Nautical terms
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The document discusses different types of pleasure crafts such as open deck boats and partially or fully decked boats. It also defines various nautical terms related to parts of boats like the helm. Finally, it provides definitions for nautical directional terms including abeam, abaft, windward and definitions for other terms like draft, freeboard, and knot.
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Sailing Aerodynamic theory
1) When a sail is shaped, the wind splits around the front and flows down each side of the curved wing shape.
2) Air flows faster over the outer surface of the sail, creating lower pressure and "sucking" the sail to one side.
3) The combination of lift forces over the sail surface produces the center of effort, which propels the dinghy forward through the water.
Basic aerodynamic theory - How a Sail Works?
When a sail is shaped properly, the wind splits around the front of the sail and flows down both sides of the curved sail surface. This creates lower pressure on the leeward side of the sail, resulting in lift that pulls the sail in that direction and propels the boat forward. The key forces on a sail are lift, which moves the boat, and drag, which reduces speed. A centerboard or keel counteracts sideways movement from wind pressure on the sail alone, allowing the boat to sail in almost any direction other than directly into the wind.
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Compass errors arise from two sources: variation and deviation. Variation is the difference between magnetic and true north, while deviation is caused by nearby magnetic interference. Compass error is the sum of variation and deviation, representing the angle between true and compass north. Finding transit or gyro errors allows one to determine the compass error. Regular corrections are needed since errors change with location and vessel orientation.
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Sailing Aerodynamic theory
1) When a sail is shaped, the wind splits around the front and flows down each side of the curved wing shape.
2) Air flows faster over the outer surface of the sail, creating lower pressure and "sucking" the sail to one side.
3) The combination of lift forces over the sail surface produces the center of effort, which propels the dinghy forward through the water.
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When a sail is shaped properly, the wind splits around the front of the sail and flows down both sides of the curved sail surface. This creates lower pressure on the leeward side of the sail, resulting in lift that pulls the sail in that direction and propels the boat forward. The key forces on a sail are lift, which moves the boat, and drag, which reduces speed. A centerboard or keel counteracts sideways movement from wind pressure on the sail alone, allowing the boat to sail in almost any direction other than directly into the wind.
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2) Nautical charts depict water depths, hazards, and navigation aids to allow mariners to safely navigate coastal and ocean waters.
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- Restricted ability to maneuver and avoid hazards due to small clearance between hull and sea bed.
- Increased risk of contact with submerged/semi-submerged objects not shown on charts such as wrecks.
- Possibility of sudden changes in seabed depth or composition that could cause the ship to list or temporarily lose propulsion or steering.
- Increased wash and waves from other vessels potentially impacting the handling of the ship.
- Stronger set of tides and currents in restricted areas influencing
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3) Requirements for lights and dayshapes on vessels to determine stand-on/give-way status and aid in identification.
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- Above board: On or above the deck, in plain view, not hiding anything.
- Abandon ship!: An imperative to leave the vessel immediately, usually in the face of some imminent danger.
- Admiral: Senior naval officer of Flag rank. In ascending order of seniority, Rear Admiral, Vice Admiral, Admiral and Admiral of the Fleet.
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1) Navigation enables locating one's position and traveling between places using tools like nautical charts, compasses, and coordinate systems of latitude and longitude.
2) Nautical charts depict water depths, hazards, and navigation aids to allow mariners to safely navigate coastal and ocean waters.
3) Key concepts in navigation include great circles, meridians, parallels, compass rose, cardinal and intercardinal directions, and units of measurement like nautical miles.
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Here are some other dangers that could be encountered in shallow water:
- Reduced underkeel clearance putting the ship at risk of grounding if the actual depth is less than charts indicate.
- Restricted ability to maneuver and avoid hazards due to small clearance between hull and sea bed.
- Increased risk of contact with submerged/semi-submerged objects not shown on charts such as wrecks.
- Possibility of sudden changes in seabed depth or composition that could cause the ship to list or temporarily lose propulsion or steering.
- Increased wash and waves from other vessels potentially impacting the handling of the ship.
- Stronger set of tides and currents in restricted areas influencing
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4) Specific rules that govern vessel conduct in situations like meetings, crossings, and overtaking to avoid collisions. Responsibilities are placed on the stand-on and give-way vessels in each case.
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Waves are rhythmic motions that transfer energy through matter or space. While water molecules stay in the same place as a wave passes, wave energy causes the rise and fall of tides in the ocean. Tides are giant waves thousands of kilometers long caused by the combined gravitational pulls of the moon and sun, with the moon having the strongest effect due to its proximity. This results in two high tides and two low tides every 24 hours and 50 minutes as the moon orbits the Earth. The sun can strengthen or weaken the moon's influence, causing spring tides during alignment and neap tides when at a right angle.
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This document discusses ship propulsion systems. It begins by defining key terms related to propeller horsepower, including:
- Brake Horsepower (BHP): Power output at the engine shaft before reduction gears.
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- Delivered Horsepower (DHP): Power delivered to the propeller.
- Thrust Horsepower (THP): Power created by the screw/propeller after losses.
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This document provides guidance on chartwork and fixing conventions. It discusses:
1. Chartwork conventions such as position lines, tidal streams, clearing bearings, and position fixing methods.
2. Guidance on fixing positions including visual fixes using bearings, radar fixes using ranges, and horizontal sextant angle fixes.
3. Details on calculating tidal streams and estimating positions based on dead and estimated reckoning.
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The document discusses basic navigation concepts including types of navigation such as coastal, celestial, and electronic navigation. It covers terrestrial coordinate systems including latitude, longitude, and datums. Charts are also discussed, specifically the Mercator projection which maintains true shape over small areas and allows accurate measurement of position, distance, and direction.
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Presentation on maneuvering and collision avoidance with special focus on large tonnage vessels.
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This document discusses navigation and collision avoidance in restricted visibility. It outlines key rules for vessel conduct when visibility is limited, including proceeding at a safe speed and having engines ready. Parallel indexing is described as the primary method for monitoring navigation using radar to track fixed objects and course changes. The document also details the sound signals vessels must use in restricted visibility, such as one prolonged blast for power-driven vessels making way through water. Maintaining accurate position information and pre-planning routes can additionally aid safe navigation in poor conditions.
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This document summarizes a study on simulating the motion response of an intact and damaged ship in head waves using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It describes setting up CFD cases to analyze the heave and pitch motions of an intact ship model in regular head waves of varying wavelengths. The study also simulates a damaged ship condition and compares the motion responses to the intact case. Areas identified for future work include modeling water intrusion during flooding and simulating more complex sea states with irregular waves.
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The document discusses factors affecting ship handling both internally and externally. Internal factors include engine power, propeller, rudder, anchors, and thrusters. External factors include tide, wind, current, proximity of other vessels, and harbor depth. It then discusses principles of ship handling and how ships move longitudinally, laterally, and rotationally. Finally, it discusses the effects of wind and current on ship handling in detail covering topics like windage area, trim, headway, and sternway.
Vessel night navigation lights
Night navigation lights are important for vessels to see each other and determine direction, size, and activity in order to avoid collisions. Basic running lights include red and green sidelights, an all-around white light, a masthead light, and a stern light. Lights must be displayed between sunset and sunrise and in periods of low visibility. Additional lights indicate activities like fishing, towing, and restricted maneuverability. Proper use of navigation lights helps vessels safely navigate at night and in hazardous conditions.
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Cruise ships offer a wide variety of onboard services and entertainment options for passengers. Some of the key services include restaurants, bars, casinos, spas, salons, boutiques, art galleries, photo galleries, theaters, pools, gyms, and children's facilities. Cruise ships also offer daily activities like live music, dance classes, comedy shows, movies, auctions and art demonstrations. The ship is staffed by various departments including deck, engineering, hotel operations, food and beverage, entertainment, medical and the purser's office.
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This document provides safety tips and guidelines for operating boats on rivers and lakes, including:
1) Always wear a properly fitted personal flotation device and attach the engine kill switch lanyard.
2) Be prepared for changes in weather and know how to respond if caught in bad conditions.
3) Be aware of unique hazards like dams, wing dams, and tow boats when navigating and stay clear of restricted areas.
Florida Kiteboarding
Kitesurfing, also known as kiteboarding, is an extreme water sport where participants use a large kite to pull themselves across water while standing on a small surfboard or kiteboard. A kitesurfer controls their movement using a control bar attached to the kite lines to perform tricks on the water like turns, jumps, grabs and water starts. Lessons are recommended to learn kitesurfing safely under the guidance of an instructor.
Terms related to docks and harbours
This document defines various terms related to docks and harbors. It describes structures like breakwaters, basins, berths, docks, jetties, piers, quays and wharves that are used in ports and harbors. It also defines terms like approach channel, apron, barges, estuary, harbor, hinterland, littoral drift and navigational aids which are important concepts in the context of docks and harbors. The document provides concise definitions of these terms to explain key infrastructure and processes involved in ports and harbors.
Shape of the ship. presentation
This document discusses the shapes of ship hulls and how they affect buoyancy and maneuverability. It describes several common hull shapes:
- Displacement hulls are always submerged equally and include commercial vessels like tankers and cargo ships.
- Flat hulls have a flat bottom and sail with most of the hull out of the water, used for boats and sports boats.
- Semi-displacement hulls move with part of the hull submerged and part above water, allowing for high speeds and good stability like many cruise ships.
- Round "U" hulls provide very smooth sailing with little power needed but also very slow speeds, used for large supertankers.
-
Crya competent crew (sail)
This document provides information on safety procedures and regulations for operating a sailboat, including:
1. It outlines required safety equipment that must be carried on board such as personal flotation devices, flares, fire extinguishers, anchors, etc.
2. It describes procedures for emergencies like man overboard situations, hypothermia treatment, and operating a marine head.
3. It summarizes international regulations for preventing collisions at sea known as Colregs, including key definitions, responsibilities of vessels, and applications of the rules.
CYA Advanced Cruising
This document provides information on advanced cruising skills from the Canadian Yachting Association. It covers topics such as sail theory, weather, safety procedures, and boat maintenance. The sail theory section describes concepts like true and apparent wind, sail trim, and helm balance. The weather section identifies cloud types and discusses low pressure systems and frontal passages. Safety topics include distress signaling, collision regulations, and lightning protection. Maintenance procedures are outlined for winterizing various boat systems, including the deck, engine, interior, electrical systems, and hull.
4 ship dimensions
This document defines and explains key ship dimensions and terms used to describe a ship's size and design. It discusses measurements like length between perpendiculars, molded beam, draft, sheer, and freeboard. It also defines tonnage measurements including displacement tonnage, lightweight tonnage, deadweight tonnage, gross tonnage, and net tonnage. Finally, it describes the load line mark used to indicate a ship's assigned summer freeboard.
78998058 chk-lists
This document contains checklists for various emergency situations that may occur on ships, such as general emergencies, abandoning ship, search and rescue, rescuing crew from a disabled vessel, flooding, fire, stranding or grounding, collision, main engine failure, steering failure, rudder failure, and checklists for navigation in coastal and ocean waters. The checklists provide step-by-step instructions for crew to follow to ensure passenger and crew safety, assess damage, send distress signals, and follow proper emergency procedures in a variety of emergency situations at sea.
Parts of ship
The document defines and describes various parts of a ship. It identifies the bow and stern as the front and back of the ship. It explains that the hull is the part that is partly in the water and carries cargo in holds, while the freeboard is the part above the water and the draught is the part below. It also outlines key features like the propeller that propels the ship forward, the rudder that controls turning, lifeboats for emergency evacuation, and the bridge that serves as the ship's control center.
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Nautical terms
- 2. Different Types of Pleasure Craft Open Deck Boat Partially or Fully Decked Boat
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- 9. Nautical Terms: Definitions Abaft: Behind; towards the stern or rear end. Abeam: At right angles to the fore and aft centre line of the vessel. Deck: A floor. Draft: The depth of the vessel below the waterline. Freeboard: The height of the hull above the waterline. Keel: The deepest projection of the hull. Knot: The measurement of speed in miles per hour. Speed of the boat or wind in knots. Leeway: On the sheltered side away from the wind. Stem: The sharp edge of the bow; the fore end of the hull. Underway: Not at anchor, made fast to the shore or aground. Making way: Moving through the water using power. Windward: On the side exposed to the wind; into the wind.