Navajo Code Talkers
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The Navajo code talkers were Navajo servicemen who used their native language as code during WWII. Philip Johnston, who spoke Navajo fluently, proposed the idea since very few others spoke the unwritten language. In 1942, 29 Navajos attended boot camp to develop a code based on their language. They transmitted hundreds of messages during key battles like Iwo Jima. The Japanese were never able to break the Navajo code, though they deciphered other Allied codes. Over 500 Navajos served as code talkers during WWII, helping secure Allied victories.
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In 1942, 29 Navajo men were hired by the United States Marines to develop a secret military code using their native language. They created code words for terms like "tank," which they called "turtle." During World War II, the Code Talkers sent thousands of messages in their code that were never decoded by enemy countries. It was not until 1968 that the Code Talker program was made public, and in 2001 surviving Code Talkers received Congressional Medals of Honor recognizing their important role in defeating the enemy.
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The document provides details about key events and battles in World War II across the European and Pacific theaters between 1941 and 1945. It describes Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, major battles such as Midway, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa in the Pacific, as well as the D-Day invasion of Normandy and Battle of the Bulge in Europe. It also discusses the Holocaust and treatment of minorities and civilians during the war.
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The document provides background information on key events leading up to and during World War 2 in the Pacific theater, including:
1) Japan's invasion of China in 1937 and subsequent trade embargoes by the US, as well as the sinking of the USS Panay.
2) Plans for the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 by Japanese admiral Yamamoto and the devastating surprise attack that destroyed much of the US Pacific fleet.
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U:\Navajocodetalkers
During World War II, Navajo men were recruited to create an unbreakable code using their native language. Philip Johnston, a World War I veteran, came up with the idea to use the complex Navajo language for military communications. Words for common terms were translated into Navajo code. The Japanese were unable to decipher these codes, helping the US win key battles. After the war, the Navajo code talkers received medals in recognition of their vital role in securing Allied victory in the Pacific.
U:\Navajocodetalkers
During World War II, Navajo men were recruited to create an unbreakable code using their native language. Philip Johnston, a World War I veteran, came up with the idea to use the complex Navajo language for military communications. Words for common terms were translated into Navajo code, which the Japanese were unable to decipher. The Navajo code talkers played a vital role in helping the U.S. communicate securely in the Pacific theater and are credited with saving many lives. After the war, the Navajo code talkers received medals in recognition of their brave and important service.
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3) The document finally discusses Admiral Horacio Rivero Jr, the first Latino four-star Admiral and Chief of Naval Operations, who served bravely in the Pacific theater. The document argues these heroes represent only a
Point
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Navajo Code Talkers
- 1. Navajo Code Talkers Nathan Mykut
- 2. Philip Johnston • The idea to first use the Navajo’s in WWII came from Johnston. • He was the son of a missionary to the Navajos and he was also one of the few non-Navajos who spoke their language fluently. • Johnston was a WWI veteran who new about the military’s need for a code for WWII that could not be deciphered if tried. • He also knew that Native American Languages were used in WWI to create and send messages.
- 3. But why the Navajo languauge.. • The Navajo language is an unwritten one with no alphabet or symbols and was only spoken on Navajo lands in the United States. • Its syntax and tonal qualities made it very hard to comprehend without lots of exposure and practice with the language. • It was also said that less than 30 non-Navajo’s could understand the language when WWII occurred and none were of Japanese decent. • Also the Navajo’s themselves could encode, transmit, and decode a three lined English message in 20 seconds and machines of the time required at least 30 minutes to perform the same task.
- 4. Navajo language is accepted into WWII • In 1942 Johnston met with Major General Clayton B. Vogel to try to convince him to use the language. • After he was convinced, due to many extremities of the language Vogel recommended to the Marines to recruit 200 Navajo’s for the war.
- 5. Navajo’s attend boot camp • Soon after in May of 1942, 29 Navajo soldiers attended boot camp. • They attended camp at Camp Pendleton, Oceanside, California.
- 6. Navajo’s at boot camp • Here the first group created the Navajo code. • By doing this they developed a dictionary and many different words for military terms. • Before being sent to the Pacific theater, a Navajo had to memorize the dictionary and complete his training.
- 7. Navajo duties in war • The code talkers’ main job was to send and receive, information on key military troop movements, orders, and other important battlefield situations over telephones and radios. • They also performed general Marine duties.
- 8. Iwo Jima • The code talkers played a key role in the Capture of Iwo Jima. • The code talkers here transmitted over 800 errorless messages which helped the Marines capture the island. • Also the entire operation to capture the island was directed through orders that the Navajos would receive and send. • It was said by Major Howard Connor, 5th Marines signal officer, “Were it not for the Navajos, the Marines would never have taken Iwo Jima.”
- 9. Japanese input on the code talkers • It was said that the Japanese were skilled code breakers. • The Japanese were never able to brake the code used by the Navajos. • However, they were able to decipher the codes that the U.S. Army and Army Air Corps used during the war.
- 10. Facts of the Navajo • In 1945, about 520 Navajos served in the Marines. • Around 375-420 of these became code talkers. • The remaining served in the war in other ways. • The code talkers were credited with saving countless number of lives through their work. • Also the code talkers served in all six Marine divisions from 1942-1945.
- 11. Navajo recognition • On June 28, 1969, the Navajo Code talkers received formal recognition. • The Fourth Marine Division honored the code talkers with medallions commemorating their efforts in the war. • Then on July 28, 1982 the President of the United States signed a measure stating that August 14 was “National Navajo Code Talkers Day.”
- 12. Code talkers today • Today, the remaining Navajo Code Talkers make their headquarters at the Gallup- McKinley County Chamber of Commerce. • The Navajo Code Talker Room is open to the public to view. • Exhibits of the code talkers tell fascinating stories of these veterans and their work.
- 13. Works Cited • quot;Cryptology: Navajo Code Talkers in World War II.quot; Naval History and Heritage Command. 07 May 2009 <http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq61-2.htm>. • quot;How the Navajo Code Talkers helped win World War II.quot; On the road travelogue based on editor who explores West in an RV motorhome. 07 May 2009 <http://www.outwestnewspaper.com/codetalkers.html>. • quot;Military.com Content.quot; Benefiting the US Army, US Navy, US Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard - Military.com. 07 May 2009 <http://www.military.com/Content/MoreContent?file=ML_billison_bkp>. • Navajo Code Talkers. 07 May 2009 <http://www.navajocodetalkers.org/>. • quot;NAVAJO CODE TALKERS WW2 Native American Warriors History Series Honoring Indian War Veterans.quot; CALIFORNIA INDIAN EDUCATION CALIE Educational Tribal Website of Calif Native American Indians Families Reservation and Urban Communities of North America USA Southern CA. 07 May 2009 <http://www.californiaindianeducation.org/native_american_veterans/na vajo_code_talkers.html>.