This document is a student project on natural disasters that includes an acknowledgements section, index, and sections on floods, flood prevention, roof types (flat, pitched, shell), and a conclusion. It provides information on floods such as their causes, vulnerability atlases, and the function of floodplains. It also describes the key features and advantages/disadvantages of different roof types. The conclusion restates that disasters can result in loss of life/property and defines floods, floodplains, and roofs.
A natural vibration of the ground or the earth crust produced by forces is called earthquake or seismic forces.
An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another.
This PowerPoint Presentation (PPT) is a case study of the Bhuj Earthquake 26th January 2001, prepared by my friend Nitin. I'm uploading this PPT inly because it may useful to some one in their study.
A natural vibration of the ground or the earth crust produced by forces is called earthquake or seismic forces.
An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another.
This PowerPoint Presentation (PPT) is a case study of the Bhuj Earthquake 26th January 2001, prepared by my friend Nitin. I'm uploading this PPT inly because it may useful to some one in their study.
This presentation gives detailed information about earthquake , its types , waves , faults , especially in asian countries .A detailed case study of earthquake In NEPAL in 2015 is also covered in this with pictures . Also how it is measured and its warning system , vulnerability, deployment and future aspects has been covered .
HOPE YOU LIKE IT AND GET FULL INFORMATION!!!!!
Chapter - 14, Sources of Energy, Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 14, Sources of Energy, Science, Class 10
A GOOD SOURCE OF ENERGY
FEATURES OF GOOD FUEL
FOSSIL FUELS
DISADVANTAGES OF FOSSIL FUELS
THERMAL POWER PLANT
HYDROPOWER PLANT
ADVANTAGES OF HYDROPOWER PLANT
DISADVANTAGES OF HYDROPOWER PLANT
BIO-MASS
CHARCOAL
COW DUNG
BIOGAS PLANT
WIND ENERGY
ADVANTAGES OF WIND ENERGY
LIMITATIONS OF WIND ENERGY
NON - CONVENTIONAL / ALTERNATIVE SOURCES -OF ENERGY
SOLAR ENERGY
SOLAR COOKER
SOLAR CELL
ENERGY FROM THE SEA
TIDAL ENERGY
WAVE ENERGY
OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
NUCLEAR ENERGY
NUCLEAR FISSION
DISADVANTAGES OF USING NUCLEAR ENERGY
NUCLEAR FUSION
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RENEWABLE AND -NONRENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur & Teacher)
Tsunami is a Japanese word Tsu means ‘harbour’ and nami means ‘wave’.
They are called tidal waves but they have actually nothing to do with the tides. However their appearance from shore is similar to rapidly rising or falling tides.
Tsunami is a series of wave created when water is moved very quickly.
Tsunami is gravity wave system, triggered by vertical disturbances in ocean. They are long waves sometime with hundreds of miles b/w their crests, just like the concentric waves generated by an object dropped into a pool.
First tsunami was recorded in 1480 B.C. in eastern Mediterranean, when the Minoan civilization was wiped out.
A large tsunami accompanied by the earthquake of Lisbon in 1755.
The Kutch earthquake of June 16, 1819 generated strong tsunami which submerged the coastal areas and damage to ships and country made boats of fishermen.
North and South American records have dated such
events back to 1788 for Alaska and 1562 for Chile. Records of Hawaiian tsunami go back to 1821.
Tsunami hits the Mona Passage off Puerto Rico in 1918, grand banks of Canada in 1929.
WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE?
Where Do Earthquakes Happen?
Why Do Earthquakes Happen?
How Are Earthquakes Studied?
How To Locate The Earthquake's Epicenter?
SCALES FOR EARTHQUAKE MEASUREMENT
What Are Earthquake Hazards?
Earthquake is a violent tremor in the earth’s crust, sending out a series of shock waves in all directions from its place of origin or epicenter.
On the morning of January 26, 2001, the Nation’s 52nd Republic Day, a devastating earthquake occurred in the Kutch district of the state of Gujarat.
what is earthquake, how to measure Earthquake, how are earthquakes measured and detected, different methods of measuring earthquake, different scales of measuring earthquake
In the last five years, the term green roof has taken on ecological and social significance beyond its seemingly simplistic description, this term has become an epithet for the reduction of pollution and improving urban environment, for large scale mitigation of storm water runoff, and for maximum utilization of urban land.
Erbil the capital city of Kurdistan region is facing a lot of environmental problems such as waste water treatment, water supply, land preservation, air and noise pollution due to the increasing number of cars, in addition, interestingly recent statistics suggested that the percentage of green areas in Erbil is approximately 6.5%, while according to international standards 30% of urban areas should be green.
Green roofs infrastructure on the other hand promises to become an increasingly important solution for building owners and community planners which provides a significant numbers of social, environmental and economic benefits that are both public and private nature.
Research problem is the ambiguity of green roofs implementation techniques in the region and the goal is initiated to determine the obstacle and challenges of green roofs implementations in Erbil city as case field by analyzing international experiences and concluding Erbil’s green roofs criteria.
This presentation gives detailed information about earthquake , its types , waves , faults , especially in asian countries .A detailed case study of earthquake In NEPAL in 2015 is also covered in this with pictures . Also how it is measured and its warning system , vulnerability, deployment and future aspects has been covered .
HOPE YOU LIKE IT AND GET FULL INFORMATION!!!!!
Chapter - 14, Sources of Energy, Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 14, Sources of Energy, Science, Class 10
A GOOD SOURCE OF ENERGY
FEATURES OF GOOD FUEL
FOSSIL FUELS
DISADVANTAGES OF FOSSIL FUELS
THERMAL POWER PLANT
HYDROPOWER PLANT
ADVANTAGES OF HYDROPOWER PLANT
DISADVANTAGES OF HYDROPOWER PLANT
BIO-MASS
CHARCOAL
COW DUNG
BIOGAS PLANT
WIND ENERGY
ADVANTAGES OF WIND ENERGY
LIMITATIONS OF WIND ENERGY
NON - CONVENTIONAL / ALTERNATIVE SOURCES -OF ENERGY
SOLAR ENERGY
SOLAR COOKER
SOLAR CELL
ENERGY FROM THE SEA
TIDAL ENERGY
WAVE ENERGY
OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
NUCLEAR ENERGY
NUCLEAR FISSION
DISADVANTAGES OF USING NUCLEAR ENERGY
NUCLEAR FUSION
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RENEWABLE AND -NONRENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur & Teacher)
Tsunami is a Japanese word Tsu means ‘harbour’ and nami means ‘wave’.
They are called tidal waves but they have actually nothing to do with the tides. However their appearance from shore is similar to rapidly rising or falling tides.
Tsunami is a series of wave created when water is moved very quickly.
Tsunami is gravity wave system, triggered by vertical disturbances in ocean. They are long waves sometime with hundreds of miles b/w their crests, just like the concentric waves generated by an object dropped into a pool.
First tsunami was recorded in 1480 B.C. in eastern Mediterranean, when the Minoan civilization was wiped out.
A large tsunami accompanied by the earthquake of Lisbon in 1755.
The Kutch earthquake of June 16, 1819 generated strong tsunami which submerged the coastal areas and damage to ships and country made boats of fishermen.
North and South American records have dated such
events back to 1788 for Alaska and 1562 for Chile. Records of Hawaiian tsunami go back to 1821.
Tsunami hits the Mona Passage off Puerto Rico in 1918, grand banks of Canada in 1929.
WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE?
Where Do Earthquakes Happen?
Why Do Earthquakes Happen?
How Are Earthquakes Studied?
How To Locate The Earthquake's Epicenter?
SCALES FOR EARTHQUAKE MEASUREMENT
What Are Earthquake Hazards?
Earthquake is a violent tremor in the earth’s crust, sending out a series of shock waves in all directions from its place of origin or epicenter.
On the morning of January 26, 2001, the Nation’s 52nd Republic Day, a devastating earthquake occurred in the Kutch district of the state of Gujarat.
what is earthquake, how to measure Earthquake, how are earthquakes measured and detected, different methods of measuring earthquake, different scales of measuring earthquake
In the last five years, the term green roof has taken on ecological and social significance beyond its seemingly simplistic description, this term has become an epithet for the reduction of pollution and improving urban environment, for large scale mitigation of storm water runoff, and for maximum utilization of urban land.
Erbil the capital city of Kurdistan region is facing a lot of environmental problems such as waste water treatment, water supply, land preservation, air and noise pollution due to the increasing number of cars, in addition, interestingly recent statistics suggested that the percentage of green areas in Erbil is approximately 6.5%, while according to international standards 30% of urban areas should be green.
Green roofs infrastructure on the other hand promises to become an increasingly important solution for building owners and community planners which provides a significant numbers of social, environmental and economic benefits that are both public and private nature.
Research problem is the ambiguity of green roofs implementation techniques in the region and the goal is initiated to determine the obstacle and challenges of green roofs implementations in Erbil city as case field by analyzing international experiences and concluding Erbil’s green roofs criteria.
The presentation is an exposition on Mitigation Strategies For Flood Proofing. It talks about damages due to flooding, flood proof materials, active & passive flood proofing, flood barriers & all.
This presentation gives a basic information about green roofing technology with easy English in a simple way. It has been used for conducting data about a study on "Assessing the awareness about green roofing technology and the effect of lecture on it. It is with minimum words and maximum content.
30 DISCOVERMAGAZINE.COM
OUTSMARTING CLIMATE CHANGE
Low-tech adaptation strategies are helping people in developing countries cope with the dangers of a warmer world.
Faced with a water
shortage, residents in
Colombia’s Guajira region
must travel long distances
to find drinkable water. Filling
multiple containers helps ensure
supplies will last until the next trip.
May 2016 DISCOVER 31
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FRESHWATER HAS ALWAYS BEEN a precious
commodity on Colombia’s arid Guajira Peninsula,
but climate change is turning scarcity into crisis. Most
of the region’s wells are contaminated by saltwater, forcing
inhabitants to rely on rainfall for potable water. After three years
of extreme drought, the people of the Guajira are still waiting for
the rain to come.
Guajira’s water pinch is just one example of how a warming world
is already hurting developing countries. And the worst is yet to come: As the
global thermostat rises, extreme weather events such as droughts and floods
will become more frequent and intense in many regions, the United Nations warns.
Developing countries stand to suffer the most from climate change — and they
have the fewest resources to prepare for it. So inventors and engineers are devising
simple and often inexpensive measures to help communities adapt to a climate-altered
world. Here are five promising innovations, from the mountains of Colombia to
the coastlines of Indonesia.
OUTSMARTING CLIMATE CHANGE
Low-tech adaptation strategies are helping people in developing countries cope with the dangers of a warmer world. BY J. HARRIS
32 DISCOVERMAGAZINE.COM
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People cannot survive
without water, yet more than
10 percent of the world’s
population lacks sufficient
access to it — a figure likely to
grow as climate change alters
weather patterns and worsens
droughts. While most of the
planet is covered by water,
96 percent of it is too salty
to drink.
Removing salt from
seawater is possible, but not
always practical. Conventional
desalination plants that
employ reverse-osmosis
technology, used since the
1960s, are pricey: The new
Carlsbad desalination plant
in California, which outputs
50 million gallons a day, cost
$1 billion to build.
The high price tag makes
traditional desalination
plants unfeasible for many
communities. But now they
have a simpler, cheaper
alternative: the aero-
desalinator, which harnesses
the wind to wring freshwater
from the brine.
HOW IT WORKS:
The aero-desalinator, invented
by engineer Juan Carlos Borrero,
hooks up a windmill to a standard
well. Wind power provides the
pressure necessary to suck the
well’s saltwater through a.
https://bit.ly/BabeSideDoll4u Babeside is a company that specializes in creating handcrafted reborn dolls. These dolls are designed to be incredibly lifelike, with realistic skin tones and hair, and they have become increasingly popular among collectors and those who use them for therapeutic purposes. At Babeside, we believe that our reborn dolls can provide comfort and healing to anyone who needs it.
The Healing Power of Babeside's Handcrafted Creations
Our reborn dolls are more than just beautiful pieces of art - they can also help alleviate stress, anxiety, depression, and other mental health conditions. Studies have shown that holding or cuddling a soft object like a stuffed animal or a reborn doll can release oxytocin, which is often referred to as the "love hormone." This hormone helps us feel calm and relaxed, reducing feelings of stress and anxiety.
In addition to their physical benefits, reborn dolls can also offer emotional support. For many people, having something to care for and nurture can bring a sense of purpose and fulfillment. Reborn dolls can also serve as a reminder of happy memories or loved ones who have passed away.
Welcome to the Program Your Destiny course. In this course, we will be learning the technology of personal transformation, neuroassociative conditioning (NAC) as pioneered by Tony Robbins. NAC is used to deprogram negative neuroassociations that are causing approach avoidance and instead reprogram yourself with positive neuroassociations that lead to being approach automatic. In doing so, you change your destiny, moving towards unlocking the hypersocial self within, the true self free from fear and operating from a place of personal power and love.
1. NAME : FIDHA
CLASS : 9
SUBJECT : SOCIAL SCIENCE
TOPIC : NATURAL DISASTER PROJECT
DATE STARTED : 1ST MAY
DATE ENDED : 15TH MAY
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I fidha of class 9 wish to express my gratitude to my social teacher for her
guidance And assistance throughout this project work. I wish to acknowledge
my parents for their great support and providing me with all the materials. I
thank almighty god for all the blessings and graces and for making this
project successful.
3. INDEX
Introduction
What is flood and causes of flood
Vulnerability atlas
How flood should be prevented
What is roof
Flat roof, advantages and disadvantages
Pitched roof, advantages and disadvantages
Shell roof, advantages and disadvantages
Conclusion and bibliography
4. INTRODUCTION
disaster accident or negligence which
results in substantial loss of life or
human suffering or damage to, and
destruction of, property, or damage
to, or degradation of, environment,
and is of such a nature or magnitude
as to be beyond the coping capacity
of the community of the affected
area. There are two types of disaster
5. WHAT IS FLOOD?
A flood is an overflow of water that
submerges land that is usually dry.
Floods are an area of study in the
discipline of hydrology. They are the
most common and widespread natural
severe weather event. Floods can look
very different because flooding covers
anything from a few inches of water to
several feet. They can also come on
quickly or build gradually.
6. CAUSES OF FLOOD
Heavy Rains
Rivers or Streams Overflows
Lakes and Coastal Flooding
Dam Breakage
Clogged Drainages
7. VULNERABILITY ATLAS –
FLOOD
• 40 million hectors are prone flood.
• 8 million hectors are affected by
flood.
• Brahmapootra and genetic are most
flood prone.
• Northwest regions of rivers –
Krishna, kaveri, and Mahanadi are
other flood areas.
8. HOW FLOOD
SHOULD BE
PREVENTED?
Introduce better flood warning systems
Modify homes and businesses to help them withstand floods
Construct buildings above flood levels
Tackle climate change
Increase spending on flood defenses
Protect wetlands and introduce plant trees strategically
Restore rivers to their natural courses
Introduce water storage areas
Improve soil conditions
Put up more flood barriers
Take action
9. THE FUNCTION OF FLOODPLAIN
floodplains are a natural feature of rivers. They are the
mostly flat land adjacent to the river and form due to the
actions of the river. Rivers erode their own banks and
redeposit the eroded material downstream. Material is
added to the floodplain during floods, a process called
overbank deposition. The material that underlies floodplains
is a mixture of thick layers of sand and thin layers of mud.
During high water events, some of the water is absorbed by
the floodplain, helping to keep the river from overflowing.
The absorbed water can then be returned to the stream
during times of low water. If high water event is large
enough, water will overflow the channel of the river and flow
onto and spread over the floodplain, which slows the flow of
the water. Reduced water flow can help prevent severe
erosion and flooding downstream.
10. WHAT IS ROOF ??
The uppermost part of a
constructed structure is called
roof, provided to protect the
building from rain, wind, snow,
sun etc. It protects human beings,
animals and also materials kept
inside building. The roof should
be strong, stable, weatherproof
and safe against fire and disaster.
11. FLAT ROOF
Flat roofs have a slope from 1
degree to 5 degrees. These roofs are
constructed in the same way as floor
is. The roof acts much in the same
way as a level plate form to support
the load. This roof differs from
intermediate floor in view of top
finish called as ‘Terracing’. This
terracing protects roof from adverse
effects of rain, snow, heat etc.
12. FLAT ROOF
Advantages
it can be used for living purposes.
It is comparatively safer than other types of
roofs.
Its construction and maintenance is
simpler and more economical.
It provides better light, ventilation and
architectural appearance.
the construction of upper floor can be
taken up when desired in minimum time.
It is economical than Pitched roof for
normal residential and official buildings
because false ceiling is required for
thermal comfort.
Disadvantage
It cannot be used for industrial sheds without
using intermediate columns. These roofs are not
suitable where rainfall or snowfall is heavy.
13. PITCHED ROOF
Pitched roofs have a slope of more than 10
degrees to the horizontal Surface. The
most common shape of roof is
symmetrical pitched roof. The slope of
roof varies according to the span, climatic
conditions, types of roof covering etc. In
areas of heavy snowfall, steeper slopes of
1: 1.5 or 1: 1 are provided to reduce
incidence of snow load of roof. Pitched
roofs are generally constructed of wood or
steel. Steel trusses (frames) and rolled steel
sections are used in construction of
pitched roofs.
14. PITCHED ROOF
advantages
More area is covered without any
intermediate columns etc.
There is no leakage problem in
this type of roof.
It gives architectural view to add
beauty nearby area.
The area covered under this roof
is used for conferences and big
gathering
disadvantages
It cannot be used to construct
upper floor.
It has problems of natural light
and ventilation.
It is costly for construction.
15. SHELL ROOF
Shell roofs are made to meet
functional and architectural
requirements. The roofs are provided
in public buildings like libraries,
theatres, recreation centers, factories
or workshops etc. These roofs are
used where large floor areas are
required to be covered without
obstruction from columns.
16. SHELL ROOF
Advantages
More area is covered without any
intermediate columns etc.
There is no leakage problem in this
type of roof.
It gives architectural view to add
beauty nearby area.
The area covered under this roof is
used for conferences and big
gathering.
Disadvantages
It cannot be used to construct
upper floor.
It has problems of natural light
and ventilation.
It is costly for construction
17. CONCLUSION
disaster accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human
suffering or damage. A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is
usually dry. floodplains are a natural feature of rivers. The uppermost part of a
constructed structure is called roof, provided to protect the building from rain,
wind, snow, sun etc. Flat roofs have a slope from 1 degree to 5 degrees. Pitched
roofs have a slope of more than 10 degrees to the horizontal Surface. Shell roofs
are made to meet functional and architectural requirements.
BIBILIOGRAPHY
Sources referred to
• Google
• Pdfs and ppts
