Natrum group (salt)

 Sir Humphry Davy was able to discover
sodium (Na) in the laboratory. In 1807, he
used electrolysis to remove this element
from melted caustic soda. Electrolysis is a
process that uses electric currents to
create chemical changes. Another name for
caustic soda is sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
Although many people were using salt in
the 1800s, it was difficult to extract sodium
from it because this element is active and
reacts easily with other elements. Davy
found it was a metal. Pure sodium can go
up in flames if it comes in contact with
water, so he had to make sure it was in a
moisture-free environment.

Sodium is an alkali metal that is
soft and flammable. In its pure
form, it has a silver-white color.
Most people are familiar with
the compounds that include
this element such as salt and
baking soda. It is an essential
element for animals because it
is part of many body functions.

 The origin of sodium’s name comes
from the English word soda. It is also
linked to sodanum from Medieval
Latin, which refers to a headache
remedy. The symbol for sodium on
the periodic table is Na and comes
from the Latin word natrium, which
means sodium carbonate. Natron is
another reason why sodium has the
symbol of Na. Natron dates back to
ancient Egypt when it was a popular
preservative mineral salt that came
from dry lake beds.


Natrum comes
under 3rd row
and 1st column
in periodic table.

“I have a separate
existence but I have
no separate identity. I
have no capacity to
find my own
nourishment and
care.”

▣ They are completely dependent on their
partner to give themselves identity.
▣ Even in nature, Natrum can not exist
independently and they immediately
unite with some element.
▣ They need lot of love, care and nurturing
from their partner.

▣ They will do whatever their partner
wants, decides and chooses for
them.
▣ The feeling is,
“I don’t know what I am and what I
want, so whatever you say is
acceptable to me.”

 Chemically, table salt consists of two
elements, sodium (Na) and chloride
(Cl). Neither element occurs
separately and free in nature, but are
found bound together as the
compound sodium chloride. Sodium
chloride is often referred to as table
salt, common salt, or just simply salt.
Salt is an essential nutrient and can
give an attractive taste to foods and
feeds.

 Also known as "iodized salt," table salt
has very fine grains and contains
potassium iodide and an anti-caking
agent that helps prevent it from clumping.
Because the anti-caking agent can give
off a metallic taste when used in large
quantities, table salt shouldn't be used in
savory recipes. It can be used when
baking, though, because these types of
recipes typically only call for small
quantities of salt.

 Sodium chloride as opposed to the
natural crystal. It is "chemically
cleaned" and reduced only to sodium
and chloride; dried in high-
temperature kilns that change the
salt's chemical structure. Most table
salt sold for consumption contains a
variety of includes additives, which
address a variety of health concerns,
especially in the developing world.
The amounts of additives vary widely
from country to country.

 Magnesium carbonate or
sodium silicoaluminate are
additives added to table salt to
prevent clumping (anything
with "alum" should be avoided
in the diet as it's been linked to
diseases such as Alzheimer's -
this includes aluminium
cookware, deodorants, and
baking powder).

 Iodized salt, that is -- is
dangerous, too. It's the iodine in
iodized salt that helps the body
make thyroid hormone, which is
critical to an infant's brain
development. Eating common
table salt causes excess fluid in
the tissues which can lead
to gout, kidney stones,
gallbladder stones, arthritis and
rheumatism.

Kosher salt or kitchen salt (also
called cooking salt, flake
salt, rock
salt, kashering salt or kosherin
g salt) is coarse edible
salt without common additives
such as iodine.Typically used in
cooking and not at the table, it
consists mainly of sodium
chloride and may

Sea salt is salt that is produced
by the evaporation of seawater It
is used as a seasoning in
foods, cooking, cosmetics and
for preserving food. It is also
called bay salt, solar salt, or
simply salt. Like mined rock salt,
production of sea salt has been
dated to prehistoric times.

 Harvested from Atlantic tidal ponds off
the coast of France, Celtic sea salt is
also known as sel gris (French for “gray
salt”). Its gray color comes from the
minerals that are left behind when the
sea water evaporates. Use as a finishing
salt on roasted vegetables or grilled
meat or seafood. Light Grey Celtic salt
is a mineral-rich, whole crystal (coarse),
moist salt that is completely unrefined
and hand harvested. Dried by the sun
and the wind, it retains the ocean's
moisture and locks in a vast array of
vital trace elements.

Celtic salt is collected from
sea shores around Brittany
and dried in the sun and
wind. It is grey and moist,
reflecting the mineral content
and capacity to hold water,
and is credited with health
benefits such as lowering
blood pressure.

 Fleur de sel ("flower of salt"
in French; French pronunciation:or flor de
sal (also "flower of
salt“in Portuguese, Spanish and Catalan) is
a salt that forms as a thin, delicate crust on
the surface of seawater as it
evaporates. Fleur de sel has been collected
since ancient times (it was mentioned
by Pliny the Elder in his book Natural
History), and was traditionally used as
a purgative and salve. It is now used as a
finishing salt to flavor and garnish food. The
name comes from the flower-like patterns
of crystals in the salt crust.

 Flake salt refers to a category
of salt characterized by their dry, plate-
like ("lamellose") crystals. Their structure
is a result of differing growth rates
between the faces and edges of the
crystal, an effect that can be achieved in
various ways. Flake salt may occur
naturally but can also be produced by a
variety of methods, including boiling
brine over metal salt pans or evaporating
it in greenhouse solar evaporators.

 The technologies used as well as
atmospheric conditions can yield varying
crystal structures. Flake salts can form
as irregular shavings, pyramidal shapes,
boxes, or potato chip-like laminated
crystals. These salts tend to have lower
trace mineral content than other salts,
giving them a stronger salty taste. Most
form as thin, flattened out crystals with a
large surface area and low mass that
give them a crunchy texture and
relatively fast dissolution rate. Because
of the salts' delicate structures,
selmeliers tend to use them as finishing

 Like sel gris and fleur de sel, flake
salt is harvested from evaporated
sea water—although its shape and
texture are quite different. Light,
thin, and irregularly shaped (often
like pyramids), flake salt has a very
bright taste and low mineral
content. Because of its high price,
it’s best used as a finishing salt. It
is sprinkled on salads or chocolate
chip cookies.

 Alaea salt, sometimes referred to
as Hawaiian red salt, is an
unrefined sea salt that has been mixed
with an iron oxide rich volcanic clay
called ʻalaea, which gives the seasoning
its characteristic brick red color . It is part
of Native Hawaiian cuisine and is used in
traditional dishes such as kalua
pig, poke, and pipikaula (Hawaiian jerky).
It was also traditionally used to cleanse,
purify and bless tools, canoes, homes
and temples. Once exported to
the Pacific Northwest to cure salmon, it
saw a resurgence in popularity late in the
20th century in fusion style cuisine of
Hawaii both on Islands and beyond.

Hawaiian dishes such as
poke and pipikaula.
Although the dominant flavor
or these crystals is pure salt,
sensitive palates may
discern a slightly sweet finish
from the added iron oxide-
rich clay. Ingredients: Sea
salt, red alaea volcanic clay.

 Hawaiian black flake salt is a
combination of sea salt harvested
from the Pacific Ocean surrounding
the remote Hawaiian islands and
activated charcoal derived from
coconut shells. This gives it its distinct
black colour. Black lava salt is black in
color and is simply sea salt that is
blended with activated charcoal. It has
an earthy flavor and usually comes from
Hawaii or Cyprus. You may see it
labeled as Hawaiian Black Salt. It is
usually used at the end of cooking as
a finishing salt.

 Black salt aids in the slight reduction
of blood glucose levels. Small
amounts of black salt will also reduce
elevated blood pressure. There are
significant amounts of potassium in
black salt, which is essential for your
muscles to work properly and helps
ease muscle spasms. The sodium
chloride content, combined with the
trace minerals, work to detoxify and
rejuvenate the skin and help fight
acne, eczema, wrinkles, sun damage
and other blemishes.

 Smoked salt is an
aromatic salt smoked with any number of
select bark free woods for up to 14 days.
The kind of wood used for smoking impacts
the flavor, which can range from subtle to
bold or even sweet. The most common
choices are alder, apple wood,
hickory mesquite, and oak. Infused smoked
salts like smoked bacon chipotle sea
salt are very popular because of their
dynamic flavor profiles.

 Smoked salt is perfect
for enhancing the salinity of a
dish while imparting the smokiness
inherent to burnt wood, and the
flavour unique to different types of
wood. It is perfect for anyone from
meat-eaters who want to beef up a
BBQ, to vegans and vegetarians
looking to add flame-grilled flavour
to a dish.

 HIMALAYAN BLACK SALT: is
also known as kala namak,
sanchal, kala loon or black lava
salt. Naturally derived from
volcanic mines in Northern India
and Pakistan and surrounding
salt lakes, black salt has been a
staple in South Asian diets for
centuries. ... This black salt is all
natural, gluten-free, kosher and
non-GMO.

It is considered a cooling
spice and it is used as a
laxative and to help digestive
problems, poor eyesight and
hysteria. Black salt tends to
have less sodium than table
salt so it can be helpful to
people with high blood
pressure and/or on low-salt
diets.

Pickling salt is a salt that is
used mainly for canning and
manufacturing pickles. It is sodium
chloride as is table salt but unlike
most brands of table salt, it does not
contain iodine or any anti caking
products added. Pickling salt does
not contain iodine. Iodine
kills Lactobacillus present on all
fresh vegetables.

It is necessary for producing Lactic
acid fermentation of all pickled
foods made without vinegar.
Pickling salt is very fine-grained, to
speed up dissolving in water to
create a brine, so it is useful for
solutions needing salt. Used only
for pickling, this coarse salt
contains no iodine, minerals, or
caking agent.

PROPERTIES
 Atomic number of sodium is 11. It is a
cation with one valence electron.
 It is highly unstable when not combined
with an anion.
 Element sodium doesn’t occur naturally on
earth, but quickly oxidizes in air and is
violently reactive with water.

PROPERTI
ES
 Sodium is soluble in water, thus it is
present in great quantities in earth’s oceans
and other stagnant bodies of earth.
 To get stability, Natrum tends to give the
one atom to another element. This shows
their extreme dependency and neediness.

PROPERTI
ES
 Once it forms a bond with any anion, it
becomes difficult to break the bond as the
cation Natrum holds it very tight.
 Similarly, Natrum patient exhibit a strong
need for a one to one relationship.
 Natrum-Passive; Anion-Active

⦁ DAIL
YREQUIREMENT: 1500-2400mg/day
⦁ DISTRIBUTION:Inplasma,extracellularfluid, cerebrospinal
fluid.
⦁ NORMALSERUMSODIUMV
ALUE:136-149mEq/L
⦁ EXCRETION:Chiefly throughurineandpartlythroughsweat
andstool.Dailyexcretion is generallysameasdailyintake.
⦁ IMPORT
ANTSOURCES:Apple,commonsalt,cabbage,egg
yolks,pulses,bananas,cheese,driedpeas,carrot, leafy
vegetables, smokedfish, etc.

⦁ FUNCTIONS:Sodiumhasmarkedrole in heart contraction,
nervoussystem,glucoseabsorption.Otherfunctionsare:
 Osmoregulation
 Enzymeoperations
 Musclecontractions
 Regulationof bodyfluids.
⦁ Excessiveamountofsodiumcanleadto oedema,
hypertension,heartfailure &stomachcarcinoma.

DEFICIENCY
SYMPTOMS
•DIARRHOEA
•VOMITING
•HEADACHE
•WEAKNESS
•LOW BLOOD PRESSURE
•LETHARGY
•WEIGHT LOSS
•CONFUSION
•DIZZINESS
•MUSCULAR IRRITABILITY
•EXHAUSTION
•MENTAL APATHY
•EXCESSIVE
PERSPIRATION
•MUSCULAR CRAMPS

⦁ BENEFITS:
• W
ater balance
• Sunstrokeprevention- asitsheat resisting
• Brainfunction–brainisverysensitivetothe
changein sodiumlevel ofbody;deficiency
mayleadto confusionandlethargy
• Anti-aging–fightswith radicals
which acceleratestheagingprocess

⦁ BENEFITS:
• Elimination of excessiveamount of
Carbon dioxidepresent inthebody
• Maintenanceof acidbasebalance
• Smoothtransportationof nutrient tocell
• Balanceof ions
• Maintenanceof heart contraction

IT IS A METALLIC ELEMENT.
SILVERY WHITE LUSTROUS
ALKALI METAL OF WAX
CONSISTENCY OXIDISING
RARELY IN AIR OR WATER.
THE SALTS OF SODIUM ARE
EXTENSIVELY USED IN
MEDICINE

PERIODIC TABLE GROUP I A
SERIES – 3.
ATOMIC NO : 11
OTHER MEMBERS OF ALKALI
GROUP:
HYDROGEN
LITHIUM
POTASSIUM

 The cation sodium has its
physiological task in water movement
and acid base equilibrium. Its quantity
in body fluids is so great. Its marked
swelling action on colloids, its property
of binding water and the great capacity
of its dissociation of salts makes it
chiefly as the chloride compound the
chemical regulator of water balance. In
the acid base equilibrium it acts in the
first place in the form of carbonates
and to a far less extent in the form of
phosphate.

 THE NEUTRALISATION OF
GASTRIC ACID THROUGH
WEAKLY ALKALINE SODIUM
CARBONATE IS A MASS
CHEMICAL ACTION. LARGE
DOSES OF SODIUM
CARBONATE BEFORE MEALS
WILL PRODUCE A HYPOTONIA
OF STOMACH AND SHALLOW
PERISTALSIS.

 SODIUM INFLUENCES THE OPTIMUM
H+ CONCENTRATION IN DIGESTIVE
PROCESSES. BY THE
DEVELOPMENT OF HCL IN THE
STOMACH A GREAT DEAL OF
SODIUM IS MADE FREE FOR
COMBINATION WITH CARBONATE
AND IS AN ESSENTIAL PARTICIPANT
IN THE PREPARATION OF ALKALINE
INTESTINAL JUICES.

This role of sodium in
digestive processes is a
chemical mass action on
receptive organs. Rectal
administration of sodium
bicarbonate lessens the
gastric acid secretion. Sodium
ion is a physiological
intermediator of chloride
carbonate exchange.

 NACI PROVIDES A SODIUM ION
WHICH IS A CONSTANT
CONSTITUENT OF BLOOD AND
TISSUE FLUIDS IN GENERAL. THE SO
CALLED BUFFER ACTION OF
CARBONATE AGAINST EXCESS ACID
IN BODY FLUIDS REST UPON THE
EASE WITH WHICH CARBON
DIOXIDE IS TAKEN UP OR GIVEN
OFF.

 Sodium serves as an easily
available transporting agent for
decomposition products. The close
connection of sodium to water
regulation can be considered best
in sodium chloride and concerning
intestinal secretion in connection
with sodium sulphate. Small doses
of sodium carbonate increases the
excretion of urea with a
simultaneous reduction in uric acid
output.

 For purely palliative effects of
threatening acidosis large amounts
of sodium carbonate were in use.
But excessive use of alkaline diet
as in forced fruit diuresis and too
excessive use of alkaline water
favours the formation of
inflammatory urate foci.
INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF
SODA SOLUTION IN ANIMALS
GIVES RISE TO PALLOR AND
COMPLETE CESSATION OF
CIRCULATION.

Greek word – Natrium
English – Sodium
French – Carbonate
Tamil – Uppu
Common name : salt

Soft, white metal with silver
luster.
Tetragonal crystalline form.
Dissolves in liquid
ammonia giving intense
blue color.
Soluble in alcohol.

Extracellular : 140 meq/lit
Intracellular : 05 meq/lit
In blood : 160 meq/lit
Plasma : 330 meq/lit
Serum : 136 – 145
meq/lit
Muscle : 60 – 160 mgms
%

 Natrum aceticum
 Natrum acetylosuiphuricum
 Natrum arsenicosum
 Natrum benzoicum
 Natrum biboracicum
 Natrum boracicum
 Natrum bicarbonicum
 Natrum bisulfurosum
 Natrum boricum
 Natrum bromatum

 Natrum cacodylicum
 Natrum carbonicum
 Natrum caustieum
 Natrum chloratum
 Natrum cholemicum
 Natrum chloricum
 Natrum chromicum
 Natrum citricum
 Natrum cyanatum
 Natrum carbonicum

 Natrum formicum
 Natrum flouratum
 Natrum glycocholicum
 Natrum eentisatum
 Natrum glycerophosphoricum
 Natrum gluconicum
 Natrum hypochlorosum
 Natrum hyposulfurosum
 Natrum hexa meta phosphoricum
 Natrum hydroxidum

 Natrum hypophosphoricum
 Natrum iodatum
 Natrum lacticum
 Natrum marinum
 Natrum methyl arsenicum
 Natrum methylate
 Natrum metallicum
 Natrum molybdicum
 Natrum metavanadicum
 Natrum muriaticum

 Natrum nicotinicum
 Natrum nitrosum
 Natrum nitricum
 Natrum oleicum
 Natrum oxaloaceticum
 Natrum oxahcum
 Natrum oxidatum
 Natrum permanganicum
 Natrum propionicum
 Natrum phosphoricum
 Natrum sahcylicum

 Natrum selenicum
 Natnim silicatum
 Natrum silicoflouricum
 Natrum silicicum
 Natrum stanaicum
 Natrum succinicum
 Natrum succinate
 Natrum sulfuratum
 Natrum sulfuronicuni
 Natrum sulfurosum

 Natrum sulphocarbohcum
 Natrum sulphuricum
 Natrum tartaricum
 Natrum taurocholicum
 Natrum telluricum
 Natrum thiocinamuium cyaiiatm
 Natrum valerianicum

 Natrum vanadicum
 Sodnbicarbonas
 Aurum muriaticum natronatum
 Kalium Natrum tartaricum
 Natrummethylarsenicum
 Magnesium arterflacialis

 Water transport in the body
 acid-base equilibrium.
 Action on colloids, capacity of
dissociation of its salts.
 Hydroxide has severe corrosive
action, carbonate has weak
lacerative action on skin &
mucous membrane.
 Alkaline NaHCo3 has neutralizing
action of gastric acid.

Constitution: lean, thin, emaciated,
pale.
 Temperament: bilious and
melancholic.
 Diathesis: Rheumatic and Gouty.
 Miasms : Sycosis & tubercular
 Thermally: Hot ( except Natrum
carb& Natrum sulph)

Salts of soda are
particularly indicated in
complaints that appear
every summer or in
spring. Electrical changes
in atmosphere or direct
rays of sun gives rise to
various complaints.

 Synthesis – Gen-Season -summer agg-
Natmur, Natrum carb, borax
 Spring – Natrum mur, Natrum sulph
 Kent – Gen-Weather-hot weather agg -
Natrum curb, Natrummur ,natrumsulph,
borax
 Thunder storm-Natrum carb, Natrum mur,
Natrum phos
 Head-Sunstroke-Natrumcarb, Natrum mur
 Natmm mur- Great debility in summer,
patient feels as though he would faint when
walking in sun.

 Natrum carb- Great debility caused by
heat of summer,particulariy when the
patient is subjected to chronic head aches
which are worse every time when when he
exposes himself to heat of sun. chronic
effects of sunstroke and now with return of
weather suffers from headaches.
 Natrum selenicum- Intolerence of heat of
sun and extreme weakness when walking
under sun.

GRIEF,
DEPRESSION—MOST
CHARACTERISTIC
FEATURE IS GRIEF.

 THERE IS MUCH GRIEF ABOUT THAT
WHICH THEY HAVE LOST. THEY ARE
GLUM, MELANCHOLIC AND
PESSIMISTIC. THEY FEEL THAT
THINGS WILL NEVER BE RIGHT AGAIN.
THEY GET STUCK IN THE PAST, WHEN
EVERYTHING WAS STILL ALL RIGHT.
THEIR THOUGHTS KEEP GOING BACK
TO THAT TIME. SOMETIMES THEY CAN
CRY ABOUT IT, BUT THEY WILL NOT
SHOW THAT.THEY CRY WHEN ALONE
NOT IN FRONT OF OTHERS.
CHANGEABILITY OF MOODS.

Closed- they keep their
problems inside, never talk
about it. They carry their secret
grief & hide it from the outside
world. They are having the
feeling that they have to carry
the burden of their grief by
their own. They cannot expect
any help from outside world

Pessimistic- Looks on dark
side of everything, they have
lost all the faith that all things
could become alright
againalso having the feeling
that they are forbidden to be
happy, not allowed to
experience this.

 SENSITIVE – VERY SENSITIVE &
VERY VULNERABLE. EASILY
AFFECTED BY ANYTHING, EASILY
FRIGHTENED, UNEXPECTED THING
COULD EASILY HURT THEM. THERE
IS ALSO A SENSITIVITY TO MUSIC,
ESPECIALLY SOFT, CLASSICAL
MUSIC. WITH THIS MUSIC THEY CAN
LET THEMSELVES BE CARRIED
AWAY IN THEIR MELANCHOLIC
MOOD. OVERSENSITIVE TO NOISES

Reserved & introverted-
inclination to withdraw,
but want to hold on. So
they attached to certain
things or memories of
the past.

 ANXIOUS- ANXIETY OF KEEPING
BALANCE OR HARMONY, THIS MEANS
MAINTANENECE OF RELATIONSHIPS.
NATRUM PATIENT DOES NOT WANT
TOO MANY RELATIONSHIP, KEEP ONE &
DEPENDENT ONLY ON ONE
RELATIONSHIP, WITHOUT WHICH SHE
FEELS ISOLATED AND THEREFORE
VERY INSECURE. THIS TREMENDOUS
NEED AND DEPENDENCE ON
RELATIONSHIP THAT MAKES NATRUM
PATIENT VERY VULNERABLE TO HURT.

FEAR- becoz of this
vulnerability natrum
people develop a fear
of people, & tries to
avoid contact and on
other hand. She has
fear of being alone.

Dwell on past occurrences
Emotional – very emotional
can’t forget if they have been
hurt. Very emotional
concerning relationships
HYPOCHONDRIACS

Sadness
depression and
melancholia
and anxiety.

 There is weeping tendency which is
aggravated by consolation.
Mind – Sadness
Mind – Weeping-Natrum ars, Natrum carb,
Natrum mur, Natrum phos,Natrum sulph,
Natrum sil
 Mind-anxiety-Natrum ars, Natrum carb,
Natrum mur, Natrum phos, Natrum sulph,
borax

 Borax- Great anxiety from downward motion.
When laying the child down on a couch or a
crib it cries and clings to the nurse. Anxiety
when going downstairs or rapidly down hill,
horse back riding etc.
 Natrum ars- depressed as if something
impending cannot concentrate.
 Natrum sal- depression
 Natrum brom’- sadness and melancholia
 Natrum carb- sadness and discouragement
with tears about future
 Natrum hypochlorosum- distressed laughs
and cries .talks in sleep.

 Natrum mur- sadness which induces
recurrences of unpleasant recollections and
much weeping aggravated by consolation.
 Natrum nitricum- Great ill humour and
indolence.
 Natrum phos- despondent, could not study
fears bad news
 Natrum sulph- melancholy with periodical
attacks of mania. Sadness and inclined to
weep. Satiety of life, must use much self
control to prevent himself shooting- Mental
effects of injury to head. Melancholy and
lachrymation especially after hearing music.
 Natrum salicylicum- weariness and
depression.

Looks on the dark
side of
every thing,Pessmssti
c. -Natrum mur

Changeablity of
moods
Mind -moods-changeable-
Natrum carb, Natrum mur
Borax-laughter alternates with
weeping.

 Mind- sensitive-noise-borax,Natrum ars,
Natrum. carb, Natrum mur, Natrum phos,
Natrum sulph, Natrum sil
Borax- exessively nervous,easily
frightened by the slightest noise or an
unusually sharp sound, a cough, sneeze,
cry, lightening amatch etc.violent
frightfrom report ofagun even from
adistance. Fear of thunder storm,
sensitive to slightest noise, not much
disturbed by louder ones.
Natrum carb- Great sensitivity to noise,
Natrum mur- sensitive especially to
music, tingling ,rumbling& humming in

 Mind- Music agg-Natruim carb, Natrum
phos, Natrum sulph c Amel-Natrum mur
Natrum carb* Anxiety restlessness and
apprehension are made worse by music
hence music is deserted.
Natrum mur- music and noise are
intolerable.
Natrum sulph-sadness aggravated by
music. Lively music makes her sad use
much self control to prevent shooting
himself.

 Mind – hypochondriasis—Natrum carb,
Natrum mur
Natrum carb- hypochondriasis
^depressed and easily irritable. This is
seen especially after a meal particularly
after dinner which is usually the heavy
meal. This degree of hypochondriasis
decreases with the degree of digestion ,
when food passes from stomach to
duodenum this hypochondriac mood
lessens and continues to do so as food
goes further down in to the bowels.
Natrum mur- hypochondriasis mood
increases with the degree of

 Gen -Periodicity- Natrum ars, Natrum
carb, Natrum mur, Natrum nit,
Natrumsulph.
 Natrum carb- aggravation from 10-11 am,
weakness and goneness in the stomach.
Sinking sensation more at 10-11 am.
 Natrum mur- aggravation 10-11 am,
every year, alternate days, head ache
periodical every day, or every 3rd day,
aggravation sunrise to sunset.

Aversion to bread
Natrum mur
Natrum sulph
Natrum phos

AFFECTIONS OF
BLOOD –
ANAEMIA,
LEUKEMIA,
HAEMORRHAGE

PERIODICITY OF
COMPLAINTS : 10 – 11 AM-
ALL COMPLAINTS ARISE
EVERY SUMMER, IN HOT
WEATHER, ELECTRIC
CHANGES IN ATMOSPHERE
OR DIRECT SUNRAYS GIVE
RISE TO VARIOUS AILMENTS

 Emaciation .-All Natrums stimulate
cellular activity and increases oxidation
and metabolism. These lead to
increased conception of oxygen and
increased appetite but he loses flesh
while living well.
Gen- Emaciation-Borax, Natrum ars,
Natrum carb, Natrum hypochi,Natrum
mur, Natrum nit, Natrum phos, Natrum
sul, Natrum sil
Natrum mur- Great emaciation Joses
flesh while living well,throat and neck of
children emaciates rapidlyduring summer
complaints. Emaciation more of body

 Gen- Emaciation-Borax, Natrum ars,
Natrum carb, Natrum hypochi,Natrum
mur, Natrum nit, Natrum phos, Natrum
sul, Natrum sil
Natrum mur- Great emaciation Joses
flesh while living well,throat and neck of
children emaciates rapidlyduring summer
complaints. Emaciation more of body
than of face.
Natrum hypochlorosum- rapid
emaciation.
Natrum ars- Marked emaciation after
previous increase of flesh.

Craving for salt- prolonged
intake causes profound
nutritive changes in various
systems. There arises
symptoms of salt retention as
evidenced by dropsy and
edema
 CRAVING- SALT, FISH,
FARINACEOUS FOOD, MILK
AVERSION- BREAD

NATRUM MUR-ABNORMAL
SENSATION OF HAIR ON
TONGUE. TONGUE MAPPED
WITH RED INSULAR PATCHES
LIKE RING WORM ON
TONGUE ESPECIALLY ON
SIDES, (ARS. LACH, MERE, NIT
AC, TARAX). GEOGRAPHICAL
TONGUE, CLEAN SHINING
TONGUE WITH FROTH ON
SIDES.

 NATRUM SULPH- DIRTY GREENISH
OR BROWN COATING ON TONGUE,
COVERED WITH MUCOUS. SLIMY
TASTE,
NATRUM PHOS- GOLDEN YELLOW
OR CREAMY COATING ON BASE OF
TONGUE OR EVEN UPTO THE ROOF
OF MOUTH. SENSATION OF HAIR ON
TIP OF TONGUE. SOMETIMES DRY
BROWN CENTRE.
NATRUM NITROSUM- HEAVILY
COATED TONGUE.

NATRUM CARB- AFFECTIONS OF UNDER
SURFACE AND FRENUM- SO HEAVY THAT
THE PATIENT HAS DIFFICULTY IN
SPEAKING,
NATRUM HYPOCHLOROSUM- TONGUE
WHITE SHRIVELLED AT SIDES, TASTE AS
AFTER SUCKING ALUM. TONGUE FURRED
IN MORNING APTHAE ON SIDES OF
TONGUE.
NATRUM ARSENICOSUM-TONGUE
FURRED COATED YELLOW, DEEP RED
CORRUGATED ANTERIOR PART
FISSURED, TONGUE LARGE MOIST AND
FLABBY.
EASY SPRAINING OF ANKLE OR

GLANDULAR
AFFECTIONS –
ESPECIALLY
THYROID

 Ext .Throat- Goitre-Natrum mur,
Natrum. carb, Natrum. pkos,
Natrum sulph,Natrum nitricum-
Exopthalmic goitre.
 Natrum arsenicum- Tonsils fauces
and pharynx are edematous.
 Natrum carb- Swelling and
indurations of glands. Goiter and
swelling of sub maxillary glands.
 Natrum mur- exopthalmic goitre.

 NATRUM ARS- ULCERS IN MOUTH
WHICH ARE VERY SORE.
NATRUM CARB- PIMPLES ON TIP OF
TONGUE. TENSIVE BLISTERS ON
RIGHT MARGINS OF TONGUE.
PAPULAR ERUPTIONS BENEATH THE
TONGUE. PUSTULES AND ULCERS ON
THE FRENUM,
NATRUM HYPOCHLOROSUM-APTHAE
AND SORE PIMPLES INSIDE THE LIPS,
NATRUM MUR—HERPES LABIALIS
BLISTERS LIKE PEARLS ABOUT THE
LIPS.

 NATRUM SULPH—BURNING
BLISTERS ON TIP OF TONGUE AND
ON PALATE.
BORAX -APHTHAE WHITE FUNGUS
LIKE GROWTH, MOUTH HOT AND
TENDER, ULCERS BLEEDS ON
EATING OR ON TOUCH.
NATRUM CHLORATUM—SORE AND
IRRITABLE, SPOTS ALONG SIDES OF
TONGUE AND THROAT.
GUMS SORE SWOLLEN WITH
APTHOUS ULCERATION.

 NATRUM MUR- ECZEMA RAW RED
AND INFLAMMED ALONG THE EDGES
OF HAIR. AGGRAVATED AFTER
EATING TOO MUCH SALT OR AFTER
OCEAN VOYAGE OR WHEN AT SEA
SHORE.URTICARIA ACUTE OR
CHRONIC OVER THE WHOLE BODY
ESPECIALLY AFTER VIOLENT
EXERCISE. ( APIS» CALC, HEP,
SANIC, URT), FACE OILY AND SHINY
AS IF GREASED. HERPES ON
BORDERS OF HAIR AND ON NAPE OF
NECK. WARTS ON PALMS, CORNS
AND HANG NAILS,

 Natrum carb- eczema with
particular affinity to dorsum of
bands. Skin becomes rough dry
and chapped. Shoe bite and march
past ulcer on heels. Icthyosis and
herpes circinatus. Complaints from
using alkali soap. Warts and other
scrofulous conditons of skin.
.
Natrum cacodylicum-dry dermatitis
of skin of abdomen.

 BORAX - PSORIASIS AND APTHAE ON
MUCOCUTANEOUS JUNCTION. TIPS OF
HAIR SPLITS EASILY. HAIR TANGLES
EASILY. PLICA POLONICA. PRURITUS OF
VULVA AND ECZEMA. ECZEMA OF TOES
AND FINGER JOINTS. ITCHING OF BACK
OF FINGER JOINTS.
NATRUM HYPOCHLOROSUM - ECZEMA
OF SCALP AND BEHIND EARS
NATRUM ARSENICOSUM-PITYRIASIS
RUBRA. WENS ON BOTTOM OF EACH
LITTLE TOE.
ITCHING AGGRAVATION WHEN IN WARM
AND FROM EXERCISE. PSORIASIS.

Natrum phos- itching in
various parts especially of
ankles. Eczema with honey
coloured secretion.
Natrum sulph- Itching while
undressing. Jaundiced
,watery blisters. Warts like
red lumps all over Skin
eruptions appear every
spring,

CATARRHAL
COMPLAINTS AND
AFFECTIONS OF
MUCOUS
MEMBRANES

 NATRUM MUR- RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM IS MAINLY AFFECTED
BEGINNING FROM RHINITIS
AND EVEN WHOOPING
COUGH. IN GIT IT PRODUCES
DRYNESS OF MUCOUS
MEMBRANES LEADING TO
CONSTIPATION. TEARS
STREAM DOWN HIS FACE
WHENEVER HE COUGHS.

 NATRUM CARB- GIT AND
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ARE
AFFECTED. PURULENT DISCHARGES
WHICH ARE GREENISH AND YELLOW.
POST NASAL DISCHARGE
OFFENSIVE WITH MOULDY SMELL.
MAIN CAUSE OF CATARRH IN GIT
HERE IS INTAKE OF MILK,
VEGETABLES, OR STARCHY FOODS.
MANIFESTED AS DIARRHOEA AND
FLATULENCE. CATARRH OF
GENITOURINARY TRACT
MANIFESTED AS EXCESSIVE
DISCHARGE FROM VAGINA AFTER AN
EMBRACE CAUSING STERILITY.

NATRUM SULPH- CATARRH
OF RESPIRATORY TRACT.
CATCHES COLD EASILY.-
BRONCHIAL ASTHMA.
EXPECTORATION
PURULENT GREENISH OR
YELLOW. DIRTY COATING
ON TONGUE.
PROFUSE SPUTUM WHICH
IS PURULENT.

LARYNGEAL
AFFECTIONS AND
LARYNGEO TRACHEO
BRONCHITIS

 Natrum nitricum- indicated in
laryngeotracheo bronchitis or croup
and in all inflammations.
Natrum selenicum- laryngeal pthisis
with expectoration of small lumps of
bloody mucous with slight
hoarseness. Frequent clearing of
throat. Chroniclaryngitis, laryngeal
pthisis and hoarseness of singers-
Natrum iodatum- chronic laryngitis.

 Natrum mur- Tea’s stream down the face while
coughing. Dyspnoea when going near sea or salt
in any form may aggravate the dyspnoea.
 Natrum arsenicosum- -cough with greenish
expectoration. Miners asthma.
 Oppression of the chest about the heart. Lung
feels as though smoke has been inhaled.
 Natrum iodatum – component of nasal sprays for
hay fever.
 Natrum salicylicum-dyspnoea, patient is compelled
to assume a half sitting posture. Breathes with
great difficulty. Gasps like fish out of water.
 Natrum nitricum-asthmawith urine supersaturated
with solids.

Gen – anemia -bor*nat ars, nat
carb nat m, nat nit, nat pho, nat
sulph.
Gen – leukemia nat ars,nat mu,
nat nit, nat sulph.
Gen – haemorrhage-nat carb,
nat mur , nat nit, nat sul, nat sil,
bor.

 Natrum mur-aneamic and cachetic
individuals either from loss of vital fluids or
due to profuse menses. Head ache of
aneamic school girls- Anemia due to
menorrhagia or metrorrhagia- Even menses
can be too profuse. Sometimes subsequent
to aneamia patient develops amenorrhoea.
It also produces leucocytosis.
 Natrum carb- aneamic and emaciated
individuals with blue rings around the eyes.
 Natrum bromatum-aneamia after
haemorrhage.
 Natrum cacodylicum- aneamia especially in
malignancies. Increases the number of RBC

 Natrum silicicum—
haemophilia. Natrum iodatum-
inflammation of blood vessels especially
arteries aid arteriosclerosis.
 Natrum nitricum haemorrhagic tendency,
haemoptysis haematuria,haemorrhagic
variola and haemorrhage from mucous
memberanes particularly nose. Very
good remedy for epistaxis or nose bleed
especially at puberty. It is called as
rademachers aconite. Haemoglobinuria,
influenza, anemia

 Natrum nitrosum- blood becomes
colour of cherry red juice, WBC
increased ,RBC diminished
watery constituents increased.
 Natrum salicylicum- epistaxis
retinal haemorrhage and
albuminuric retinitis with
hemorrhage
 Natrum hypochlorosum- tendency
to leucocytosis.

Easy spraining of
ankle joints or easy
dislocation of
ankles.

 Natrum carb- easy spraining and
dislocation of ankles (led). So weak
that it gives away foot bends as
under, (carbo animalis, Natrum mur).
 Natrum hypochlorosum -extreme
weakness in ankles and knees.
 Natrum lacticum- great weakness of
lower limbs analogous to anxietas
tibiarum after great physical
exercise.

 Natrum mur- Paralytic weakness
of legs especially joints of foot.
 Natrum phos- much itching at
ankle Joint even an eczematous
erruption.
 Natrum sulph- tearing and
drawing in legs especially in
tendoachilles.
 Natrum chloratum- extreme
weakness in ankles and knees

 NATRUM SILICICUM SCROFULOUS
BONE AFFECTIONS.
 NATRUM SILICOFLOURICUM
 DESTRUCTIVE ACTION ON BONES
PRODUCING CARIES. SO IT IS CALLED
BONE SCRAPER IN CASE OF CARIES.

Affections
of knees
and
hamstrings.

 Natrum joint pains, Joints feel stiff,
aching anteriorly down the legs. Knee
joints crack, shaking in tibia when
walking. Pain in anterior crural nerves.
 Natrum carb- Hollow of knee is painful
on motion. Tension in bends of knees
 muscles fee las if short. Great
heaviness in legs and contraction of
hamstrings.
 Natrum chloratum- Extreme weakness
in ankles and knees.

 Natrum mur- arms and legs but
especially the knees feel weak. Painful
contraction of hamstrings. Cracking in
joints on motion. Drawing pain in
thighs knees and legs. Pain as if
knees and ankles are sprained.
Tension in bends of limbs and
sensation as if tendons were
shortened- Wrenching pains of knees.
Painful contraction of hamstrings.
Tetters in hamstrings.
 Natrum. nitricum- Aching contusive
pain in joints and adductors of thigh.

 Natrum phos- Sudden giving way of
legs while walking as though they will
be paralysed. Hamstrings stiff. Sharp
shooting pains in front of the left thigh.
Knees feel as if tendons were
shortened. When walking calf feels
pulled tight.
 Natrum sulph- legs and thighs feel
weary and exhausted.
 Rheumatism and gout-tendency for
deposition of chaffy stows in joints.
 Natrum bromatuni- Arthritis deformans

 Natrum iodatum- Incipient rheumatic
endocarditis and rheumatism.
 Natrum lacticum- Gouty or rheumatic
concretions or chalk stones in fingers,
rheumatoid pains. Diabates meilitus
with rheumatic complaints.
 Natrum sulph- gout and pain in limbs
compels frequent change of posture.
 Ulcerative pain around heels and
soles, podagra.

Natrum salicylicum- joint pains
of gout and rheumatism,
Periosteal rheumatim and
chronic gout.
Natrum phos- Acute articular
rheumatism and gout.
Natrum nitricum - Acute
rheumatism and heart
affections.

 GENITALIA FEMALE- STERILITY—
BORAX, NATRUM CARB, NATRUM MUR,
NATRUM PHOS
NATRUM CARB- DISCHARGE OF
MUCOUS FROM VAGINA AFTER AN
EMBRACE CAUSING STERILITY.
BORAX- STERILITY , FAVOURS EASY
CONCEPTION.
NATRUM MUR- STERILITY WITH TOO
EARLY AND TOO PROFUSE
MENSTRUATION.
NATRUM PHOS- STERILITY WITH ACID
SECRETION FROM VAGINA

 NATRUM CHLORATUM- FEELS AS IF
UTERUS WERE PUSHED UP ON
SITTING. VIOLENT MENORRHAGIA ,
LEUCORRHOEA AND BACKACHE.
PASSIVE BEARING DOWN
SENSATION FROM HEAVY
CONDITION OF UTERUS. WOMB
HEAVY SODDEN WITH TENDENCY TO
PROLEPSES. SUB INVOLUTION OF
UTERUS.

 AURUM MURIATICUM
NATRONATUM- INDURATIONS OF
OVARY. INDURATIONS OF ONE
PART AND SOFTENING OF
ANOTHER PART OF UTERUS.
CORROSIVE LEUCORRHOEA WITH
PUSTULES ON GENITALS.
SCHIRRUS CARCINOMA OF
BREAST AND UTERUS. ULCERS
WITH INDURATION.
SUB ACUTE METRITIS AND
STERILITY FROM OVARIAN
DISORDERS.

 NATRUM HYPOCHLOROSUM- WATER
LOGGED UTERUS. UTERUS FEELS HEAVY.
PAINS LOW DOWN IN PELVIC REGION.
TENDENCY TO PROLAPSE ,
SUBINVOLUTION OF UTERUS
AFTERLABOUR. TONGUE SWOLLEN AND
SHRIVELED AT SIDES. GLOBUS
HYSTERICUS AGGRAVATED AFTER EATING
AND WHILE TAKING COLD WATER AND
BEFORE MENSES. DIFFUSE HYDROGENOID
CONSTITUTION. WEIGHT OF UTERUS
INCREASED LEADING TO PROLAPSE.
HYDREAMIA MORE MARKED IN UTERUS.
WHILE SITTING PATIENT FEELS AS IF
UTERUS WERE PUSHED UP.. SENSATION
OF SHUTTING AND OPENING OF UTERUS.

Natrum mur- Prolapse of
uterus with cutting in
urethra. Bearing down pains
aggravation morning. Must
sit down to prevent
prolapse.
Natrum carb- bearing down
sensation as if every thing
would come out. <sitting
>moving about.

RESPIRATORY
COMPLAINTS
AND ASTHMA

 RESP - ASTHMATIC-NATRUM ARS,
NATRUM CARB, NATRUM PHOS,
NATRUM SULPH
 RESP - DIFFICULT-NATRUM ARS,
NATRUM CARB, NATRUM MUR,
NATRUM PHOS, NATRUM SULPH

 NATRUM SULPH- BREATHING DIFFICULTY MOST
NOTICEABLE ON A DAMP OR CLOUDY DAY.
COPIOUS GREEN EXPECTORATION OFFENSIVE
BREATH AND HARSH ASTHMATIC BREATHING
AUDIBLE EVEN AT SOME DISTANCE. ASTHMA IS
ASSOCIATED WITH LOOSENESS OF BOWELS.
HUMID ASTHMA OF CHILDREN WITH EVERY
CHANGE TO WET WEATHER. ASTHMA WITH
EVERY FRESH COLD AND DAMP RAINY
WEATHER. SYCOTIC PNEUMONIA AFFECTING
LOWER LOBE OF LEFT LUNG. GREAT SORENESS
OF CHEST.DURING COUGH HAS TO SIT UP IN BED
AND HOLDS CHEST WITH BOTH HANDS.
HYDROGENOID CONSTITUTION. CATCHES COLD
EASILY. BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AGGRAVATED AT 4-
5AM..

 NATRUM MUR-DYSPNOEA WHEN
GOING NEAR SEA OR SALT IN ANY
FORM MAY AGGRAVATE THE
DYSPNOEA.
NATRUM ARSENICOSUM- -COUGH
WITH GREENISH EXPECTORATION.
MINERS ASTHMA.
OPPRESSION OF THE CHEST ABOUT
THE HEART. LUNG FEELS AS THOUGH
SMOKE HAS BEEN INHALED.

Natrum salicylicum-
dyspnoea, patient is
compelled to assume a half
sitting posture. Breathes
with great difficulty. Gasps
like fish out of water.
Natrum nitricum-
asthmawith urine
supersaturated with solids.

-< SUN, HEAT, 10
OR11AM, LYING
ON LEFT SIDE,
MILK,MUSIC ,
SEASHORE.

> AT NIGHT ,
OPEN AIR,
COLD BATHING,
DRY WEATHER

Natrum group (salt)

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