This document summarizes various diseases that can affect the nasal passages. It discusses the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment for conditions like sinusitis, nasal polyposis, deviated septum, rhinosporidiosis, atrophic rhinitis, and mucormycosis (black fungus). It also notes that COVID-19 can enter the body through the nose and hide in the paranasal sinuses for 3-4 days before moving to the lungs. Nasal aspergillosis has been rising among COVID-19 patients.

1. Diseases
of
NASAL PASSAGE
By- Subhangi Shukla
RB200058270016
M.Sc Zoology II sem
R.G.P.G.College Meerut

2. 1. Sinusitis (Sinus Infection)
Symptoms
• Discomfort in the
nasopharynx
• Headache
• Facial pain
• Runny nose
• Nasal congestion.
A condition in which the cavities around the nasal passages
becomes inflamed.

3. Diagnosis
• Posture test
• Transillumination test
• Radiograph
• CT scan
• Smear culture and antibiotic
sensitivity
• Endoscopy of the nose and
paranasal sinuses
Treatment
• Antibiotics
• Decongestants (medication
that reduce nasal tissue
swelling)
• Analgesics
• Antihistamines (medication
that help prevent allergy)
• Steam inhalation

4. Nasal Polyposis
Symptoms
• Multiple polyp.
• Nasal stuffiness leading to nasal
obstruction.
• Partial or total loss of smell
• Headache
• Sneezing/watery nasal discharge
• Mass protruding from nostrils
Nasal polyps are soft, painless, noncancerous growths on the lining of nasal
passages or sinuses.They hang down like teardrops or grapes.They result from
chronic inflammation and are associated with asthma, recurring infection,
allergies, drug sensitivity or certain immune disorders.

5. Diagnosis
• Clinical examination
• CT scan of paranasal sinuses
• Histological examination
– especially in people >40 years
Treatment
• Antihistaminics & control of
allergy
– may revert early polypoidal
changes with oedematous
mucosa to normal
• Short course steroids
– in people who cannot tolerate
antihistaminics or with asthma
• SURGICAL (Polypectomy,
Intranasal ethmoidectomy,
Extranasal ethmoidectomy,
Transantral ethmoidectomy,
Endoscopic sinus surgery)

6. Deviated Septum
Symptoms
• Nosebleeds
• Facial pain
• Headache
• Postnasal drip
• Loud breathing and snoring
during sleep
A deviated septum is a condition in which the nasal septum -- the bone and
cartilage that divide the nasal cavity of the nose in half -- is significantly off center,
or crooked, making breathing difficult.

7. Diagnosis
• Medical history
• Physical examine
• CT Scan
• Fibre Optic Nasal Endoscopy
Treatment
• Decongestants (medication that reduce nasal tissue
swelling).
• Antihistamines (medication that help prevent allergy).
• Nasal steroid sprays.
• Surgical repair (septoplasty).
• Reshaping your nose (rhinoplasty).

8. Rhinosporidiosis
Symptoms
• Nasal Obstruction
• Nasal discharge
• Itching
• Foreign body sensation
It is a chronic granulomatous fungal disease of the nose caused
by Rhinosporidium seeberi/ Kinealyi .

9. Diagnosis
•By identifying the typical
structures of R.
seeberi directly on
microscopic examination.
•Examination of smears of
macerated tissue or
histology of prepared
biopsy sample sections.
Treatment
•Wide excision of the mass
along with basal cautery.
•Dapsone 100 mg daily to
prevent recurrence (arrest
the maturation of spores)

10. Atrophic rhinitis
Symptoms
• Nasal obstruction.
• Sinusitis.
• Odour.
• Nosebleeds.
• Crusting from inside the
nose.
• Loss of smell.
• Nasal deformity.
AR is a condition that affects the interior of your nose. The condition occurs when
the tissue that lines the nose, known as the mucosa, and the bone underneath
shrink down. This shrinking down is known as atrophy. It can lead to changes in
function of the nasal passages.

11. Diagnosis
• Gluey, dry, greenish-yellow secretion and crusts
• Wide nasal cavity and very small turbinates
• Foul-smelling crusts
Treatment
• Saline nasal spray
• Nasal irrigation
• Antibiotics
• Nutritional
supplements

12. After ‘Black Fungus’, Nasal Aspergillosis is seen rising
among Covid-19 patients
In Covid-19 patients Corona virus enters into the human
body through Nose. But this Corona virus is hidden
behind the Paranasal sinus of your nose for 3 to 4 days.
After 4 to 5 days it reaches to the lungs and troubles in
breathing.
Effect of Covid-19 on
Nasal Passage

13. Nasal Aspergillosis
Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment
Pain in chest and bones Blood tests to check for
antibodies, allergens, and
fungus molecules
Antifungal Medication
Pneumonia Chest X-ray Surgery
Blood in urine CT scan
Vision difficulties A sputum stain and culture to
examine your bronchial mucus
Headaches
Difficulty in breathing,
Cough with sputum
production
Blood in sputum

14. Additional topic
Mucormycosis (Black Fungus)
• Mucormycosis is a type of fungal infection. Formally known as zygomycosis, this
infection tends to occur most often if you have weakened immunity from an illness or
health condition.
• It’s important to get treatment. If left untreated, mucormycosis can be fatal.
• This fungus feeds on sugar thus Diabetic patients are at high risk.
Medicines like –
Amphotecrin B
and Liposomal

15. ThankYOU
By- Subhangi Shukla
RB200058270016
M.Sc II sem