Natural science uses valid scientific methodology and supporting evidence to build testable explanations about the world. Pseudoscience lacks this methodology and evidence. Examples of natural science include physics, chemistry, and biology, while pseudoscience examples are astrology, creationism, crystology, and graphyology. Astrology in particular is considered pseudoscience because it is not scientifically proven, can involve confirmation bias, makes vague claims, and uses exceptions in a flexible way, rather than being falsifiable.

1. Natural Science versusPseudoscienceNina Suthamjariya Nickolas Brickred

2. DefinitionsPseudoscience is a claim, belief or practice which is presented as scientific but lacks the valid scientific methodology or supporting evidence. Science is an enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the world.

3. DifferencesSciencePseudoscienceAchieve complete and unified understanding of the worldSeek counterexamples for accepted theoriesData that is not consistent stimulate additional studiesDriven by ideological, cultural or commercial goalsChallenge to dogma is a hostile actData is not consistent are ignored or actively suppressed

4. Examples of Natural SciencePhysicsNewtonian MechanicsChemistryAtomic theoryBiologyEvolution theory

5. Examples of PseudoscienceAstrologyBelief that relative positions of celestial bodies can explain or predictCreationismBelief that the theory of evolution is false and that each species was uniquely created by GodCrystologyBelief that crystals have the power to heal peopleGraphyologyBelief that analysis of a person’s handwriting can tell about their character

6. TaurusLikes...A comfortable lifeIndependenceExpensive thingsDelicious food & wineBeautyA beautiful homeGardeningNatureDislikes...ChangeManipulative peopleUglinessBetrayalVulgaritySex fiendsBeing controlledCharacteristics…SteadyDeterminedReliableStubbornCreativeKindFerocious temperLazyHabitualLoyalGenerousPossesiveHonestFinancial wizard

7. Astrology: a pseudoscience?Not scientifically provenConfirmation biasSelf-fulfilling prophecyVaguenessAd hoc exceptionsBritish Psychology Society gives astrology "zero validity"

8. Relation to WoKReasoningExpert opinionLanguageKnowledge by testimonyUse of language to influence and persuadeEmotionConfirmation biasEmotional response to counterarguments from natural science