy for 2014-2017. It analyzes the current context of youth and volunteerism globally. Key points include:
- There are over 1.2 billion youth worldwide who face challenges like unemployment but also have great potential.
- Volunteerism can help address social issues and develop job skills for youth.
- Barriers to youth volunteerism include lack of opportunities, social exclusion, and limited research on impacts.
- Changes like increased travel and online volunteering are creating new opportunities for youth.
- The strategy aims to strengthen youth volunteerism and participation through principles, approaches and partnerships over the next four years.
This document discusses youth leadership development in South Africa. It outlines that many young South Africans face challenges like unemployment, low incomes, and failing education systems. While statistics show difficulties, young people remain mostly hopeful about the future. However, civic participation among youth is low, with few regularly involved in community activities. The document proposes developing alternative narratives that emphasize youth's potential for leadership and innovation to shape South Africa.
1) Youth workers and policymakers met to develop principles for successful cross-sectoral cooperation between municipalities, youth work, education, employment, and social welfare to empower young people.
2) Key principles included having a shared vision and goals focused on community and youth needs, recognizing each partner's expertise, developing a common language, embracing disagreements as learning opportunities, and building on evidence to demonstrate impact.
3) Ongoing political and management support is also important for sustainable collaboration, along with regular assessment of risks from changing environments and circumstances.
This document discusses gender inequality and the role that local governments can play in promoting gender equality. It explores how decentralization and increasing the power of local governments can boost their capacity to address gender issues. Several articles examine different aspects of this topic, including whether affirmative action and training programs have effectively increased women's participation and influence in local governments. While international policies have made progress, more needs to be done at the local level to translate policies into real changes that promote gender equality.
The document discusses confederalization gaps in distance education organizations in the millennium. It argues that the over 30 distance education associations should be brought together under a confederal umbrella to reduce gaps in their structures, activities, and operations. Specifically, it proposes establishing the International Council for Distance Education for Eastern Europe, West Asia and North Africa (ICDEEEWANA) to integrate the associations based on economic, cultural, social, technological and regional commonalities. Turkey is positioned as having a leadership role in organizing regional distance education practices. Recommendations include discussing approaches to fill confederalization gaps in terms of administrative structures, finances, human resources, cultural interactions and globalizing distance education institutions.
Similar to Oxfam Youth Participation_ToC_e-version(1) (20)
2. Introduction
Young people1
have tremendous potential
to be both present and future drivers of
inclusive and sustainable development.
In recognising this and the power of
collective action, Oxfam Australia has
developed a Theory of Change (ToC) to
explore what needs to happen in order
for young active citizens, institutions and
communities to create positive, equitable
and sustainable change together. This
meta-theory was developed through
a series of workshops which brought
together various stakeholders from around
the world- young people working in civil
society, youth activists, Oxfam staff, Oxfam
partners, in-country programming staff and
young people from communities in which
Oxfam works.
Purpose of this document
The intent of this document is for it to be
used as a tool by Oxfam, Oxfam partners
and others working in the sector as a
starting point to help guide strategies
for collective impact, by specifically
considering youth inclusion. The ToC
provided illustrates an overarching
theory of the avenues through which
young women and young men are already
creating change, what needs to happen to
further enable this and the various roles
different actors need to play to create
broader societal (or transformational)
change. It is important to note that this is
a theory; it is envisaged that this ToC will
continue to be modified and improved as
we learn more about how best to support
youth participation.2
A point to note when using this resource, is
that each organisation/group does not need
to work across all areas of the ToC, however
each organisation/group should be thinking
about which area they are best placed to
work within and how they can strategically
connect with stakeholders working in other
areas to increase the likelihood of achieving
broader societal change.
YOUTH PARTICIPATION AND LEADERSHIP
02 . YOUTH PARTICIPATION AND LEADERSHIP RESOURCE
1
For statistical consistency across regions, Oxfam’s aligns its
definition of youth with the U.N which is, ‘youth and young people
interchangeably to mean 15-24 years’; acknowledging that youth
can represent a more fluid category than a fixed age group would
suggest. It is also important to note that young people are not a
homogeneous group; they experience different levels of privilege
and marginalisation.
2
There is an absence of consensus on a singular definition
for youth participation. A review and summation of fourteen
definitions of youth participation by Farthing (2012) is: ‘Youth
participation is a process where young people, as active citizens,
take part in, express views on, and have decision-making power
about issues that affect them.’ Sociologist Roger Hart created a
theory around the various levels of children’s and young people’s
participation, which is outlined in his ‘Ladder of Participation’:
http://bit.ly/1tWhzwo
Cover image: Onima is 15 years old and multi-talented. She
sews, she’s a keen dancer and is learning karate. Having grown
up in a slum in Mymensingh, Bangladesh, Onima was inspired
to share her knowledge of disaster preparedness and personal
hygiene with others, so she volunteers for NGO forum, Oxfam’s
partner, and leads hygiene promotion sessions. “I’m exploring my
potential. Maybe others have strong potential too but because of
lack of resources they don’t reach their potential.”
Photo: Tom Pietrasik/Oxfam
Photo:TomPietrasik/Oxfam
3. VISION OF CHANGE
The change envisioned is a transformation of
current unequal power structures, including
those that inhibit the advancement of
women’s rights, into equitable social and
political relations where ‘young people’s
rights and needs are understood and
respected, and young people lead and
participate in decision-making that affects
their lives and their communities.’3
The gap is huge between the societal
changes that Oxfam wants to see and
how power dynamics currently work in
most countries. Considering the number of
behaviours and policies that continually
exclude young women and young men
from participating4
, this vision may be seen
as naive or too optimistic. However what
young people have shown throughout
history, is that they are active members
of society and do have the ideas and
determination to create social change.
Adding to this, the current youth population
is the largest the world has seen. Young
people today are more connected and more
educated than any previous generation;
they’re challenging restrictive gender
norms and utilising technology to mobilise
civil society in new ways.
A recent example of this is how young
people have been mobilising around
the world out of a shared sense of deep
injustice; protesting against growing
inequality, which has been intensified by
the global financial crisis and high rates of
youth unemployment.
The question for organisations like Oxfam
is less about why we need to work with
young active citizens, and more about
how. Oxfam is already aware that unless
youth participation is strengthened at
all levels of society, broader societal
change is unlikely to happen. In some
cases, Oxfam is already working with
young women and young men around the
world (including those who are directly
affected by the issues Oxfam is seeking to
address5
), to benefit from their knowledge,
skills and motivation to create change.
The challenge for Oxfam (and others in
the sector) now is to identify its own role
in supporting youth active citizenship in
different contexts. Which young people’s
participation is Oxfam actually trying to
enable? How can Oxfam build on existing
work that’s happening in the space of youth
participation and leadership to amplify the
voices of young women and young men
who are already creating change? And how
can organisations like Oxfam create space
within their own decision-making processes
for the young women and young men they’re
seeking to support?
04 . YOUTH PARTICIPATION AND LEADERSHIP RESOURCE THEORY OF CHANGE . 05
3
Oxfam Australia Strategic Plan 2014-2019
4
Young people face a number of barriers to achieving their
full participation in society. These barriers include, but are
not limited to: marginalisation of young people, political risk,
economic security as well as dominant strategies of civil society
which often include gaps in funding, mediating the voices of
young people, lacking the agility work in partnership with loosely
formed youth groups.
5
This includes women and young men from communities, those
living with a disability, those with a HIV positive status, those
from Indigenous, racial, class, caste and sexual minorities as well
as young women.
Photo:MatthewWillman/OxfamAUS
A TRANSFORMATION OF UNEQUAL POWER RELATIONS
4. Path B:
Young women and young men from
different regions and fields are
organising and taking collective action
For youth groups to affect change they
must first have opportunities to connect
and share their ideas about issues they
care about. There needs to be a collective
concern, with young women and young
men from affected communities and
other young active citizens working
together towards a shared aim. Roles and
responsibilities need to be defined and
strategic plans need to be made (including
operational plans), to ensure sustainability.
In order for youth movements to continue
to create change collectively, they need
to have the resources and support to
sustain their collective action, and need
to be working politically and connecting
strategically with power holders in
communities and formal institutions.
Path C:
Young women and young men
participate in formal decision-making
in institutions
For young women and young men to
influence decision-making in formal
institutions (such as governments,
government institutions, NGO’s and private
corporations), leaders of these institutions
must first be motivated and see the value
of working with young women and young
men. Organisations need to be aware
of the behaviours and practices that
exclude young women and young men from
participating, as well as what enables young
women’s and young men’s participation,
so organisational policies can be put in
place to support this participation. While
policies are one aspect, the organisational
culture, everyday processes and individuals’
practices must enable and support young
women and young men to participate, giving
equal voice to them in decision-making.
This ToC has identified three crucial
routes (paths) for supporting youth active
citizenship to enable collective impact.
In understanding the three paths, it’s
important to note the following:
- There is no sequence or priority between
the paths intended; rather, they offer
different avenues to achieving change by
working in partnership with young women
and young men, and the changes that
need to happen throughout each path.
- Accountability needs to occur up and
down the paths and between various
actors. This does not only include power
holders and institutions/groups being
accountable to young women and young
men, but also young women and young
men (as individuals or groups) being
accountable to each other6
and other
stakeholders.
- These are not standalone paths; making
connections between the paths is an
essential element to achieving societal
change. This is explained in more detail in
the ‘Strategic Connections’ section later
in this document.
Path A:
Young women and young men
participate in decision-making in
affected communities
In order for young women and young men
to participate in decision-making within
communities, they must first be concerned
about issues impacting communities and
be motivated to be part of the solution.
Power holders in the community must
make space for young women’s and young
men’s participation. This will require that
power holders value and are motivated to
work with young women and young men.
Strong and open communication between
young women and young men, and power
holders will enable mutual respect to be
gained and power holders to see the value
of youth participation, increasing the
power of young women and young men
and their capacity to create change in
their communities.
06 . YOUTH PARTICIPATION AND LEADERSHIP RESOURCE THEORY OF CHANGE . 07
THREE PATHWAYS
TO SUCCESS
6
An example of this type of accountability is youth
representatives being accountable to the young women and the
young men that they represent.
5. Internal Empowerment
Enabling Environments
META-THEORY
OF CHANGE
Young people &
older people have
strong & open
communication
Older people
provide space &
opportunities for
young people to
participate
Young people
are concerned
about issues in
communities
Communities
Young people participate
in decision-making in
affected communities
AIM
Youth groups,
institutions and
communities create
positive, equitable
and sustainable
change
Youth
groups work
politically &
strategically
Young active
citizens from diverse
backgrounds &
experiences organise
& take collective
action
Youth groups
have resources &
are sustainable
Organisational
policies exist to
support youth
participation
Leaders of
institutions are
motivated &
understand the
value of youth
participation
Organisational
practices enable
young people to
participate
Opportunities
& space exist for
young people to
participate
Young people
have a common
concern & come
together
Institutions
Young people participate
in formal decision making
of institutions
youth
movements
Young people are organising
& taking collective action
for sustainable change
Strategic
Alliances
08 . YOUTH PARTICIPATION AND LEADERSHIP RESOURCE
YOUTH PARTICIPATION
AND LEADERSHIP
6. 10 . YOUTH PARTICIPATION AND LEADERSHIP RESOURCE THEORY OF CHANGE . 11
Strategic Alliances
KEY TO ACHIEVING CHANGE
A key feature of the ToC is that while organisations/groups do not need to work across all
paths, only when strategic connections are made between paths is broader societal change
going to occur. If each path is addressed exclusively without consideration of how it relates to
the other paths, long-term change is much less likely to be achieved.
For example, if young women and young men in youth-led groups and networks work together
without collaborating with leaders in communities and institutions, it is less likely that
transformational change will occur. Thus, in order for change to occur at all levels (from the
grassroots community level, to the national and global levels), leaders from youth groups,
communities and institutions must be working together in strategic coalitions towards a
shared vision.
Underpinning factors influencing change:
INTERNAL EMPOWERMENT AND ENABLING ENVIRONMENTS
A set of underlying factors must exist across the ToC to enable collective impact and
transformational change. These factors can be grouped into ‘internal empowerment’ and
‘enabling environments’. These elements need to be present throughout all paths and at
multiple levels including the individual, family, community and institutional levels in order
to shift traditionally held beliefs and behaviours (both at the individual and collective level)
that inhibit meaningful youth participation.
• Internal Empowerment:
These factors relate to the individual
capabilities and attributes that lead to
active citizenship:
- Knowledge7
, skills and motivation
- Awareness of oneself, one’s view of
the world and how this impacts on
behaviours.
- Awareness of power dynamics and
how this can result in behaviours that
exclude marginalised young women and
young men.
Internal empowerment not only relates to
young women and young men, but also
to power holders and other stakeholders.
Internal empowerment is a crucial element
to enabling interpersonal support, which
must occur between peers, family,
colleagues and other stakeholders to
support youth active citizenship.
• Enabling Environments:
These factors relate to broader
environmental influences, which extend
beyond the individual, to support young
women and young men in being active
citizens:
- There are opportunities for young
people to participate and/or be included
in decision-making.
- Special measures are put in place to
further support marginalised young
women and young men.
- Space is created for young people to
take measured risks.
- Young women and young men feel safe
and secure both economically, socially
and politically.
Enabling environments not only refer to the
need to create the above environments,
but also refer to seeking out spaces
where change is already happening and
amplifying these efforts.
7
Knowledge includes awareness of the diversity and inequalities
between young women and young men- this includes the
gender-differentiated experiences, needs and perspectives
of young women and young men, as well as awareness of the
behaviours and practices that exclude other marginalised young
women and young men, such as those from such as those living
with a disability, those with a HIV positive status, those from
Indigenous, racial, class, caste and sexual minorities.
Photo:OxfamAUS
7. Assumptions
There are a number of assumptions which
underpin this ToC and affect whether or
not transformational change will ultimately
occur. These assumptions include:
• Young women and young men want to
participate in decision-making in their
communities and their societies.
• Marginalised young women and
young men are currently participating
significantly less than they could be.
• Young women and young men bring
different ideas, perspectives and energy
to the development process that will have
a positive impact on achieving broader
societal change.
• Young women and young men hold the
greatest potential for shifting restrictive
gender roles that perpetuate inequality
within our societies.
• Working to address inhibiting
environmental factors will support young
people to participate.
• Young women and young men have the
potential to be leaders in all areas.
CONTACT DETAILS
Oxfam Australia
132 Leicester Street
Carlton VIC 3056 Australia
Program Expertise Youth Advisors
youth@oxfam.org.au
www.oxfam.org.au
This document was written by
Oxfam Australia Youth Advisors.
For more information, or to
comment on this publication,
please email youth@oxfam.org.au
Copyright
Oxfam Australia gives permission
for excerpts from this resource
to be photocopied or reproduced
provided that the source is clearly
and properly acknowledged.
12 . YOUTH PARTICIPATION AND LEADERSHIP RESOURCE