This document discusses surface preparation methods and standards from SSPC and NACE. It covers various cleaning methods like solvent cleaning, hand tool cleaning, power tool cleaning, and blast cleaning. It describes the different standards for each method in terms of the amount of contaminants and coatings removed. For example, it states that SSPC-SP 1 is solvent cleaning to remove soluble substances, SSPC-SP 2 is hand tool cleaning to remove loose rust and mill scale, and SSPC-SP 5 (NACE 1) is white metal blast cleaning where all material is removed. The document emphasizes that surface preparation standards are important to maximize coating life and minimize costs.

1. SURFACE PREARATION
METHODS : SSPC & NACE
STANDARDS
PRESENTED BY-
ANKIT GUPTA(183110043)
AYUSHI BHANDARI(183110045)
PUJA GUPTA(183110050)
DIPANJALI(183110052)
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3. SSPC-SP 1 :Solvent Cleaning
• This method of surface preparation is meant to remove soluble
substances.
• placed in order to prevent premature coating failure which promotes
longer coating life on industrial equipment.
• Solvent cleaning is the primary method to remove contaminants like
visible dirt, grease, oil, soil, drawing compounds, as well as, similar
organic compounds from steel surfaces.
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4. Methods of Solvent Cleaning:
• Use a rag or brush with solvent to wipe or scrub off the remaining
contaminants
• Spray surface with solvent
• Fully immerse surface into solvent
• Use emulsion or alkaline cleaners
• Use detergents or cleaners to steam clean
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5. Types Of Solvents:
• Alkaline solvents:- Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Carbonate
• Detergents:- Household detergents
• Petroleum solvents and Turpentine :- Acetone, Benzene, Ethanol
• Emulsion: kerosene or mineral spirits
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6. Manual hand Cleaning
• 3 standards-
1) Hand tool cleaning- SSPC SP 2
2) Power tool cleaning – SSPC SP 3
3) Power tool cleaning to bare metal- SSPC SP 11
• Remove Loose Mill Scale , rust, paint
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7. Hand tool cleaning- SSPC SP 2
• Tools used are : Wire Brush, scrapers, chisel, knife,
chipping hammer
• The removal of all loose mill scale, loose rust, loose paint and other loose
detrimental foreign matter
• by the use of non-power hand tools.
• Hand tool cleaning will not remove adherent mill scale, rust and paint.
• Mill scale, rust and paint are considered adherent if they cannot be
removed by lifting with a dull putty knife.
• Prior to scraping and wire brushing, remove grease, oil, salt, chemical dust,
and other contaminants by Chemical Cleaning.
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8. Some examples-
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9. SSPC–SP 3: Power Tool Cleaning
• Grinding Wheels, Vibrating wire brush, Sand wheel
• Power tool cleaning usually provides a slightly higher degree of cleanliness than hand
tool cleaning
• but is not regarded as adequate surface preparation for long-term exterior exposure of
most high-performance coating systems
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11. SSPC-SP11 POWER TOOL CLEANING TO BARE METAL
• The removal of all visible oil, grease, dirt, mill scale, rust, paint, oxide, corrosion products,
and other foreign matter.
• Differs from SSPC-SP3 in that it requires more thorough cleaning and a surface profile not
less than 1 mil (25 microns).
• This standard is suitable where a roughened, cleaned surface is required, but where
abrasive blasting is not feasible or permissible
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12. Some applications-
1) Non ferrous metals
2) Aluminium, Pre finished metal
3) Previously painted surfaces
4) Hand tools can be also used for concrete cleaning
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13. Blast Cleaning
• NACE No.1/SSPC-SP5 – Full white metal
• NACE No.2/SSPC-SP10 – Near white metal
• NACE No.3/SSPC-SP6 – Commercial Blast cleaning
• NACE No.4/SSPC-SP7 – Brush cleaning
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14. Grades of various kind of rust
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15. Swedish standards
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16. Rate of Cleaning is affected by
Air availability
Nozzel size and type
Type of equipment used
Condition of surface to be cleaned
Surface Cleanliness standard to be required
Distance of nozzel from the surface.
Abrasive Types
Ceramic Grid
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17. Classification of working pressure
• SSPC-SP WJ-1/NACE WJ-1: Waterjet cleaning of
metals. Clean to bare substrate.
• SSPC-SP WJ-2/NACE WJ-2: Waterjet cleaning of
metals. Very thorough cleaning.
• SSPC-SP WJ-3/NACE WJ-3: Waterjet cleaning of
metals. Thorough cleaning.
• SSPC-SP WJ-4/NACE WJ-4: Waterjet cleaning of
metals. Light cleaning.
• These levels used for removing the visible
contaminants
standards
based on
water
jetting
Low pressure
water cleaning
(LPWC)
Water pressure
below 5000 psi (
34 MPa)
High Pressure
water cleaning
(HPWC)
Water pressure
between 5000 –
10,000psi ( 34-
70MPa)
High Pressure
Water Jetting (
HPWJ)
Water Pressure
between 10000-
25,000 psi ( 70-
170MPa)
Ultra High
Pressure Water
Jetting (UHPWAJ)
Water Pressure
above 25,000 psi (
above 170 Mpa)
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Requirements for waterjetting:
 Pressure system which increase the pressure beyond 25000psi.
 Water pumps.
 Method of application
 Distance between the nozzle and surface is 6 inch optimum.

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Drawbacks of waterjet cleaning :flash rusting
Solution: It should be blast cleaned as soon as possible.

21. SSPC–SP 5 (NACE 1): White Metal Blast Cleaning
Loosely-adhering material: 0%
Tightly-adhering material: 0%
Stains, streaks, shadows: 0%
White Metal is the highest grade of abrasive blast cleaning.
APPLICATIONS :
• Steel (serving under high temperatures, high pressures, corrosive)
• nuclear reactors, turbines, chemical tank linings, submarines, etc (in cases where
the catastrophic consequences of coating failure justify the extra expense)
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22. SSPC–SP 6 (NACE 3): Commercial Grade Blast
Cleaning
Loosely-adhering material: 0%
Tightly-adhering material: 0%
Stains, streaks, shadows: 33%
• Commercial Blast Cleaning specifies that all tightly-adhering matter must go.
Shadows, streaks and stains can remain on up to 33% of the surface.
• APPLICATION : when a high, but not perfect, degree of cleanliness is warranted.
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23. SSPC–SP 7 (NACE 4): Brush-Off Blast Cleaning
• Remove rust scale, loose mill scale, loose rust, and loose coatings, leaving tightly bonded
mill scale, rust, and previous coatings.
• APPLICATION : removing oxides and/or loose and peeling coatings from galvanized
metal.
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24. SSPC–SP 10 (NACE 2): Near White Metal Blast
Cleaning
 Loosely-adhering material: 0%
Tightly-adhering material: 0%
Stains, streaks, shadows: 5%
 Near White is specified when the added benefit of
blasting to White Metal doesn’t justify the added
expense.
APPLICATIONS:
High performance coatings over steel (exposed to severe
environmental conditions, such as chemical spills and
fumes, high humidity, and proximity to salt water)
off-shore platforms, shipyards and other marine
environments.
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25. SSPC–SP 14 (NACE 8): Industrial Blast Cleaning
Loosely-adhering material: 0%
Tightly-adhering material: 10%
Stains, streaks, shadows: 100%
• Industrial Blast Cleaning specifies that 90% of the tightly-adhered matter must go.
Shadows, streaks and stains from rust, mill scale and old coatings are allowed on 100% of
the surface.
• APPLICATION : existing coating is thin, well-adherent and compatible with new coating.
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27. Why Surface Preparation Standards are so Important?
 AIM : maximize coating life and minimize costs.
 Surface prep accounting for up to 40% of the cost of a repainting project
 White Metal is expensive to achieve = reserved for critical applications
where the cost of failure is catastrophic.
 Near white is good enough for service in most severe environments.
 Commercial is less expensive and suitable for non-corrosive atmospheres
and service environments.
 Brush Off will save the owner the most money in the short run.
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