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Similar to Necrosis ; Pathology ; MBBS Topic ; Seminar Topic ; Cell Death by Necrosis ; necrosis By Ajayendra Pratap
Similar to Necrosis ; Pathology ; MBBS Topic ; Seminar Topic ; Cell Death by Necrosis ; necrosis By Ajayendra Pratap (20)
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Necrosis ; Pathology ; MBBS Topic ; Seminar Topic ; Cell Death by Necrosis ; necrosis By Ajayendra Pratap
- 1. SEMINAR - NECROSIS PRESENTED BY – AJAYENDRA PRATAP (ROLL NO. – 06)
- 2. DEFINITION • Necrosis is a form of cell death which is a consequence of Irreversible cell Injury • It is Always Pathological • Passive form of cell death • Most common form of cell death
- 3. NECROSIS IS CHARACTERIZED BY :- • Denaturation of cellular proteins • Leakage of cellular contents through damaged membrane • Local inflammation • Enzymatic Digestion of lethally injured cell
- 4. CAUSES OF NECROSIS • Hypoxia ( most common Cause Ischemia ) • Physical injury • Chemical injury • Microbial toxins
- 5. MORPHOLOGY • Increased Eosinophilia of cytoplasm • Glassy homogenous appearance • Cytoplasm is Vacuolated , moth eaten • Calcification of dead cells • Appearance of Myelin figures • Generation of calcium soaps Cytoplasmic Changes
- 6. MORPHOLOGY • Pyknosis • Karyorrhexis • Karyolysis Nuclear Changes
- 7. TYPES OF NECROSIS • Coagulative Necrosis • Liquefactive Necrosis / Colliquative Necrosis • Caseous Necrosis • Fat Necrosis / Adipocytic Necrosis • Fibrinoid Necrosis
- 8. COAGULATIVE NECROSIS • It is form of necrosis in which the Architecture of dead tissue is preserved for a span of at least some days • Affected tissue has firm texture • Preservation is possible due to Denaturation of structural proteins and enzymatic digestion of cells Example - All Solid Organ Infarct ( Except Brain)
- 9. MORPHOLOGY • Grossly outline of the organ maintained • Microscopic Cellular outline is also maintained Karyolysis of nucleus Tombstone Appearance A few days later neutrophilic infiltrate appears
- 11. LIQUEFACTIVE NECROSIS • In this type of necrosis the necrotic tissue liquifies (Viscous Liquid) • No Maintenance of shape • Usually occurs in infection • Necrotic material is creamy yellow in colour known as pus • Tissue architecture is loss in abscess
- 12. CAUSES • Bacterial Infection • Fungal infection • Brain infarct
- 15. CASEOUS NECROSIS • It is combination of coagulative & liquefactive necrosis • Occurs due to deposition of lipid from membrane of organism • Characteristic of Granulomatous inflammation due to tuberculous or fungal infection • Example – tuberculosis , histoplasmosis , nocardia infection
- 16. MORPHOLOGY • Gross – friable , soft , cottage cheese like appearance • Microscopic – typical Amorphous , granular, eosinophilic , necrotic centre is surrounded by granulomatous inflammation
- 19. FAT NECROSIS • Also known as adipocytic necrosis • Occurs in fatty tissue • Grossly visible – chalky white • Microscopic – cloudy Appearance Mostly seen in pancreas , Breast (most common) , omentum
- 20. CONT. • Pancreatitis (inflammation) • Release of enzyme out of the cell • Lipase –Hydrolysis of fat Saponification • Adipocyte Death Calcification (chalky White) • Pseudocyst Formation
- 23. FIBRINOID NECROSIS • Special form of vascular damage Usually seen in immune mediated tissue injury , Hypertension , Peptic Ulcer Polyarteritis nodosa ,rheumatic carditis , hyper acute graft rejection • Fibrin or fibrin like material is deposited in the tissue • Morphology – Bright Pink fibrin like material
- 25. INVESTIGATIONS • X-rays • CT / CAT scan • MRI • Radionuclide Bone Scan • Biopsy
- 26. THANK YOU
Editor's Notes
- Good morning repected teacher and my batchmtes myself Ajayendra Pratap and presenting the seminar on necrosis , start with…
- Now we are taking about morphological changes- starting with cytoplasmic changes
- And nuclear changes karyolysis - fading of basophilia of chromatin due to DNAase activity ; dissolution of chromatin Pyknosis – nuclear shrinkage and increased basophilia Karyorrhexis – fragmentation of pyknotic nucleus
- Infarct – localised area of coagulative necrosis is called as infarct Denaturation block the proteolysis of dead cells
- Outline maintain because cell dies but connective tissue ( elastin , collagen) remains Karyolysis of nucleaus indicate death
- Wedge shaped kidney infarct (yellow) Edge of the infarct ; Microsopic – normal kidney Necrotic cells in the Infarct – preserved cell outlines with loss of nuclei ; inflammatory (neutrophilic) infiltrate
- Creamy yellow due to presence of leukocytes In this connective tissue also destroyed that why no maintainance of shape
- Infarct in brain = dissolution of the tissue Creamy yellow
- Casseous = cheese like
- Granuloma – epitheloid cell gaint cell lymphocyte necrosis fibrosis
- Cottage cheese like appearance (tuberculosis of lung with caseous nacrosis)
- Caseous necrosis in tuberculous lymphnode typical Amorphous ,granular,eosinophilic , necrotic center is surrounded by granulomatous inflammation Granuloma – epitheloid cell gaint cell lymphocyte necrosis fibrosis
- Saponification = fatty acid + calcification =chalky white Trauma is the cause breast
- By hydrolysis of fat . Fatty acid combine with calcium by the process of saponification Saponification of fat will lead to calcification chalk like In omentum due to hydrolysis of fat pseudocyst formation occur.
- Yellowish-white appearance ; Whity chalk deposites with calcium soap formation
- Cloudy appearance of adipocytes with acute inflammatory reaction
- Fibrinoid necrosis in an artery ; Bright pink area of necrosis with inflammation (neutrophils with dark nuclei)
- CT = Computed tomography