NASA, established in 1958, oversees civilian space programs, aeronautics, and aerospace research, having conducted over 1000 unmanned missions. Major accomplishments include the Apollo moon landings and ongoing exploration of Mars and the International Space Station. NASA also contributes to technological advancements and has been involved in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic through the development of medical equipment.

2. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASA was founded in 1958, being the successor of NACA, and is
responsible for:
• Civilian space program
• Aeronautics
• Aerospace research

3. Unmanned programs
Since its creation, NASA has conducted more than 1000 unmanned
missions, the most important ones being:
• Explorer program (It was the first US artificial satellite)
• Pioneer program (Consisted in space probes that have long left our solar system and carry
information about humans)
• Mariner program (It took the first picture taken on Mars)
• Lunar Orbiter programs (They spotted landing sites for the Apollo missions)
• Voyager program (2 probes which studied the gas giants of our system. They also carry
information about humans, should they meet any extraterrestrial life)
• Mars Exploration Rovers (They are rovers that are currently on Mars, gathering information about
the “red planet”)

4. Manned Programs
 X-15 rocket plane
 Project Mercury
 Project Gemini
 Apollo Program
 Skylab
 Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
 Space Shuttle Program
 International Space Station

5. The Apollo Program
(1961-1972)
Throughout these programs, mankind has achieved its greatest
accomplishment on 24th of July 1969 with the successful landing of Neil
Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the Moon.
6 crews successfully landed on the moon: Apollo 11, Apollo 12, Apollo
14, Apollo 15, Apollo 16, Apollo 17.

6. International Space Station
• The ISS is located in the low orbit of Earth and serves as a micro-
gravity and space environment research laboratory in which crew
members conduct experiments in:
 Astrobiology
 Human biology and space medicine
 Physics
 Astronomy
 Meteorology
 Materials science

7. NASA’s most powerful telescopes
 Hubble Space Telescope
 Spitzer Space Telescope
 Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope
 James Webb Space Telescope

8. Hubble’s contribution
 The age of the universe (13.8 billion years old)
 Dark energy (causes the expansion of the Universe)
 Galaxies in all stages of evolution, from nursery galaxies to dying ones
 Gamma ray bursts which occur when massive stars collide
 Black holes
 Extrasolar planets
 Collision images
 Accurate measurement of the Hubble constant

9. How does a telescope work?
Telescope are basically time
machines because when looking
at an object we see it not as it is
right now, but as it was at the
time that its light has travelled
across the Universe to us.
If the Sun was to suddenly
disappear, we would notice it
only after 8 minutes (the time
needed for its light to travel to us)

10. The fight against the Novel Coronavirus
NASA, as it has always done, helped scientists fight world’s problems. In
the past few months they have developed new technologies for the
fight against the Covid-19 virus:
• VITAL Ventilator
• Aerospace Valley Positive Pressure Helmets
• AMBUStat
The first 2 devices save the more performant ventilators for people in
critical condition and the latter one purifies the air.

11. Things we are thankful to NASA for
• GPS
• Accurate weather
predictions
• Solar cells
• Sunglasses
• Ultraviolet lens
• Cameras

12. Future missions
 The Mars 2020 rover which will collect samples and will seek for
signs of life and habitable conditions
 Sending humans to Moon and Mars
 Sending humans into deep space
 Transforming aviation by developing advanced technology planes
 Space Tech
 Improving Earth’s environment condition

13. Bibliography
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA
• https://www.nasa.gov/about/whats_next.html
• https://www.space.com/17-amazing-hubble-discoveries.html