High voltage generator that used for nanosecond pulsed electric fields purposes

1. Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields
(nsPEFs) Low Cost Generator Design using
Power MOSFET and Cockcroft-Walton
Multiplier Circuit as High Voltage DC
Source
Muhammad Yangki Sulaeman and Rena Widita
Department of Physics, Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Research Group
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia

2. OUTLINE

3. Introduction Methodology

4. Result and Discussion Conclusion and Future
Works

5. INTRODUCTION

7. 7.6 million people worldwide
died from cancer in 2008

8. 70% of cancer death occurs in
low- and middle-income
countries

9. Estimated 170-190 new cancer
cases annually for each 100.000
people in Indonesia

12. Ionizing
Radiation Therapy

14. Non-ionizing
Radiation Therapy?

15. Membrane cell

16. Applied pulsed electric field

17. Pore formation in membrane cell

18. Introduce genes or anti-cancer drugs to cancer cell

19. Trigger apoptosis or necrosis to cancer cell

21. Commercial available high voltage
pulsed generator

22. Commercial available high voltage
pulsed generator

23. Objective of the main research
Build nanosecond pulsed electric field
(nsPEFs) low cost generator
Simulate the electroporation mechanism in
animal cells (unfinished work)(unfinished work)

24. Objective of the main research
Build nanosecond pulsed electric field
(nsPEFs) low cost generator
Simulate the electroporation mechanism in
animal cells (unfinished work)(unfinished work)

25. METHODOLOGY

27. Simulate prototype schematic using NI
MULTISIM 12
Build the prototype based on simulating
result

28. Simulate prototype schematic using NI
MULTISIM 12

29. Low Voltage Pulsed
Generator
Driver MOSFET
Power MOSFET
High Voltage
Generator

30. Schematic of High Voltage Generator using Cockcroft-Walton multiplier
HV_output generates high voltage, 1.5 kV

31. Low Voltage Pulsed
Generator
Driver MOSFET
Power MOSFET
High Voltage
Generator

32. Schematic of Schmitt trigger to trigger driver MOSFET using different form
of 5 volt pulses in OUTPUT_1 and OUTPUT_2

33. Non-inverting amplifier to amplify the two outputs voltage from Schmitt
trigger.
Output voltages from OUT_1 and OUT_2 is around 15 volts.

34. Low Voltage Pulsed
Generator
Driver MOSFET
Power MOSFET
High Voltage
Generator

35. Driver MOSFET for trigger the fast switching in power MOSFET.
Output voltage from OUT is around 15 volts.

36. Low Voltage Pulsed
Generator
Driver MOSFET
Power MOSFET
High Voltage
Generator

37. Fast switch using four series Power MOSFET with 50Ω load.
Output voltage at load (R8) is 1.5 kV.

38. Simulate prototype schematic using NI
MULTISIM 12
Build the prototype based on simulating
result

39. Build the prototype based on simulating
result

40. Prototype of Cockcroft-Walton multiplier as high voltage generator.

41. Prototype of Amplified Schmitt trigger to trigger the driver MOSFET.

42. Prototype of Power MOSFET with 50Ω load.

43. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

45. Prototype Result – Output from amplified
Schmitt trigger

46. Prototype Result – Output from driver
MOSFET

47. Prototype Result – Output in 50Ω load

48. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKS

50. High voltage generator based on this design is not able to generate high
voltage output on 50Ω load as we expected, based on our experiment it only
generates 400 volts output.

51. The Cockcroft-Walton multiplier in this design cannot withstand the input
voltage from AC source due to the voltage rating and capacitance of the
capacitors.

52. However, it is able to generates pulse with 400 volts with 200 nanosecond
width that can be regulated by changing the value of resistor in Schmitt-Trigger
and it still can be used for electroporation purposes if we change the 50 Ω
load with electroporation cuvette.

53. Total cost for this research do not exceed 200.000 IDR, all the component can
be found in our local electronic shop, except for LM7171 that used for
amplification the Schmitt-Trigger output.

54. For the future works, we will modify the Cockcroft-Walton multiplier
schematic to ignore the output voltage drop. Capacitors with high capacitance
and voltage rating will be used, but the total cost for new schematic also will
be increased.

55. LM7171 will be replaced by another OP-AMP that have same properties but
available in local store to create a design with easy obtained components.

56. It also need to improve the prototype by adding a shielding box and replace
the old circuit board into compact circuit board for safety reason.

57. REFERENCES

58. [1] World Cancer Day 2013. [cited 2013 29 August]; Available
from: http://www.who.int/cancer/en/
[2] Tjindarbumi, D. and R. Mangunkusumo, Cancer in Indonesia,
present and future. Jpn J Clin Oncol, 2002.
[3] Schellekens, M.C., et al., Prevalence of single and multiple
HPV types in cervical carcinomas in Jakarta, Indonesia.
Gynecologic oncology, 2004.
[4] Rubinsky, B., Irreversible electroporation. Series in
biomedical engineering,. 2010, Berlin: Springer.
[5] Kee, S., Clinical aspects of electroporation. 2011, New York:
Springer.

59. [6] Dwivedi, C. and M. Daigvane. Multi-purpose Low Cost DC
High Voltage Generator (60kV Output), Using Cockcroft-
Walton Voltage Multiplier Circuit. in Emerging Trends in E
ngineering and Technology (ICETET), 2010 3rd
International Conference on. 2010. IEEE.
[7] Brugler, J., Theoretical performance of voltage multiplier
circuits. Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of, 1971.
[8] Grenier, J.R., Design of a MOSFET-Based Pulsed Power Supply
for Electroporation. 2006: University of Waterloo.
[9] Baker, R. and S. Ward, Designing nanosecond high voltage
pulse generators using power MOSFETs. Electronics Letters,
1994. 30(20): p. 1634-1635.