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1. Nanotechnology and medicine
Lecture 8

2. Nanotechnology
 Nano is 1×10−9 m.
 Nanotechnology deals with structures
with a size range of 1 to 100 nm.
 It`s based upon molecular self-
assembly

4. Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology has several
application on many fields such as :
o Medicine
o Electronics
o Energy production
o water processing ………

5. Modern application of nanotechnology in
medicine can be divided in main groups
:
• Nanomaterials
• Nanoparticles
• Nanodevices and nanomanipulators
• Micro and nanocapsules

6. Nanomaterials
Nanomaterial is defined as a
"material with any external
dimension in the nanoscale or
having internal structure or
surface structure in the
nanoscale",
with nanoscale defined as the
"length range approximately
from 1 nm to 100 nm
."

7. Nanomaterials
 BY manipulating the arrangement of
atoms nanotechnology may be able
to create many new materials and
devices .

8.  AT the nano level materials
begin to demonstrate
entirely new chemical and
physical properties.
 Materials can be stronger,
lighter and highly soluble ,
reducing of melting point
……

9. Nanotechnology

10. 
A nanotube is a nanoscale material that has
a tube-like structure. Nanotube structures
have many applications in the general field
of nanotechnology, which is a relatively
recent field with much potential, as well as
some significant liabilities
.

Techopedia explains Nanotube

A nanotube can be made from various
materials such as carbon, boron or silicon.
Each of these has its own applications to
new technologies
.

11. Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles are particles between 1
and 100 nanometres (nm) in size with a
surrounding interfacial layer
In nanotechnology, a particle is defined
as a small object that behaves as a
whole unit with respect to its transport
and properties. Particles are further
classified according to diameter
.

12. Nanoparticles
The main focus of experimental work in
this area was on the widespread use of
nanoscale particles. These particles with
an average size of ~ 20-30 nm, injected
into human blood, easily pass through
the narrowest capillaries and therefore
can travel through the circulatory
system to almost any organ
.

13. Nanoparticles– reliable assistants in diagnosis
of many serious diseases

14. Nanomanipulators can be called devices
that are intended for manipulation with
nanoobjects - nanoparticles, molecules
and individual atoms. An example would
be scanning probe microscopes that
allow you to move any objects up to
atoms
.

17. Nanorobots can be
used with biosensors to
detect iNOS Signals for
diagnosis before a
stroke happens
iNOS (inducible
Nitric Oxide Synthase)
www.c a n b i o t e c h n e m s.com www.n a n o r o b o t d e s i g n.com

19. Currently, prototypes of several variants
of "nanopincers" have been created. In
one case, two carbon nanotubes with a
diameter of 50 nm were used, arranged
in parallel on the sides of a glass fiber
with a diameter of about 2 microns
.

20. Micro and nanocapsules
Micro - and nanocapsules Miniature (~ 1 micron)
capsules with nanopores can be used to deliver drugs
to the right place in the body. Similar microcapsules
are already being tested for the delivery and
physiologically controlled release of insulin in type 1
diabetes. The use of pores with a size of about 6 nm
allows you to protect the contents of the capsule from
the effects of the body's immune system. This makes
it possible to place in capsules insulin-producing
animal cells that would otherwise be rejected by the
body
.

21. Microscopic capsules of relatively simple
design can also take over the duplication
and expansion of the natural capabilities of
the organism. An example of such a
concept is the respirocyte proposed by R.
Freitas - an artificial carrier of oxygen and
carbon dioxide, which is significantly
superior in its capabilities both red blood
cells and existing blood substitutes
.

23. Surgery
 This could solve the difficulties and
blood leaks caused when the surgeon
tries to re-stitch the arteries that
have been cut during a kidney or
heart transplant. The flesh welder
could weld the artery perfectly

24.  Nanoparticles of cadmium selenide
(quantum dots) glow when exposed
to ultraviolet light. When injected,
they seep into cancer tumors. The
surgeon can see the glowing tumor,
and use it as a guide for more
accurate tumor removal.
examples

25. Nanomedicine
•
It is the medical application of
nanotechnology
.
•
It`s defined as the repair,
construction and control of human
biological systems using devices
built upon nanotechnology
standards
.

26. Nanomedicine
•
Nanostructured
materials, engineered
enzymes and many
other products of
biotechnology will be
very useful in the
future
.
•
High-sophisticated,
medically
programmable
nanomachines and
nanorobots are
developed
.

27. Nanomedicine
 That will allow
doctors to approach
the human body at
the cellular and
molecular levels.
Interventions such
as repairing
damaged tissues
(bone, muscle,
nerve) will be
possible.

28. Nanomedicine
 Nanotechnology can be used in many
fields of medicine
•Pharmacy
•visualization
•cancer
•Diagnoses
•surgery

29. Механический «хирург» в кровеносной системе

30. Thank you)
Thank you)

31. Nanomedicine and cancer
 By irradiating the area of the tumor
with an infrared laser, which passes
through flesh without heating it, the
gold is heated sufficiently to cause
death to the cancer cells.

32. photodynamic therapy
 If the particle is metal, energy from
the Light may also be used to
produce high energy ,oxygen
molecules which will chemically react
with and destroy most organic
molecules that are next to them (like
tumors).

33. photodynamic therapy
 Unlike chemotherapy it does not
leave a “toxic trail”